开食时间对海南六弓鹅生长发育及生化指标的影响
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摘要
研究选用860只出壳时间在6 h以内的海南六弓鹅雏鹅为试验对象,以开食时间12 h、24 h、36 h、48 h依次分为A、B、C、D四组,每组215只,观察开食时间对雏鹅生长性能、器官指数及部分生化指标的影响。结果显示:60 h～3周龄,D组雏鹅体重始终显著低于A组(P<0.05);12 h～4周龄,A组雏鹅整体体型较大,各方面发育指数与D组有显著差异(P<0.05);4周龄时,A组肌胃、小肠、肝脏、胰腺这四种消化器官重量全部显著高于D组(P<0.05),其中肌胃和小肠在60 h～4周龄持续显著重于D组(P<0.05);4周龄时,A组的血清总蛋白(TP)和葡萄糖(GLU)都显著高于D组(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著低于D组;1～4周龄A组耗料量持续大于D组并有显著差异(P<0.05),在3～4周显著低于B、C组(P<0.05)。综上所述,开食时间越早的雏鹅成型越快,消化、免疫系统发育也更快,并且营养吸收和代谢能力也有所增强。建议雏鹅开食时间控制在12 h～36 h之间。
In this experiment, 860 Hainan Liugong goose with a shelling time of less than 6 hours were selected,which were divided into four groups of A, B, C and D at 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h to investigate the effects of feeding time on growth performance, organ index and some biochemical indicators of goslings. The results showed that the weight of goslings in group D was significantly lower than that in group A at 60 h to 3 weeks old(P<0.05). The group A had larger overall body size and significantly difference of development indexs was observed that compared with D group(P<0.05). At the age of 4 weeks, the indexes of muscle, small intestine, liver and pancreas of group A have significant variation compared with group D(P<0.05). The muscle and small intestine in group A were significantly higher than group D in the period of 60 h to 4 weeks. At the age of 4 weeks, the TP and GLU of A group were significantly higher than group D(P<0.05) but the level of HDL-C was significantly lower than group D. The consumption of material about group A was significantly higher than that in group D(P<0.05), which was significantly lower than that of group B and Cin the period of 3 to 4 weeks(P<0.05). In general, with the earlier feeding time, the development of somatotype,digestive organs and immune system will be better. Therefore, it′s necessary to control the feeding time in the range of 12 h and 36h.
In this experiment, 860 Hainan Liugong goose with a shelling time of less than 6 hours were selected,which were divided into four groups of A, B, C and D at 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h to investigate the effects of feeding time on growth performance, organ index and some biochemical indicators of goslings. The results showed that the weight of goslings in group D was significantly lower than that in group A at 60 h to 3 weeks old(P<0.05). The group A had larger overall body size and significantly difference of development indexs was observed that compared with D group(P<0.05). At the age of 4 weeks, the indexes of muscle, small intestine, liver and pancreas of group A have significant variation compared with group D(P<0.05). The muscle and small intestine in group A were significantly higher than group D in the period of 60 h to 4 weeks. At the age of 4 weeks, the TP and GLU of A group were significantly higher than group D(P<0.05) but the level of HDL-C was significantly lower than group D. The consumption of material about group A was significantly higher than that in group D(P<0.05), which was significantly lower than that of group B and Cin the period of 3 to 4 weeks(P<0.05). In general, with the earlier feeding time, the development of somatotype,digestive organs and immune system will be better. Therefore, it′s necessary to control the feeding time in the range of 12 h and 36h.
引文
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[11]于江明,王秋菊,刘勃麟,等.不同饲养密度对笼养蛋鸡十二指肠肠道菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):899-907.
[2]吕进宏.不同饲养方式和营养水平对北京油鸡生长性能和肉质的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2005.
[3]卢建,薛金果,杨海明,等.开食时间对雏鸡早期生长和内脏器官发育的影响[J].家禽科学,2009(1):7-10.
[4]DAVAIL S,GUY G,ANDRéJ,et al.Metabolism in two breeds of geese with moderate or large overfeeding induced liver-steatosis[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2000,126(1):91-99.
[5]郭丽青.不同开食时间对肉鸡的生长性能、饲料利用和肠道发育的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会.第七届中国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集,2014:1.
[6]SAKI A A.Effect of post-hatch feeding on broiler performance[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2005,4(1):1140-1143.
[7]柳俊琴,申士团,许彦墩,等.提早开食时间对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响[J].山东畜牧兽医,2005(6):1-2.
[8]DESCHEPPER K,HUYGHEBAERT G.Pre-starter diets give birds a better start[J].Misset World Poultry,1998(8):20-21.
[9]MAIORKA A,SANTIN E,DAHLKE F,et al.posthatching water and feed deprivation affect the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal mucosa development of broiler chicks[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2003,12(2):483-492.
[10]ESTEBAN S,RAYóJ M,MORENO M,et al.A role played by the vitelline diverticulum in the yolk sac resorption in young post-hatched chickens[J].Journal of Comparative Physiology B,1991,160(6):645-648.
[11]于江明,王秋菊,刘勃麟,等.不同饲养密度对笼养蛋鸡十二指肠肠道菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):899-907.