饲粮铁添加水平对产蛋期种鹅生产性能、繁殖性能、蛋品质及血液生理生化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮铁添加水平对产蛋期种鹅生产性能、繁殖性能、蛋品质及血液生理生化指标的影响,旨在探讨产蛋期种鹅对铁的需要量。选择34周龄体况相近的种鹅120只,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只(1公4母)。各组(Ⅰ～Ⅵ组)饲粮铁添加水平分别为0、20、40、60、80、100 mg/kg。预试期1周,正试期10周。结果表明:1)Ⅴ组平均蛋重显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由二次曲线拟合方程得出,饲粮铁添加水平为80.61 mg/kg时平均蛋重最高。2)Ⅴ组种蛋合格率、种蛋孵化率和健雏率显著或极显著高于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅴ组种蛋受精率显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅵ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由二次曲线拟合方程得出,饲粮铁添加水平为79.87 mg/kg时,种蛋合格率最高;饲粮铁添加水平为84.82 mg/kg时,种蛋受精率最高。3)Ⅴ组蛋黄色泽显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅳ、Ⅴ组血清尿素氮和肌酐含量显著或极显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P <0.05或P <0.01),Ⅳ、Ⅴ组血清铁含量显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。5)Ⅴ组血液中红细胞数显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅴ组血液中红细胞压积、血红蛋白浓度、平均血红蛋白含量显著或极显著高于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组血液中平均红细胞体积显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由此可见,饲粮铁添加水平对产蛋期种鹅平均蛋重、繁殖性能、蛋黄色泽及血液生理生化指标有显著影响,综合考虑,产蛋期种鹅饲粮铁添加水平为80.61～84.82 mg/kg为宜。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary iron supplemental level on performance,reproductive performance,egg quality and blood physiological and biochemical parameters of breeding geese during laying period,to study the iron requirement of breeding geese during laying period. A total of 120 thirty-four-week-old breeding geese with the similar body condition were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 5 geese per replicate( 1 male and 4 female). Geese in the 6 groups( groups Ⅰ to Ⅵ)were fed basal diets supplemented with 0,20,40,60,80 and 100 mg/kg iron,respectively. The pre-experimental period lasted for 1 week,and the experimental period lasted for 10 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) the average egg weight of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ( P<0.05 or P<0. 01). According to the quadratic curve fitting equation,the average egg weight was the highest when dietary iron supplemental level was 80. 61 mg/kg. 2) The hatching egg qualified rate,hatching egg hatching rate and healthy rate of group Ⅴ were significantly higher than those of other groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the hatching egg fertilization rate of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅵ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). According to the quadratic curve fitting equation,the hatching egg qualified rate was the highest when dietary iron supplemental level was 79.87 mg/kg; the hatching egg fertilization rate was the highest when dietary iron supplemental level was 84.82 mg/kg. 3) The yolk color of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅵ( P<0.05). 4) The contents of urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly lower than those of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ( P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the serum iron content of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ andⅢ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). 5) The blood red cell count of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of groupsⅠ and Ⅱ( P<0.05 or P<0.01),the hematocrit,hemoglobin concentration and average hemoglobin content in blood of groups Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ were significantly lower than those of other groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the blood mean corpuscular volume of groups Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). In conclusion,dietary iron supplemental level has significant effects on average egg weight,reproductive performance,yolk color and blood physiological and biochemical parameters of breeding geese during laying period,on the basis of above results,it is suggested that the dietary iron supplemental level of breeding geese during laying period is 80.61 to 84.82 mg/kg.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2634-2641]
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary iron supplemental level on performance,reproductive performance,egg quality and blood physiological and biochemical parameters of breeding geese during laying period,to study the iron requirement of breeding geese during laying period. A total of 120 thirty-four-week-old breeding geese with the similar body condition were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 5 geese per replicate( 1 male and 4 female). Geese in the 6 groups( groups Ⅰ to Ⅵ)were fed basal diets supplemented with 0,20,40,60,80 and 100 mg/kg iron,respectively. The pre-experimental period lasted for 1 week,and the experimental period lasted for 10 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) the average egg weight of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ( P<0.05 or P<0. 01). According to the quadratic curve fitting equation,the average egg weight was the highest when dietary iron supplemental level was 80. 61 mg/kg. 2) The hatching egg qualified rate,hatching egg hatching rate and healthy rate of group Ⅴ were significantly higher than those of other groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the hatching egg fertilization rate of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅵ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). According to the quadratic curve fitting equation,the hatching egg qualified rate was the highest when dietary iron supplemental level was 79.87 mg/kg; the hatching egg fertilization rate was the highest when dietary iron supplemental level was 84.82 mg/kg. 3) The yolk color of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅵ( P<0.05). 4) The contents of urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly lower than those of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ( P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the serum iron content of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ andⅢ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). 5) The blood red cell count of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of groupsⅠ and Ⅱ( P<0.05 or P<0.01),the hematocrit,hemoglobin concentration and average hemoglobin content in blood of groups Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ were significantly lower than those of other groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the blood mean corpuscular volume of groups Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). In conclusion,dietary iron supplemental level has significant effects on average egg weight,reproductive performance,yolk color and blood physiological and biochemical parameters of breeding geese during laying period,on the basis of above results,it is suggested that the dietary iron supplemental level of breeding geese during laying period is 80.61 to 84.82 mg/kg.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2634-2641]
引文
[1]陈凤芹,计峰,程茂基,等.不同铁源对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能及铁营养状况的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008,35(7):11-14.
