Cu/Ti在模拟海水中的电偶腐蚀行为(英文)
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摘要
采用电化学阻抗谱、电化学噪声和扫描电镜等技术研究了纯铜、铜/钛耦合电极在模拟海水中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:纯铜的腐蚀过程分2个阶段,其腐蚀阻抗和点蚀参数SE均遵循先增后降的规律,而其腐蚀参数SG的变化规律则正好相反;铜/钛耦合电极的腐蚀过程则由3个阶段组成,其腐蚀阻抗和点蚀参数SE均遵循先降后升到最后再降的规律,而其腐蚀参数SG则同样反向变化。铜和钛之间的电势差加速了纯铜的点蚀萌生,同时铜/钛耦合电极的腐蚀电位总是正于纯铜的腐蚀电位。
The corrosion behaviors of copper and copper/titanium galvanic couple(GC) in seawater were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and electrochemical noise(EN) techniques in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy(SEM) method. The results show that the corrosion process of copper in seawater can be divided into two stages, in which corrosion resistance and SE show the same evolution trend of initial increase and subsequent decrease, while SG changes oppositely. However, the ensemble corrosion process of copper/ titanium GC in seawater includes three stages, in which corrosion resistance and SE show the evolution features of initial decrease with a subsequently increase, and the final decrease again; while SG changes oppositely. The potential difference between copper and titanium in their galvanic couple can accelerate the initiation of pitting corrosion of copper, and both the minimum and maximum corrosion potentials of copper/ titanium GC are much more positive than those of pure copper.
The corrosion behaviors of copper and copper/titanium galvanic couple(GC) in seawater were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and electrochemical noise(EN) techniques in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy(SEM) method. The results show that the corrosion process of copper in seawater can be divided into two stages, in which corrosion resistance and SE show the same evolution trend of initial increase and subsequent decrease, while SG changes oppositely. However, the ensemble corrosion process of copper/ titanium GC in seawater includes three stages, in which corrosion resistance and SE show the evolution features of initial decrease with a subsequently increase, and the final decrease again; while SG changes oppositely. The potential difference between copper and titanium in their galvanic couple can accelerate the initiation of pitting corrosion of copper, and both the minimum and maximum corrosion potentials of copper/ titanium GC are much more positive than those of pure copper.
引文
[1]GARNER F H,HALE A R.Corrosion in the petroleum industry part2[J].Anti-corrosion Methods and Materials,1955,2(6):177-181.
[2]SARVER E,EDWARDS M.Effects of flow,brass location,tube materials and temperature on corrosion of copper plumbing devices[J].Corrosion Science,2011,53(5):1813-1824.
[3]AI J Z,GUO X P,CHEN Z Y.The adsorption behavior and corrosion inhibition mechanism of anionic inhibitor on galvanic electrode in1%NaCl solution[J].Applied Surface Science,2006,253(2):683-688.
[4]RAHMAN A B M,KUMAR S,GERSON A R.Galvanic corrosion of laser weldments of AA6061 aluminum alloy[J].Corrosion Science,2007,49(12):4339-4351.
[5]VARELA F E,KURATA Y,SANADA N.The influence of temperature on the galvanic corrosion of a cast iron-stainless steel couple[J].Corrosion Science,1997,39(4):775-788.
[6]EL-DAHSHAN M E,SHAMS EL DIN A M,HAGGAG H H.Galvanic corrosion in the systems titanium/316L stainless steel/Al copper in Arabian water[J].Desalination,2002,142(2):161-169.
[7]DESHPANDE K B.Validated numerical modelling of galvanic corrosion for couples:Magnesium alloy(AE44)–mild steel and AE44–aluminium alloy(AA6063)in brine solution[J].Corrosion Science,2010,52(10):3514-3522.
[8]GLASS G K,ASHWORTH V.The corrosion behaviour of the zinc–mild steel galvanic cell in hot sodium bicarbonate solution[J].Corrosion Science,1985,25(11):971-983.
[9]PROSEK T,NAZAROV A,BEXELL U,THIERRY D,SERAK J.Corrosion mechanism of model zinc–magnesium alloys in atmospheric conditions[J].Corrosion Science,2008,50(8):2216-2231.
