基于Kalman-BP融合的南水北调高填方渠道渗漏监测模型研究
|
摘要
针对目前南水北调中线工程高填方渠道渗漏监测设备综合误差大、不能监测渠道断面间渗漏等问题,设计了可用于高填方渠道渗漏的可移动无损监测系统,建立了高填方渠道渗漏状态监测的Kalman-BP融合模型。首先构建一种基于无线传感网的多区域渗漏信息检测平台,将传感器设计成便携式可移动的锥形设备,对渗漏区域的温湿度、土壤含水率、GPS位置信息以及渗流等信息进行实时采集,再通过ZigBee和GPRS将多传感器信息进行无线传输;并结合流场渗漏检测方法,通过试验模型筛选出与高填方渠道渗流相关的特征变量;使用卡尔曼(kalman)算法对关联的物理变量进行滤波和估值;最后将多传感器数据通过BP神经网络进行渗漏状态模式识别,实现渗漏的状态预测,确定坡面渗漏安全级别。试验结果表明,基于Kalman-BP融合模型的高填方渠道渗漏监测模型识别误差较小,达到能在整体上实时监测高填方渠段的渗流状态,可实现南水北调中线工程高填方渠道断面间的坡面渗流非破坏性在线监测功能。
To solve the problems of the leakage monitoring equipment for high-filled canals in producing large comprehensive error and being unable to monitor the seepage between canal sections,we designed a movable and non-destructive leakage monitoring system for the high-filled canal of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and established a fusion model based on Kalman-BP for leakage monitoring of high-filled canals.Firstly,we constructed a multi-zone leakage information detection platform based on wireless sensor network,and we designed the sensors as portable and movable cone devices that can be inserted into the soil.The information of temperature,humidity,soil water content,seepage,and GPS location was collected in real time and then was transmitted wirelessly through the ZigBee and GPRS.Using the flow field leakage detection method,we selected the characteristic variables that were relevant to high-filled canal leakage through the experimental model.Then,we used Kalman algorithm to filter and valuate the associated physical variables.Finally,we submitted the multi-sensor data to the BP neural network for leakage state pattern recognition and realized the prediction of slope leakage state and determined the safety level of slope leakage.The experimental results showed that the Kalman-BP fusion model has smaller error in recognizing the leakage of the high-fill canal,and can monitor in real time the leakage state between the canal sections.It can realize non-destructive online monitoring of the slope seepage of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.
To solve the problems of the leakage monitoring equipment for high-filled canals in producing large comprehensive error and being unable to monitor the seepage between canal sections,we designed a movable and non-destructive leakage monitoring system for the high-filled canal of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and established a fusion model based on Kalman-BP for leakage monitoring of high-filled canals.Firstly,we constructed a multi-zone leakage information detection platform based on wireless sensor network,and we designed the sensors as portable and movable cone devices that can be inserted into the soil.The information of temperature,humidity,soil water content,seepage,and GPS location was collected in real time and then was transmitted wirelessly through the ZigBee and GPRS.Using the flow field leakage detection method,we selected the characteristic variables that were relevant to high-filled canal leakage through the experimental model.Then,we used Kalman algorithm to filter and valuate the associated physical variables.Finally,we submitted the multi-sensor data to the BP neural network for leakage state pattern recognition and realized the prediction of slope leakage state and determined the safety level of slope leakage.The experimental results showed that the Kalman-BP fusion model has smaller error in recognizing the leakage of the high-fill canal,and can monitor in real time the leakage state between the canal sections.It can realize non-destructive online monitoring of the slope seepage of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.
引文
[1]汪易森.南水北调中线工程几个技术问题的解决与思考[J].水利水电技术,2015,46(6):79-86.(WANG Y S.Consideration and solution of several technical problems of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2015,46(6):79-86.(in Chinese))DOI:1000-0860(2015)06-0079-08.
