维生素A对罗斯308×海兰褐肉杂鸡生长性能、钙磷代谢和免疫功能的影响
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摘要
本试验研究了维生素A对肉杂鸡生长性能、钙磷代谢和免疫功能的影响,旨在为肉杂鸡饲粮中合理添加维生素A提供依据。选取1日龄罗斯308×海兰褐肉杂鸡720只,随机分为6组(每组6个重复,每个重复20只),分别饲喂在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加1 000、2 000、6 000、10 000、14 000和18 000 IU/kg维生素A的饲粮,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)18 000 IU/kg维生素A添加组肉杂鸡21日龄体重显著高于1 000、2 000和6 000 IU/kg维生素A添加组(P<0.05),与10 000和14 000 IU/kg维生素A添加组差异不显著(P>0.05),并且14和21日龄肉杂鸡体重及1～21日龄耗料量与饲粮维生素A添加量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。各组肉杂鸡22～42日龄耗料量和料重比、42日龄体重和1～42日龄存活率无显著差异(P>0.05)。2) 21和42日龄肉杂鸡肝脏、脾脏和法氏囊指数组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。6 000 IU/kg维生素A添加组肉杂鸡21和42日龄血清新城疫抗体效价显著高于1 000和2 000 IU/kg维生素A添加组(P<0.05),并且血清新城疫抗体与饲粮维生素A添加量有显著二次曲线回归关系(P<0.05),维生素A添加量为12 000 IU/kg时效价最高。肉杂鸡血清禽流感H9抗体效价随饲粮维生素A添加量的增加有增加趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),血清法氏囊病毒抗体效价则没有显著变化(P>0.05)。3)各组肉杂鸡21和42日龄血清钙、磷含量、血清碱性磷酸酶活性和胫骨灰分含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,提高饲粮维生素A水平一定程度上可提高肉杂鸡血清新城疫和禽流感H9抗体效价以及21日龄生长性能,但对肉杂鸡骨骼代谢和42日龄生长性能没有显著影响。综合考虑各项指标,认为1～21日龄和22～42日龄玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中分别添加6 000和1 000 IU/kg维生素A可满足肉杂鸡获得良好的生长性能、免疫状况和骨骼发育的需要。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of vitamin A on growth performance,calcium and phosphorus metabolism and immune function of hybrid broilers and to determine appropriate vitamin A level in diet.Seven hundred and twenty 1-day-old Ross 308×Hyline brown hybrid broilers were randomly allocated to six groups with 6 replicates per group and 20 chickens per replicate.One of six basal diets with different supplemental vitamin A levels as 1 000,2 000,6 000,10 000,14 000 and 18 000 IU/kg were randomly fed to the broilers for 42 days.The results indicated as follows:1) at 21 days of age,the body weight(BW) of broilers in 18 000 IU/kg vitamin A supplemental group was significantly higher than that of broilers in 1 000,2 000 and 6 000 IU/kg vitamin A supplemental groups(P<0.05),but had no significant differences with that of broilers in 10 000 or 14 000 IU/kg vitamin A supplemental group(P>0.05).The BW of broilers at 14 and21 days of age and feed consumption(FC) of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age had significant positive correlation with vitamin A supplemental level(P<0.05).The FC and feed to gain ratio of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age,BW at 42 days of age and survival rate of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age had no significant differences among all groups(P>0.05).2) The indices of liver,spleen and bursa of Fabricius of broilers at 21 and42 days of age had no significant differences among all groups(P>0.05).The serum Newcastle disease antibody(ND-Ab) titer of broilers in 6 000 IU/kg vitamin A supplemental group was significantly higher than that of broilers in 1 000 and 2 000 IU/kg vitamin A supplemental groups(P<0.05).A significant quadratic regression relationship between serum ND-Ab titer and the vitamin A supplemental level was detected when broilers were at 21 and 42 days of age(P<0.05),and the serum ND-Ab titer reached summit when vitamin A supplemental level was 12 000 IU/kg.The serum avian influenza virus H9 antibody(H9-Ab) titer of broilers had an increasing trend with the vitamin A supplemental level increasing(0.05≤P<0.10),while the serum bursa virus antibody titer had no significant changes(P>0.05).3) The serum contents of calcium and phosphorus,serum alkaline phosphatase activity and tibia ash content had no significant differences among all groups when broilers were at 21 and 42 days of age(P>0.05).In conclusion,enhancement of dietary vitamin A level can improve the serum titers of ND-Ab and H9-Ab and the growth performance of hybrid broilers at 21 days of age,but has no significant effects on the bone metabolism and the growth performance of hybrid broilers at 42 days of age.Considering all the indicators,it is considered that 6 000 and 1 000 IU/kg vitamin A respectively added to the corn-soybean meal basal diet for hybrid broilers of 1 to 21 days of age and 22 to 42 days of age can meet the needs of the broilers for good growth performance,good immune status and good bone development.