[10]YIN Z F,YAN M L,BAI Z Q,ZHAO W Z,ZHOU W J.Galvanic corrosion associated with SM 80SS steel and Ni-based alloy G3couples in NaCl solution[J].Electrochimica Acta,2008,53(22):6285-6292.
[11]ZHANG Da-lei,WANG Wei,LI Yan.An electrode array study of electrochemical inhomogeneity of zinc in zinc/steel couple during galvanic corrosion[J].Corrosion Science,2010,52(4):1277-1284.
[12]ARRABAL R,PARDO A,MERINO M C,MOHEDANO M,CASAJúS P,MERINO S.Al/SiC thermal spray coatings for corrosion protection of Mg–Al alloys in humid and saline environments[J].Surface and Coating Technology,2010,204(16-17):2767-2774.
[13]GROSGOGEAT B,RECLARU L,LISSAC M,DALARD F.Measurement and evaluation of galvanic corrosion between titanium/Ti6Al4V implants and dental alloy by electrochemical techniques and auger spectrometry[J].Biomaterials,1999,20(10):933-941.
[14]SáNCHEZ-TOVAR R,MONTANES M T,GARCíA-ANTóN J.The effect of temperature on the galvanic corrosion of the copper/AISI304 pair in LiBr solutions under hydrodynamic conditions[J].Corrosion Science,2010,52(3):722-733.
[15]DONG C F,XIAO K,LI X G,CHENG Y F.Galvanic corrosion of a carbon steel-stainless steel couple in sulfide solutions[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2011,20(9):1631-1637.
[16]BLASCO-TAMARIT E,IGUAL-MUNOZ A,GARCIA ANTON J.Effect of temperature on the galvanic corrosion of a high alloyed austenitic stainless steel in its welded and non-welded condition in LiBr solutions[J].Corrosion Science,2007,49(12):4472-4490.
[17]BAKHTARI A,BRADLEY T G,LOBB W K,BERZINS D W.Galvanic corrosion between various combinations of orthodontic brackets and archwires[J].American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,2011,140(1):25-31.
[18]AL-HOSSAIN H I,SABER T M H,MOHAMMED R A,SHAMS EL DIN A M.Galvanic corrosion of copper-base alloy in contact with molybdenum-containing stainless steels in Arabian gulf water[J].Desalination,1997,109(1):25-37.
[19]BLASCO-TAMARIT E,IGUAL-MUNOZ A,GARCíA ANTóN J,GARCíA-GARCíA D.Comparison between open circuit and imposed potential measurements to evaluate the effect of temperature on galvanic corrosion of the pair alloy 31–welded alloy 31 in LiBr solutions[J].Corrosion Science,2010,50(12):3590-3598.
[20]DONG C F,XIAO K,LI X G,CHENG Y Z.Erosion accelerated corrosion of a carbon steel–stainless steel galvanic couple in a chloride solution[J].Wear,2010,270(1-2):39-45.
[21]SOUTO R M,GONZáLEZ-GARCI Y,BASTOS A C,SIMōES A M.Investigating corrosion processes in the micrometric range:A SVET study of the galvanic corrosion of zinc coupled with iron[J].Corrosion Science,2007,49(12):4568-4580.
[22]GUINON-PINA V,IGUAL-MUNOZ A,GARCíA-ANTóN J.Influence of pH on the electrochemical behaviour of a duplex stainless steel in highly concentrated LiBr solutions[J].Corrosion Science,2011,53:575-581.
[23]SONG G,JOHANNESSON B,HAPUGODA S,STJHON D.Galvanic corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ91D in contact with an aluminium alloy,steel and zinc[J].Corrosion Science,2004,46(2):955-977.
[24]ARYA C,VASSIE P R W.Influence of cathode-to-anode area ratio and separation distance on galvanic corrosion currents of steel in concrete containing chlorides[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1995,25(5):989-998.
[25]ZHANG P,NIE X,NORTHWOOD D O.Influence of coating thickness on the galvanic corrosion properties of Mg oxide in an engine coolant[J].Surface and Coating Technology,2009,203(20-21):3271-3277.
[26]LIU C,CHEN D L,BHOLE S,CAO X,JAHAZI M.Polishing-assisted galvanic corrosion in the dissimilar friction stir welded joint of AZ31 magnesium alloy to 2024 aluminum alloy[J].Materials Characterization,2009,60(5):370-376.