[2]李斌,杨斌,韦国虎,等.碾压施工质量实时监控系统在南水北调工程中的应用[J].南水北调与水利科技,2012,10(2):30-33.(LI B,YANG B,WEI G H,et al.Application of real-time monitoring system of roller compaction construction quality in South-to-North Water diversion project[J].South-to-North Water diversion and Water Science&Technology,2012,10(2):30-33.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.I.1201.2012.02030.
[3]屈志刚,申黎平,李明新,等.南水北调中线工程高填方渠道加强措施探讨[J].人民长江,2013,44(16):63-66.(QU Z G,SHEN L P,LI M X,et al.Effective reinforcement measures for high-filled canal of Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion[J].Yangtze River,2013,44(16):63-66.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16232/j.cnki.1001-179.2013.16.025.
[4]崔岗,陈俊生,王丽丽.南水北调高填方段渗流监测设计方案[J].西部探矿工程,2013,25(2):39-41.(CU G,CHEN J S,WANG L L.Design scheme of seepage monitoring in high fill segment of South-to-North Water Transfer Project[J].Western Exploration Engineering,2013,25(2):39-41.(in Chinese))DOI:1004-5716(2013)02-0039-0.
[5]赵逊,兰卿良,王永亮.南水北调中线工程安全监测专业化管理研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2008,6(1):334-336.(ZHAOX,LAN Q L,WANG Y L.Study on specialized management to engineering safety monitoring in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J].South-to-North Water Diversion and Water Science&Technology,2008,6(1):334-336.In Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2008.01.085.
[6]吴少华,焦康,薛伟.南水北调中线干线工程安全监测自动化系统[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(9):140-143.(WU S H,JIAOK,XUE W.A simple analysis of the monitoring automation system of South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project safety[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2012(9):140-143.(in Chinese))DOI:1007-2284(2012)09-0140-04.
[7]陈俊生,刘春征.南水北调中线一期工程总干渠第Ⅳ渠段第4设计单元安全监测设计[J].西北水电,2011(B09):15-18.(CHEN J S,LIU C Z.Safety monitor design of the fourth unit of Huanghebei-Youhebei section of the middle route of southto-north water diverion project.[J].Northwest Hydropower,2011(B09):15-18.(in Chinese))DOI:1006-2610(2011)D1-0015-04.
[8]蔡运胜,张宝华.几种电法仪器在地质勘查中的应用[J].地质与勘探,2006,42(5):72-78.(CAI Y S,ZHANG B H.The application of a few electrical method instruments in geologic prospecting[J].Geology and Prospecting,2006,42(5):72-78.(in Chinese))DOI:0495-5331(2006)05-0072-07.
[9]胡雄武,张平松,江晓益.并行电法在快速检测水坝渗漏通道中的应用[J].水利水电技术,2012,43(11):51-54.(HU X W,ZHANG P S,JIANG X Y.Application of parallel electric survey to quick detection of seepage passage through reservoir dam[J].Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering,2012,43(11):51-54.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2012.11.016.
[10]马若龙,毋光荣,周锡芳.高密度电法和自然电位法在某水库大坝渗漏探测中的应用[J].大坝与安全,2015(6):55-58.(MA R L,WU G R,ZHOU X F.Application of high-density resistivity method and spontaneous electric field method in leakage detection of a dam[J].Dam and Safety,2015(6):55-58.(in Chinese))DOI:1671-1092(2015)06-0055-04.
[11]蒋力,周柏兵,徐国龙,等.基于分布式光纤技术的渗流监测试验探论[J].大坝与安全,2015(5):32-36.(JIANG L,ZHOUB B,XU G L,et al.Research of seepage monitoring test based on distributed optical fiber temperature sensing technology[J].Dam and Safety.2015(5):32-36.(in Chinese))DOI:1671-1092(2015)05-0032-05.
[12]唐智德,王绍旭,文春龙.青狮潭水库大坝渗漏观测分析及评价[J].2016,(11):107-111.(TANG Z D,WANG S X,WENC L.Analysis and evaluation of dam leakage in Qingshitan Reservoir[J].Water Resources Planning and Design,2016,(11):107-111.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2469.2016.I 1.035.