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of vitamin A on growth performance,calcium and phosphorus metabolism and immune function of hybrid broilers and to determine appropriate vitamin A level in diet.Seven hundred and twenty 1-day-old Ross 308×Hyline brown hybrid broilers were randomly allocated to six groups with 6 replicates per group and 20 chickens per replicate.One of six basal diets with different supplemental vitamin A levels as 1 000,2 000,6 000,10 000,14 000 and 18 000 IU/kg were randomly fed to the broilers for 42 days.The results indicated as follows:1) at 21 days of age,the body weight(BW) of broilers in 18 000 IU/kg vitamin A supplemental group was significantly higher than that of broilers in 1 000,2 000 and 6 000 IU/kg vitamin A supplemental groups(P<0.05),but had no significant differences with that of broilers in 10 000 or 14 000 IU/kg vitamin A supplemental group(P>0.05).The BW of broilers at 14 and21 days of age and feed consumption(FC) of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age had significant positive correlation with vitamin A supplemental level(P<0.05).The FC and feed to gain ratio of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age,BW at 42 days of age and survival rate of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age had no significant differences among all groups(P>0.05).2) The indices of liver,spleen and bursa of Fabricius of broilers at 21 and42 days of age had no significant differences among all groups(P>0.05).The serum Newcastle disease antibody(ND-Ab) titer of broilers in 6 000 IU/kg vitamin A supplemental group was significantly higher than that of broilers in 1 000 and 2 000 IU/kg vitamin A supplemental groups(P<0.05).A significant quadratic regression relationship between serum ND-Ab titer and the vitamin A supplemental level was detected when broilers were at 21 and 42 days of age(P<0.05),and the serum ND-Ab titer reached summit when vitamin A supplemental level was 12 000 IU/kg.The serum avian influenza virus H9 antibody(H9-Ab) titer of broilers had an increasing trend with the vitamin A supplemental level increasing(0.05≤P<0.10),while the serum bursa virus antibody titer had no significant changes(P>0.05).3) The serum contents of calcium and phosphorus,serum alkaline phosphatase activity and tibia ash content had no significant differences among all groups when broilers were at 21 and 42 days of age(P>0.05).In conclusion,enhancement of dietary vitamin A level can improve the serum titers of ND-Ab and H9-Ab and the growth performance of hybrid broilers at 21 days of age,but has no significant effects on the bone metabolism and the growth performance of hybrid broilers at 42 days of age.Considering all the indicators,it is considered that 6 000 and 1 000 IU/kg vitamin A respectively added to the corn-soybean meal basal diet for hybrid broilers of 1 to 21 days of age and 22 to 42 days of age can meet the needs of the broilers for good growth performance,good immune status and good bone development.
引文
[1]阎佩佩,石天虹,井庆川,等.维生素A对肉鸡生产性能、血清生化指标、器官指数及胫骨灰分含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2349-2356.
[2]OKPE G C,EZEMA W S,SHOYINKA S V O,et al.Vitamin A dietary supplementation reduces the mortality of velogenic Newcastle disease significantly in cockerels[J].International Journal of Experimental Pathology,2015,96(5):326-331.