[27]DING H,HIHARA L H.Electrochemical examinations on the corrosion behavior of boron carbide reinforced aluminum-matrix composites[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2011,158(5):118-124.
[28]ABREU C M,CRISTóBAL M J,MONTEMOR M F,NóVOA X R,PENA G,PéREZ M C.Galvanic coupling between carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel in alkaline media[J].Electrochimica Acta,2002,47(13-14):2271-2279.
[29]BLASCO-TAMARIT E,IGUAL-MUNOZ A,GARCíA ANTóN J,GARCíA-GARCíA D M.Galvanic corrosion of titanium coupled to welded titanium in LiBr solutions at different temperatures[J].Corrosion Science,2009,59(5):1095-1102.
[30]van der WEIJDE D H,van WESTING E P M,de WIT J H W.Electrochemical techniques for delamination studies[J].Corrosion Science,1994,36(4):643-652.
[31]CAMPESTRINI P,van WESTING E P M,de WIT J H W.Influence of surface preparation on performance of chromate conversion coatings on Alclad 2024 aluminium alloy Part I:Nucleation and growth[J].Electrochimica Acta,2001,46(16):2553-2571.
[32]WU C S,ZHANG Z,CAO F H,ZHANG L J,ZHANG J Q,CAO C N.Study on the anodizing of AZ31 magnesium alloys in alkaline borate solutions[J].Applied Surface Science,2007,253(8):3893-3898.
[33]MARTIN B,IVA B,CHRISTINA LI.A mechanism of interaction of copper with a deoxygenated neutral aqueous solution[J].Corrosion Science,2010,52(9):2917-2927.
[34]PROTOPOPOFF E,MARCUS P.Potential–pH diagrams for sulfur an hydroxyl adsorbed on copper surfaces in water containing sulfides,sulfites or thiosulfates[J].Corrosion Science,2003,45(6):1191-1201.
[35]WERME L O,KORZHAVYI P A.Comment on Hultquist et al.Water corrodes copper[J].Catalysis Letters,2010,135(3-4):165-166.
[36]NUNEZ L,REGUERA E,CORVO F,GONZALEZ E,VAZQUEZ C.Corrosion of copper in seawater and its aerosols in a tropical island[J].Corrosion Science,2005,47(2):461-484.
[37]FANG Da-jing,MAO Xu-hui,ZHANG Ye-ming,CHEN Zhi-liang,LIU Min,GAN Fu-xing.Preparation of non-chromium polymer films on zinc for corrosion protection due to a compound effect between silane and cerium salt[J].Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials,2009,56(4):226-231.
[38]LAFRONTA A M,SAFIZADEHA F,GHALI E,HOULACHI G.Study of the copper anode passivation by electrochemical noise analysis using spectral and wavelet transforms[J].Electrochimica Acta,2010,55(7):2505-2512.
[39]CAO Chu-nan.The principles of corrosion electrochemistry[M].Beijing:Chemistry Industry Press,1987:328-333.(in Chinese)
[40]SEARSON P C,DAWSON J L.Analysis of electrochemical noise generated by corroding electrodes under open-circuit conditions[J].Journal of Electeochemical Society,1988,135(8):1908-1915.
[41]FLIS J,DAWSON J L,GILL J,WOOD G C.Impedance and electrochemical noise measurements on iron and iron-carbon alloys in hot caustic soda[J].Corrosion Science,1991,32(8):877-892.
[42]HLADKY K,DAWSON J L.The measurement of corrosion using electrochemical 1/f noise[J].Corrosion Science,1982,22(3):231-237.
[43]MANSFELD F,XIAO H.Electrochemical noise analysis of iron exposed to NaCl solutions of different corrosivity[J].Journal of Electrochemistry Society,1993,140(8):2205-2209.
[44]SHI Yan-yan,ZHANG Zhao,SU Jing-xin,CAO Fa-he,ZHANG Jian-qing.Electrochemical noise study on 2024-T3 aluminum alloy corrosion in simulated acid rain under cyclic wet–dry condition[J].Electrochimica Acta,2006,51(23):4977-4986.