[13]付长静,李国英,陈亮,等.利用温度场计算渗透流速的数学模型[J].水利水运工程学报,2015(6):88-93.(FU C J,LI GY,CHEN L,et al.A mathematical model for calculating penetration velocity using temperature field[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2015(6):88-93.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16198/j.cnki.1009-640X.2015.06.013.
[14]张茜,陈建生,董海洲,等.示踪法测定井中渗透流速的广义稀释模型研究[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(10):126-130.(ZHANG X,CHEN J S,DONG H Z.Research for determining permeability velocity in wells in generalized dilution moedl by tracer method[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute.2016,33(10):126-130.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11988/ckyyb.20150662.
[15]HIMI M,CASADO I,SENDROS A,et al.Using the resistivity method for leakage detection at sant lloren de montgai embankment(Lleida,NE Spain)[C]//Near Surface Geoscience2016-22nd European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics,2016.DOI:10.3997/2214-4609.201601925.
[16]KHALEGHI B,KHAMIS A,KARRAY F O,et al.Multisensor data fusion:A review of the state-of-the-art[J].Information Fusion,2013,14(1):28-44.DOI:10.1016/j.inffus.2011.08.001.
[17]SHIVASHANKARAPPA N,ADIGA S,AVINASH R A,et al.Kalman filter based multiple sensor data fusion in systems with time delayed state[C]//Signal Processing and Integrated Networks(SPIN),2016 3rd International Conference on.IEEE,2016:375-382.DOI:10.1109/SPIN.2016.7566723.
[18]汪华斌,徐瑞春.神经网络在鱼洞河滑坡稳定性评价中的应用[J].长江科学院院报,2002,19(4):62-65.(WANG H B,XUR C.Application of BP artificial neutral network son stability evaluation of Yudongde landslide[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2002,19(4):62-65.In Chinese))DOI:1001-5485(2002)04-0062-03.
[19]刘佳佳,彭鹏.基于Kalman滤波融合算法的某坝基水平位移分析[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2010,31(3):110-114.(LIU J J,PENG P.Analysis of dam foundation horizontal displacement based on kalman filter fusion algorithm[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University(Science Engineering Science),2010,31(3):110-114.(in Chinese))DOI:1671-6833(2010)03-0110-05.
[20]SISWANTORO J,PRABUWONO A S,ABDULLAH A,et al.A linear model based on Kalman filter for improving neural network classification performance[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2016,49:112-122.(in Chinese))DOI:10.1016/j.eswa.2015.12.012.
[21]蒋恩松,李孟超,孙刘杰.一种基于神经网络的卡尔曼滤波改进方法[J].电子与信息学报,2007,29(9):4-6.(JIANG E S,LI M C,SUN L J.An improved method of kalman filter based on neural network[J].Journal of Electronics and Information Technology,2007,29(9):4-6.(in Chinese))DOI:1009-589 6(2007)09-2073-04.
[22]HE W,WILLIARD N,CHEN C,et al.State of charge estimation for Li-ion batteries using neural network modeling and unscented Kalman filter-based error cancellation[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2014,62:783-791.DOI:10.016/j.ijepes.2014.04.059.
[23]陈善广,鲍勇.BP神经网络学习算法研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,1995,3(4):437-442.(CHEN S G,BAO Y.Studies on learning algorithms for BP Net[J].Journal of Basic Scienceand Engineering,1995,3(4):437-442.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16058/j.issn.1005-0930.1995.04.012.
[24]张群,许强,吴礼舟,等.南江滑坡群体积的BP神经网络模型与预测[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(1):134-139.(ZHANG Q,XU Q,WU L Z,et al.BP neural network model for forecasting volume of landslide group in Nanjing[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology 2015,42(1):134-139.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2015.01.23.
[25]李朋丽,田伟平,李家春.基于BP神经网络的滑坡稳定性分析[J].广西大学学报,2013,38(4):905-911.(LI P L,TIANW P,LI J C.Analysis of landslide stability based on BP neural[J].Journal of Guangxi University,2013,38(4):905-911.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13624/j.cnki.issn.1001-7445.2013.04.003.