[2]THEIL E C.Ferritin:structure,gene regulation,and cellular function in animals,plants,and microorganisms[J].Annual Review of Biochemistry,1987,56:289-315.
[3]刘长忠,冯长松.鹅饲料配方手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015:90-91.
[4]李清晓,李忠平.铁元素的营养作用及在动物生产上的应用[J].饲料博览,2004(4):4-6.
[5]王影,马景欣.动物铁缺乏症和铁中毒的症状与防治[J].养殖技术顾问,2014(11):144.
[6]张宏福.美国NRC禽类营养需要量(1994年版)[J].中国饲料,1995(2):36-38.
[7]蒲俊华.不同铁源生物学效价及其对仔鸡组织铁铜锌锰含量影响的研究[D].硕士研究论文.扬州:扬州大学,2006:11.
[8]贾春燕.铁和维生素A及互作对肉仔鸡生产性能和钙磷表观存留率的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(3):68-72.
[9]RUIZ J A,PEREZ-VENDRELL A M,ESTEVE-GARCIA E.Effect of dietary iron and copper on performance and oxidative stability in broiler leg meat[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(2):163-167.
[10]张利环,巩振华,王博,等.铁和维生素A及其互作效应对产蛋鸡生产性能和血清激素水平及铁代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(3):348-355.
[11]董冬华.不同铁源及添加水平对母猪和仔猪铁营养状况影响的研究[D].硕士研究论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[12]郭福祥,裴明星,王景元,等.硫酸亚铁脱毒棉籽饼对蛋鸡繁殖性能影响的研究[J].山东家禽,1988,1(2):9-15.
[13]DARNELEY A H,ASHMEAD H D.Improving reproductive performance w ith iron amino acid chelate[M]//DEWAYNE ASHMEAD H.The roles of amino acid chelates in animal nutrition.New Jersey:Noyes,1996:251-268.
[14]曹盛丰,杨丽娥,程美蓉,等.高铁日粮对鸡蛋铁含量与蛋品质的影响[J].上海农业学报,1999,15(2):30-35.
[15]耿彦强,李业明,张雄,等.甘氨酸亚铁和维生素A对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(9):72-76.
[16]唐圣果,曲湘勇,张丽,等.甘氨酸亚铁对绿壳蛋鸡生产性能和蛋黄中铁沉积量的影响[J].中国饲料,2012(24):21-23.
[17]屠友金,邹晓庭,唐胜球.日粮中不同铁源对罗曼蛋鸡产蛋性能以及蛋品质的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2004,30(5):561-566.
[18]唐会会.万寿菊叶黄素和VC对高温环境中蛋鸡生产性能和生理机能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.湛江:广东海洋大学,2012:41.
[19]SCOTT M L,NESHEIM M C,YOUNG R J.Nutrition of the chicken[M].3rd ed.New York:Scott and Associates,1982.
[20]MILES R D,FEATHERSTON W R.Uric acid excretion by the chick as an indicator of dietary protein quality[J].Poultry Science,1976,55(1):98-102.
[21]康波,杨焕民,刘胜军,等.东北白鹅和籽鹅血液生化指标[J].中国兽医学报,2006,26(6):649-652.
[22]温靖,顾为望,杨海英.SPF级新西兰兔血液生理生化指标的测定[J].动物医学进展,2005,26(1):81-83.
[23]刁翠萍,王宝维,葛文华,等.不同铁添加水平饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对雏鹅生长性能、造血功能、铁代谢和肾脏功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(10):4151-4160.
[24]张文飞,廖志超,管武太,等.甘氨酸亚铁对断奶仔猪生长性能、铁表观消化率及血清铁相关指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):2071-2077.
[25]张一鸣,孙效名,万丹,等.二肽螯合铁对仔猪生长性能、血清铁和抗氧化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(8):2551-2555.
[26]YU B,HUANG W J,CHIOU P W S.Bioavailability of iron from amino acid complex in w eanling pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2000,86(1/2):39-52.