[45]KUPHASUK C,OSHIDA Y,ANDRES C J,HOVIJITRA S T,BARCO M T,BROWN D T.Electrochemical corrosion of titanium and titanium-based alloys[J].Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry,2001,85(2):195-202.
[46]LU Q,ALBERCH J,HASHIMOTO T,GARCIA-VERGARA S J,HABAZAKI H,SKELDON P,THOMPSON G E.Porous anodic oxides on titanium and on a Ti-W alloy[J].Corrosion Science,2008,50(2):548-553.
[47]MAUNO H,KIINIINEN O,LAVONIUS EEVA T,KIVILAHTI JORMA K.SEM observations on stress corrosion cracking of commercially pure titanium in a topical fluoride solution[J].Dental Materials,1995,11(4):269-272.
[48]AI J Z,GUO X P,CHEN Z Y.The adsorption behavior and corrosion inhibition mechanism of anionic inhibitor on galvanic electrode in 1%NaCl solution[J].Applied Surface Science,2006,253(2):683-688.
[49]SHI Yan-yan.The electrochemical studies of atmospheric corrosion of typical metals[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008:66-79.(in Chinese)
[50]CHENG Ying-liang.The electrochemical studies of aluminum alloy in bulk solution or in thin electrolyte layers[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2003:43-52.(in Chinese)
[2]SARVER E,EDWARDS M.Effects of flow,brass location,tube materials and temperature on corrosion of copper plumbing devices[J].Corrosion Science,2011,53(5):1813-1824.
[3]AI J Z,GUO X P,CHEN Z Y.The adsorption behavior and corrosion inhibition mechanism of anionic inhibitor on galvanic electrode in1%NaCl solution[J].Applied Surface Science,2006,253(2):683-688.
[4]RAHMAN A B M,KUMAR S,GERSON A R.Galvanic corrosion of laser weldments of AA6061 aluminum alloy[J].Corrosion Science,2007,49(12):4339-4351.
[5]VARELA F E,KURATA Y,SANADA N.The influence of temperature on the galvanic corrosion of a cast iron-stainless steel couple[J].Corrosion Science,1997,39(4):775-788.
[6]EL-DAHSHAN M E,SHAMS EL DIN A M,HAGGAG H H.Galvanic corrosion in the systems titanium/316L stainless steel/Al copper in Arabian water[J].Desalination,2002,142(2):161-169.
[7]DESHPANDE K B.Validated numerical modelling of galvanic corrosion for couples:Magnesium alloy(AE44)–mild steel and AE44–aluminium alloy(AA6063)in brine solution[J].Corrosion Science,2010,52(10):3514-3522.
[8]GLASS G K,ASHWORTH V.The corrosion behaviour of the zinc–mild steel galvanic cell in hot sodium bicarbonate solution[J].Corrosion Science,1985,25(11):971-983.
[9]PROSEK T,NAZAROV A,BEXELL U,THIERRY D,SERAK J.Corrosion mechanism of model zinc–magnesium alloys in atmospheric conditions[J].Corrosion Science,2008,50(8):2216-2231.
[10]YIN Z F,YAN M L,BAI Z Q,ZHAO W Z,ZHOU W J.Galvanic corrosion associated with SM 80SS steel and Ni-based alloy G3couples in NaCl solution[J].Electrochimica Acta,2008,53(22):6285-6292.
[11]ZHANG Da-lei,WANG Wei,LI Yan.An electrode array study of electrochemical inhomogeneity of zinc in zinc/steel couple during galvanic corrosion[J].Corrosion Science,2010,52(4):1277-1284.
[12]ARRABAL R,PARDO A,MERINO M C,MOHEDANO M,CASAJúS P,MERINO S.Al/SiC thermal spray coatings for corrosion protection of Mg–Al alloys in humid and saline environments[J].Surface and Coating Technology,2010,204(16-17):2767-2774.
[13]GROSGOGEAT B,RECLARU L,LISSAC M,DALARD F.Measurement and evaluation of galvanic corrosion between titanium/Ti6Al4V implants and dental alloy by electrochemical techniques and auger spectrometry[J].Biomaterials,1999,20(10):933-941.
[14]SáNCHEZ-TOVAR R,MONTANES M T,GARCíA-ANTóN J.The effect of temperature on the galvanic corrosion of the copper/AISI304 pair in LiBr solutions under hydrodynamic conditions[J].Corrosion Science,2010,52(3):722-733.