[2]李斌,杨斌,韦国虎,等.碾压施工质量实时监控系统在南水北调工程中的应用[J].南水北调与水利科技,2012,10(2):30-33.(LI B,YANG B,WEI G H,et al.Application of real-time monitoring system of roller compaction construction quality in South-to-North Water diversion project[J].South-to-North Water diversion and Water Science&Technology,2012,10(2):30-33.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3724/SP.I.1201.2012.02030.
[3]屈志刚,申黎平,李明新,等.南水北调中线工程高填方渠道加强措施探讨[J].人民长江,2013,44(16):63-66.(QU Z G,SHEN L P,LI M X,et al.Effective reinforcement measures for high-filled canal of Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion[J].Yangtze River,2013,44(16):63-66.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16232/j.cnki.1001-179.2013.16.025.
[4]崔岗,陈俊生,王丽丽.南水北调高填方段渗流监测设计方案[J].西部探矿工程,2013,25(2):39-41.(CU G,CHEN J S,WANG L L.Design scheme of seepage monitoring in high fill segment of South-to-North Water Transfer Project[J].Western Exploration Engineering,2013,25(2):39-41.(in Chinese))DOI:1004-5716(2013)02-0039-0.
[5]赵逊,兰卿良,王永亮.南水北调中线工程安全监测专业化管理研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2008,6(1):334-336.(ZHAOX,LAN Q L,WANG Y L.Study on specialized management to engineering safety monitoring in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J].South-to-North Water Diversion and Water Science&Technology,2008,6(1):334-336.In Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2008.01.085.
[6]吴少华,焦康,薛伟.南水北调中线干线工程安全监测自动化系统[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(9):140-143.(WU S H,JIAOK,XUE W.A simple analysis of the monitoring automation system of South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project safety[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2012(9):140-143.(in Chinese))DOI:1007-2284(2012)09-0140-04.
[7]陈俊生,刘春征.南水北调中线一期工程总干渠第Ⅳ渠段第4设计单元安全监测设计[J].西北水电,2011(B09):15-18.(CHEN J S,LIU C Z.Safety monitor design of the fourth unit of Huanghebei-Youhebei section of the middle route of southto-north water diverion project.[J].Northwest Hydropower,2011(B09):15-18.(in Chinese))DOI:1006-2610(2011)D1-0015-04.
[8]蔡运胜,张宝华.几种电法仪器在地质勘查中的应用[J].地质与勘探,2006,42(5):72-78.(CAI Y S,ZHANG B H.The application of a few electrical method instruments in geologic prospecting[J].Geology and Prospecting,2006,42(5):72-78.(in Chinese))DOI:0495-5331(2006)05-0072-07.
[9]胡雄武,张平松,江晓益.并行电法在快速检测水坝渗漏通道中的应用[J].水利水电技术,2012,43(11):51-54.(HU X W,ZHANG P S,JIANG X Y.Application of parallel electric survey to quick detection of seepage passage through reservoir dam[J].Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering,2012,43(11):51-54.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2012.11.016.
[10]马若龙,毋光荣,周锡芳.高密度电法和自然电位法在某水库大坝渗漏探测中的应用[J].大坝与安全,2015(6):55-58.(MA R L,WU G R,ZHOU X F.Application of high-density resistivity method and spontaneous electric field method in leakage detection of a dam[J].Dam and Safety,2015(6):55-58.(in Chinese))DOI:1671-1092(2015)06-0055-04.
[11]蒋力,周柏兵,徐国龙,等.基于分布式光纤技术的渗流监测试验探论[J].大坝与安全,2015(5):32-36.(JIANG L,ZHOUB B,XU G L,et al.Research of seepage monitoring test based on distributed optical fiber temperature sensing technology[J].Dam and Safety.2015(5):32-36.(in Chinese))DOI:1671-1092(2015)05-0032-05.
[12]唐智德,王绍旭,文春龙.青狮潭水库大坝渗漏观测分析及评价[J].2016,(11):107-111.(TANG Z D,WANG S X,WENC L.Analysis and evaluation of dam leakage in Qingshitan Reservoir[J].Water Resources Planning and Design,2016,(11):107-111.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2469.2016.I 1.035.