[3]郝晓洁,刘国华,张姝,等.日粮维生素A水平对肉仔鸡抗氧化指标和免疫器官指数的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2011,46(5):27-32.
[4]张春善,高林青,宋金昌,等.铜和维生素A及互作效应对肉仔鸡生产性能及理化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(9):940-945.
[5]赵芸君,文杰,陈继兰,等.黄羽肉鸡育肥期维生素A、E适宜添加量研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2005,36(7):654-660.
[6]DURIANCIK D M,LACKEY D E,HOAG K A.Vitamin A as a regulator of antigen presenting cells[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2010,140(8):1395-1399.
[7]ROSS A C.Vitamin A and retinoic acid in T cell-related immunity[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2012,96(5):1166S-1172S.
[8]SURMAN S L,JONES B G,SEALY R E,et al.Oral retinyl palmitate or retinoic acid corrects mucosal IgAresponses toward an intranasal influenza virus vaccine in vitamin A deficient mice[J].Vaccine,2014,32(22):2521-2524.
[9]YUAN J M,ROSHDY A R,GUO Y M,et al.Effect of dietary vitamin A on reproductive performance and immune response of broiler breeders[J].PLoS One,2014,9(8):e105677.
[10]王昕,林海,沈伟.高温下添加维生素A对蛋鸡新城疫抗体效价的影响[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2001,20(2):12.
[11]石天虹,张桂芝,黄保华,等.日粮VA水平对蛋种鸡性能影响的研究[J].山东家禽,2001(6):3-5.
[12]LESSARD M,HUTCHINGS D,CAVE N A.Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in broiler chickens maintained on diets containing different levels of vitamin A[J].Poultry Science,1997,76(10):1368-1378.
[13]WALK C L,BEDFORD M R,OLUKOSI O A.Effect of phytase on growth performance,phytate degradation and gene expression of myo-inositol transporters in the small intestine,liver and kidney of 21 day old broilers[J].Poultry Science,2018,97(4):1155-1162.
[14]FARHADI D,KARIMI A,SADEGHI G,et al.Effects of a high dose of microbial phytase and myo-inositol supplementation on growth performance,tibia mineralization,nutrient digestibility,litter moisture content,and foot problems in broiler chickens fed phosphorusdeficient diets[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(10):3664-3675.
[15]孙宏选,高秀华,杨禄良.玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加高剂量植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(4):11-15.
[16]李学科,张春晖,唐春红,等.饲粮磷水平对肉鸡生长性能、胫骨质量及血清生化特性的影响[J].饲料工业,2014,35(20):29-35.
[17]冯永淼.过量维生素A对肉仔鸡骨骼钙磷代谢影响及机理的研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.
[18]郭晓宇.维生素A过量对肉鸡钙、磷沉积及碱性磷酸酶和骨钙素表达的影响[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010.
[19]夏兆飞,金久善.维生素A对肉鸡骨骼代谢影响的研究[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,29:9-15.
[20]索兰弟,魏建民,闫素梅.日粮锌和维生素A水平及其交互作用对肉仔鸡血清碱性磷酸酶活性的影响[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,2002(6):1-3.
[21]NIKAWA T,ROKUTAN K,NANBA K,et al.Vitamin A up-regulates expression of bone-rtype alkaline phosphatase in rat small intestinal crypt cell line and fetal rat small intestine[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1998,128(11):1869-1877.
[22]ZAIGER G,NUR T,BARSHACK I,et al.Vitamin Aexerts its activity at the transcriptional level in the small intestine[J].European Journal of Nutrition,2004,43(5):259-266.
[23]TANAKA K,TANAKA S,SAKAI A,et al.Deficiency of vitamin A delays bone healing process in association with reduced BMP2 expression after drill-rhole injury in mice[J].Bone,2010,47(6):1006-1012.