[15]DONG C F,XIAO K,LI X G,CHENG Y F.Galvanic corrosion of a carbon steel-stainless steel couple in sulfide solutions[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2011,20(9):1631-1637.
[16]BLASCO-TAMARIT E,IGUAL-MUNOZ A,GARCIA ANTON J.Effect of temperature on the galvanic corrosion of a high alloyed austenitic stainless steel in its welded and non-welded condition in LiBr solutions[J].Corrosion Science,2007,49(12):4472-4490.
[17]BAKHTARI A,BRADLEY T G,LOBB W K,BERZINS D W.Galvanic corrosion between various combinations of orthodontic brackets and archwires[J].American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,2011,140(1):25-31.
[18]AL-HOSSAIN H I,SABER T M H,MOHAMMED R A,SHAMS EL DIN A M.Galvanic corrosion of copper-base alloy in contact with molybdenum-containing stainless steels in Arabian gulf water[J].Desalination,1997,109(1):25-37.
[19]BLASCO-TAMARIT E,IGUAL-MUNOZ A,GARCíA ANTóN J,GARCíA-GARCíA D.Comparison between open circuit and imposed potential measurements to evaluate the effect of temperature on galvanic corrosion of the pair alloy 31–welded alloy 31 in LiBr solutions[J].Corrosion Science,2010,50(12):3590-3598.
[20]DONG C F,XIAO K,LI X G,CHENG Y Z.Erosion accelerated corrosion of a carbon steel–stainless steel galvanic couple in a chloride solution[J].Wear,2010,270(1-2):39-45.
[21]SOUTO R M,GONZáLEZ-GARCI Y,BASTOS A C,SIMōES A M.Investigating corrosion processes in the micrometric range:A SVET study of the galvanic corrosion of zinc coupled with iron[J].Corrosion Science,2007,49(12):4568-4580.
[22]GUINON-PINA V,IGUAL-MUNOZ A,GARCíA-ANTóN J.Influence of pH on the electrochemical behaviour of a duplex stainless steel in highly concentrated LiBr solutions[J].Corrosion Science,2011,53:575-581.
[23]SONG G,JOHANNESSON B,HAPUGODA S,STJHON D.Galvanic corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ91D in contact with an aluminium alloy,steel and zinc[J].Corrosion Science,2004,46(2):955-977.
[24]ARYA C,VASSIE P R W.Influence of cathode-to-anode area ratio and separation distance on galvanic corrosion currents of steel in concrete containing chlorides[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1995,25(5):989-998.
[25]ZHANG P,NIE X,NORTHWOOD D O.Influence of coating thickness on the galvanic corrosion properties of Mg oxide in an engine coolant[J].Surface and Coating Technology,2009,203(20-21):3271-3277.
[26]LIU C,CHEN D L,BHOLE S,CAO X,JAHAZI M.Polishing-assisted galvanic corrosion in the dissimilar friction stir welded joint of AZ31 magnesium alloy to 2024 aluminum alloy[J].Materials Characterization,2009,60(5):370-376.
[27]DING H,HIHARA L H.Electrochemical examinations on the corrosion behavior of boron carbide reinforced aluminum-matrix composites[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2011,158(5):118-124.
[28]ABREU C M,CRISTóBAL M J,MONTEMOR M F,NóVOA X R,PENA G,PéREZ M C.Galvanic coupling between carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel in alkaline media[J].Electrochimica Acta,2002,47(13-14):2271-2279.
[29]BLASCO-TAMARIT E,IGUAL-MUNOZ A,GARCíA ANTóN J,GARCíA-GARCíA D M.Galvanic corrosion of titanium coupled to welded titanium in LiBr solutions at different temperatures[J].Corrosion Science,2009,59(5):1095-1102.
[30]van der WEIJDE D H,van WESTING E P M,de WIT J H W.Electrochemical techniques for delamination studies[J].Corrosion Science,1994,36(4):643-652.
[31]CAMPESTRINI P,van WESTING E P M,de WIT J H W.Influence of surface preparation on performance of chromate conversion coatings on Alclad 2024 aluminium alloy Part I:Nucleation and growth[J].Electrochimica Acta,2001,46(16):2553-2571.
