不同楼梯布局条件下行人疏散效果仿真研究
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摘要
为研究不同楼梯类型的行人疏散效果,改进传统社会力模型,模拟4种常见梯形中行人的疏散过程,并通过总疏散时间和平均疏散速度指标以及微观速度密度分布图分析其疏散效果中存在的内在物理机制。研究表明:从安全和高效疏散角度上看,在限定空间中,单跑无平台梯形布局有利于低密度人群下人员的快速疏散;在中、高密度人群中,双分梯形的分流特点更有利于人员安全、快速疏散。从微观密度、速度分布图可看到这4种梯形在人员疏散过程中均易造成人员聚集拥堵,但发生事故风险的位置不同。单跑有、无平台梯形在楼梯上端和下端均易发生拥堵,且此时速度值大,发生事故的风险高;双分与双跑梯形在楼梯与平台的转角处易发生拥堵。
In order to study the pedestrian evacuation effect of different types of,the traditional social force model is improved,and the evacuations process of pedestrian in four common staircase are simulated. The intrinsic physical mechanism on evacuation effect which exists in the four types of is analyzed by means of the index of total evacuation time and average evacuation velocity,as well as the microscopic velocity and density distribution map. The results show that from the perspective of safety and efficient evacuation,in the limited space,the single-run,platform-free trapezoidal layout is conductive to the rapid evacuation of personnel in low-density populations. In the case of medium-density and high-density population,the double-divided trapezoidal shunting feature is more conducive to personnel safety and rapid evacuation. It can be seen from micro-density and velocity distribution map that these four kinds of staircase are easy to cause people to gather and congest during the evacuation process,but the location of the accidents risk is different. Single-run and no-platform staircase are prone to congestion at the upper and lower ends of the,and the speed value is large at this time,and the risk of accidents is high; the double-divided and double-run staircase are prone to congestion at the corners of the and the platform.
In order to study the pedestrian evacuation effect of different types of,the traditional social force model is improved,and the evacuations process of pedestrian in four common staircase are simulated. The intrinsic physical mechanism on evacuation effect which exists in the four types of is analyzed by means of the index of total evacuation time and average evacuation velocity,as well as the microscopic velocity and density distribution map. The results show that from the perspective of safety and efficient evacuation,in the limited space,the single-run,platform-free trapezoidal layout is conductive to the rapid evacuation of personnel in low-density populations. In the case of medium-density and high-density population,the double-divided trapezoidal shunting feature is more conducive to personnel safety and rapid evacuation. It can be seen from micro-density and velocity distribution map that these four kinds of staircase are easy to cause people to gather and congest during the evacuation process,but the location of the accidents risk is different. Single-run and no-platform staircase are prone to congestion at the upper and lower ends of the,and the speed value is large at this time,and the risk of accidents is high; the double-divided and double-run staircase are prone to congestion at the corners of the and the platform.
引文
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[2]王鲁毫,翁文国.楼梯疏散三维建模的改进社会力模型[J].消防科学与技术,2016,35(7):930-935.WANG Luhao,WENG Wenguo,An improved social force model for three-dimensional evacuation simulation in stairway[J].Journal of Fire Science and Technology,2016,35(7):930-935.
[3]HELBING D,FARKAS I,VICSEK T.Simulating dynamical features of escape panic[J].Nature,2000,407(6803):487-490.
[4]KIRCHNER A,SCHADSCHNEIDER A.Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics[J].Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,2002,312(1-2):260-276.
[5]HELBING D,ISOBER D,NAGATANI T.et al.Lattice gas simulation of experimentally studied evacuation dynamics[J].Phys Rev E,2003,67(6):067101.
[6]SEYFRIED A,STEFFEN B,LIPPERT T.Basics of modelling the pedestrian flow[J].Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,2006,368(1):232-238.
[7]WU W,HUANG J,GUO Z L,et al.Evacuation simulation in the narrow stair with revised social force model[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013,409-410:1577-1582.
[8]李娟,庞俊恒.阶梯路段的行人社会力模型改进[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2016,14(1):13-18.LI Juan,PANG Junheng.Improvement of pedestrian social force model for ladder section[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information,2016,14(1):13-18.
[9]AFIFI M,PARKE B,AL-HUSSEIN M.Integrated approach for older adult friendly home staircase architectural design[J].Automation in Construction,2014,39:117-125.
[10]丁元春.高层建筑人群垂直疏散特性与疏散策略计算机仿真研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2014.
[11]郭晓明.建筑若干典型区域的人员疏散规律及疏散策略优化研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2017.
[12]艾思平.多层住宅双跑楼梯设计中几个问题的探讨和研究[J].南阳理工学院学报,2011,3(2):71-74.AI Siping.Several problems in the double run stair design of multilayer residence[J].Journal of Nanyang Institute of Technology,2011,3(2):71-74.
[13]QU Yunchao,GAO Ziyou,YAO Xiao,et al.Modeling the pedestrian’s movement and simulating evacuation dynamics on stairs[J].Safety Science,2014,70:189-201.