[27]FENG J,MA W Q,XU Z R,et al.Effects of iron glycine chelate on grow th,haematological and immunological characteristics in w eanling pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2007,134(3/4):261-272.
[28]WANG J P,KIM I H.Effects of iron injection at birth on neonatal iron status in young pigs from first-parity sow s fed delta-aminolevulinic acid[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2012,178(3/4):151-157.
[2]THEIL E C.Ferritin:structure,gene regulation,and cellular function in animals,plants,and microorganisms[J].Annual Review of Biochemistry,1987,56:289-315.
[3]刘长忠,冯长松.鹅饲料配方手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015:90-91.
[4]李清晓,李忠平.铁元素的营养作用及在动物生产上的应用[J].饲料博览,2004(4):4-6.
[5]王影,马景欣.动物铁缺乏症和铁中毒的症状与防治[J].养殖技术顾问,2014(11):144.
[6]张宏福.美国NRC禽类营养需要量(1994年版)[J].中国饲料,1995(2):36-38.
[7]蒲俊华.不同铁源生物学效价及其对仔鸡组织铁铜锌锰含量影响的研究[D].硕士研究论文.扬州:扬州大学,2006:11.
[8]贾春燕.铁和维生素A及互作对肉仔鸡生产性能和钙磷表观存留率的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(3):68-72.
[9]RUIZ J A,PEREZ-VENDRELL A M,ESTEVE-GARCIA E.Effect of dietary iron and copper on performance and oxidative stability in broiler leg meat[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(2):163-167.
[10]张利环,巩振华,王博,等.铁和维生素A及其互作效应对产蛋鸡生产性能和血清激素水平及铁代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(3):348-355.
[11]董冬华.不同铁源及添加水平对母猪和仔猪铁营养状况影响的研究[D].硕士研究论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[12]郭福祥,裴明星,王景元,等.硫酸亚铁脱毒棉籽饼对蛋鸡繁殖性能影响的研究[J].山东家禽,1988,1(2):9-15.
[13]DARNELEY A H,ASHMEAD H D.Improving reproductive performance w ith iron amino acid chelate[M]//DEWAYNE ASHMEAD H.The roles of amino acid chelates in animal nutrition.New Jersey:Noyes,1996:251-268.
[14]曹盛丰,杨丽娥,程美蓉,等.高铁日粮对鸡蛋铁含量与蛋品质的影响[J].上海农业学报,1999,15(2):30-35.
[15]耿彦强,李业明,张雄,等.甘氨酸亚铁和维生素A对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(9):72-76.
[16]唐圣果,曲湘勇,张丽,等.甘氨酸亚铁对绿壳蛋鸡生产性能和蛋黄中铁沉积量的影响[J].中国饲料,2012(24):21-23.
[17]屠友金,邹晓庭,唐胜球.日粮中不同铁源对罗曼蛋鸡产蛋性能以及蛋品质的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2004,30(5):561-566.
[18]唐会会.万寿菊叶黄素和VC对高温环境中蛋鸡生产性能和生理机能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.湛江:广东海洋大学,2012:41.
[19]SCOTT M L,NESHEIM M C,YOUNG R J.Nutrition of the chicken[M].3rd ed.New York:Scott and Associates,1982.
[20]MILES R D,FEATHERSTON W R.Uric acid excretion by the chick as an indicator of dietary protein quality[J].Poultry Science,1976,55(1):98-102.
[21]康波,杨焕民,刘胜军,等.东北白鹅和籽鹅血液生化指标[J].中国兽医学报,2006,26(6):649-652.
[22]温靖,顾为望,杨海英.SPF级新西兰兔血液生理生化指标的测定[J].动物医学进展,2005,26(1):81-83.
[23]刁翠萍,王宝维,葛文华,等.不同铁添加水平饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对雏鹅生长性能、造血功能、铁代谢和肾脏功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(10):4151-4160.
[24]张文飞,廖志超,管武太,等.甘氨酸亚铁对断奶仔猪生长性能、铁表观消化率及血清铁相关指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):2071-2077.
[25]张一鸣,孙效名,万丹,等.二肽螯合铁对仔猪生长性能、血清铁和抗氧化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(8):2551-2555.
[26]YU B,HUANG W J,CHIOU P W S.Bioavailability of iron from amino acid complex in w eanling pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2000,86(1/2):39-52.
[27]FENG J,MA W Q,XU Z R,et al.Effects of iron glycine chelate on grow th,haematological and immunological characteristics in w eanling pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2007,134(3/4):261-272.
[28]WANG J P,KIM I H.Effects of iron injection at birth on neonatal iron status in young pigs from first-parity sow s fed delta-aminolevulinic acid[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2012,178(3/4):151-157.