[32]WU C S,ZHANG Z,CAO F H,ZHANG L J,ZHANG J Q,CAO C N.Study on the anodizing of AZ31 magnesium alloys in alkaline borate solutions[J].Applied Surface Science,2007,253(8):3893-3898.
[33]MARTIN B,IVA B,CHRISTINA LI.A mechanism of interaction of copper with a deoxygenated neutral aqueous solution[J].Corrosion Science,2010,52(9):2917-2927.
[34]PROTOPOPOFF E,MARCUS P.Potential–pH diagrams for sulfur an hydroxyl adsorbed on copper surfaces in water containing sulfides,sulfites or thiosulfates[J].Corrosion Science,2003,45(6):1191-1201.
[35]WERME L O,KORZHAVYI P A.Comment on Hultquist et al.Water corrodes copper[J].Catalysis Letters,2010,135(3-4):165-166.
[36]NUNEZ L,REGUERA E,CORVO F,GONZALEZ E,VAZQUEZ C.Corrosion of copper in seawater and its aerosols in a tropical island[J].Corrosion Science,2005,47(2):461-484.
[37]FANG Da-jing,MAO Xu-hui,ZHANG Ye-ming,CHEN Zhi-liang,LIU Min,GAN Fu-xing.Preparation of non-chromium polymer films on zinc for corrosion protection due to a compound effect between silane and cerium salt[J].Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials,2009,56(4):226-231.
[38]LAFRONTA A M,SAFIZADEHA F,GHALI E,HOULACHI G.Study of the copper anode passivation by electrochemical noise analysis using spectral and wavelet transforms[J].Electrochimica Acta,2010,55(7):2505-2512.
[39]CAO Chu-nan.The principles of corrosion electrochemistry[M].Beijing:Chemistry Industry Press,1987:328-333.(in Chinese)
[40]SEARSON P C,DAWSON J L.Analysis of electrochemical noise generated by corroding electrodes under open-circuit conditions[J].Journal of Electeochemical Society,1988,135(8):1908-1915.
[41]FLIS J,DAWSON J L,GILL J,WOOD G C.Impedance and electrochemical noise measurements on iron and iron-carbon alloys in hot caustic soda[J].Corrosion Science,1991,32(8):877-892.
[42]HLADKY K,DAWSON J L.The measurement of corrosion using electrochemical 1/f noise[J].Corrosion Science,1982,22(3):231-237.
[43]MANSFELD F,XIAO H.Electrochemical noise analysis of iron exposed to NaCl solutions of different corrosivity[J].Journal of Electrochemistry Society,1993,140(8):2205-2209.
[44]SHI Yan-yan,ZHANG Zhao,SU Jing-xin,CAO Fa-he,ZHANG Jian-qing.Electrochemical noise study on 2024-T3 aluminum alloy corrosion in simulated acid rain under cyclic wet–dry condition[J].Electrochimica Acta,2006,51(23):4977-4986.
[45]KUPHASUK C,OSHIDA Y,ANDRES C J,HOVIJITRA S T,BARCO M T,BROWN D T.Electrochemical corrosion of titanium and titanium-based alloys[J].Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry,2001,85(2):195-202.
[46]LU Q,ALBERCH J,HASHIMOTO T,GARCIA-VERGARA S J,HABAZAKI H,SKELDON P,THOMPSON G E.Porous anodic oxides on titanium and on a Ti-W alloy[J].Corrosion Science,2008,50(2):548-553.
[47]MAUNO H,KIINIINEN O,LAVONIUS EEVA T,KIVILAHTI JORMA K.SEM observations on stress corrosion cracking of commercially pure titanium in a topical fluoride solution[J].Dental Materials,1995,11(4):269-272.
[48]AI J Z,GUO X P,CHEN Z Y.The adsorption behavior and corrosion inhibition mechanism of anionic inhibitor on galvanic electrode in 1%NaCl solution[J].Applied Surface Science,2006,253(2):683-688.
[49]SHI Yan-yan.The electrochemical studies of atmospheric corrosion of typical metals[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008:66-79.(in Chinese)
[50]CHENG Ying-liang.The electrochemical studies of aluminum alloy in bulk solution or in thin electrolyte layers[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2003:43-52.(in Chinese)