[2]OKPE G C,EZEMA W S,SHOYINKA S V O,et al.Vitamin A dietary supplementation reduces the mortality of velogenic Newcastle disease significantly in cockerels[J].International Journal of Experimental Pathology,2015,96(5):326-331.
[3]郝晓洁,刘国华,张姝,等.日粮维生素A水平对肉仔鸡抗氧化指标和免疫器官指数的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2011,46(5):27-32.
[4]张春善,高林青,宋金昌,等.铜和维生素A及互作效应对肉仔鸡生产性能及理化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(9):940-945.
[5]赵芸君,文杰,陈继兰,等.黄羽肉鸡育肥期维生素A、E适宜添加量研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2005,36(7):654-660.
[6]DURIANCIK D M,LACKEY D E,HOAG K A.Vitamin A as a regulator of antigen presenting cells[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2010,140(8):1395-1399.
[7]ROSS A C.Vitamin A and retinoic acid in T cell-related immunity[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2012,96(5):1166S-1172S.
[8]SURMAN S L,JONES B G,SEALY R E,et al.Oral retinyl palmitate or retinoic acid corrects mucosal IgAresponses toward an intranasal influenza virus vaccine in vitamin A deficient mice[J].Vaccine,2014,32(22):2521-2524.
[9]YUAN J M,ROSHDY A R,GUO Y M,et al.Effect of dietary vitamin A on reproductive performance and immune response of broiler breeders[J].PLoS One,2014,9(8):e105677.
[10]王昕,林海,沈伟.高温下添加维生素A对蛋鸡新城疫抗体效价的影响[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2001,20(2):12.
[11]石天虹,张桂芝,黄保华,等.日粮VA水平对蛋种鸡性能影响的研究[J].山东家禽,2001(6):3-5.
[12]LESSARD M,HUTCHINGS D,CAVE N A.Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in broiler chickens maintained on diets containing different levels of vitamin A[J].Poultry Science,1997,76(10):1368-1378.
[13]WALK C L,BEDFORD M R,OLUKOSI O A.Effect of phytase on growth performance,phytate degradation and gene expression of myo-inositol transporters in the small intestine,liver and kidney of 21 day old broilers[J].Poultry Science,2018,97(4):1155-1162.
[14]FARHADI D,KARIMI A,SADEGHI G,et al.Effects of a high dose of microbial phytase and myo-inositol supplementation on growth performance,tibia mineralization,nutrient digestibility,litter moisture content,and foot problems in broiler chickens fed phosphorusdeficient diets[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(10):3664-3675.
[15]孙宏选,高秀华,杨禄良.玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加高剂量植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(4):11-15.
[16]李学科,张春晖,唐春红,等.饲粮磷水平对肉鸡生长性能、胫骨质量及血清生化特性的影响[J].饲料工业,2014,35(20):29-35.
[17]冯永淼.过量维生素A对肉仔鸡骨骼钙磷代谢影响及机理的研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.
[18]郭晓宇.维生素A过量对肉鸡钙、磷沉积及碱性磷酸酶和骨钙素表达的影响[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010.
[19]夏兆飞,金久善.维生素A对肉鸡骨骼代谢影响的研究[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,29:9-15.
[20]索兰弟,魏建民,闫素梅.日粮锌和维生素A水平及其交互作用对肉仔鸡血清碱性磷酸酶活性的影响[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,2002(6):1-3.
[21]NIKAWA T,ROKUTAN K,NANBA K,et al.Vitamin A up-regulates expression of bone-rtype alkaline phosphatase in rat small intestinal crypt cell line and fetal rat small intestine[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1998,128(11):1869-1877.
[22]ZAIGER G,NUR T,BARSHACK I,et al.Vitamin Aexerts its activity at the transcriptional level in the small intestine[J].European Journal of Nutrition,2004,43(5):259-266.
[23]TANAKA K,TANAKA S,SAKAI A,et al.Deficiency of vitamin A delays bone healing process in association with reduced BMP2 expression after drill-rhole injury in mice[J].Bone,2010,47(6):1006-1012.