[13]付长静,李国英,陈亮,等.利用温度场计算渗透流速的数学模型[J].水利水运工程学报,2015(6):88-93.(FU C J,LI GY,CHEN L,et al.A mathematical model for calculating penetration velocity using temperature field[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2015(6):88-93.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16198/j.cnki.1009-640X.2015.06.013.
[14]张茜,陈建生,董海洲,等.示踪法测定井中渗透流速的广义稀释模型研究[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(10):126-130.(ZHANG X,CHEN J S,DONG H Z.Research for determining permeability velocity in wells in generalized dilution moedl by tracer method[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute.2016,33(10):126-130.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11988/ckyyb.20150662.
[15]HIMI M,CASADO I,SENDROS A,et al.Using the resistivity method for leakage detection at sant lloren de montgai embankment(Lleida,NE Spain)[C]//Near Surface Geoscience2016-22nd European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics,2016.DOI:10.3997/2214-4609.201601925.
[16]KHALEGHI B,KHAMIS A,KARRAY F O,et al.Multisensor data fusion:A review of the state-of-the-art[J].Information Fusion,2013,14(1):28-44.DOI:10.1016/j.inffus.2011.08.001.
[17]SHIVASHANKARAPPA N,ADIGA S,AVINASH R A,et al.Kalman filter based multiple sensor data fusion in systems with time delayed state[C]//Signal Processing and Integrated Networks(SPIN),2016 3rd International Conference on.IEEE,2016:375-382.DOI:10.1109/SPIN.2016.7566723.
[18]汪华斌,徐瑞春.神经网络在鱼洞河滑坡稳定性评价中的应用[J].长江科学院院报,2002,19(4):62-65.(WANG H B,XUR C.Application of BP artificial neutral network son stability evaluation of Yudongde landslide[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2002,19(4):62-65.In Chinese))DOI:1001-5485(2002)04-0062-03.
[19]刘佳佳,彭鹏.基于Kalman滤波融合算法的某坝基水平位移分析[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2010,31(3):110-114.(LIU J J,PENG P.Analysis of dam foundation horizontal displacement based on kalman filter fusion algorithm[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University(Science Engineering Science),2010,31(3):110-114.(in Chinese))DOI:1671-6833(2010)03-0110-05.
[20]SISWANTORO J,PRABUWONO A S,ABDULLAH A,et al.A linear model based on Kalman filter for improving neural network classification performance[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2016,49:112-122.(in Chinese))DOI:10.1016/j.eswa.2015.12.012.
[21]蒋恩松,李孟超,孙刘杰.一种基于神经网络的卡尔曼滤波改进方法[J].电子与信息学报,2007,29(9):4-6.(JIANG E S,LI M C,SUN L J.An improved method of kalman filter based on neural network[J].Journal of Electronics and Information Technology,2007,29(9):4-6.(in Chinese))DOI:1009-589 6(2007)09-2073-04.
[22]HE W,WILLIARD N,CHEN C,et al.State of charge estimation for Li-ion batteries using neural network modeling and unscented Kalman filter-based error cancellation[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2014,62:783-791.DOI:10.016/j.ijepes.2014.04.059.
[23]陈善广,鲍勇.BP神经网络学习算法研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,1995,3(4):437-442.(CHEN S G,BAO Y.Studies on learning algorithms for BP Net[J].Journal of Basic Scienceand Engineering,1995,3(4):437-442.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16058/j.issn.1005-0930.1995.04.012.
[24]张群,许强,吴礼舟,等.南江滑坡群体积的BP神经网络模型与预测[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(1):134-139.(ZHANG Q,XU Q,WU L Z,et al.BP neural network model for forecasting volume of landslide group in Nanjing[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology 2015,42(1):134-139.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2015.01.23.
[25]李朋丽,田伟平,李家春.基于BP神经网络的滑坡稳定性分析[J].广西大学学报,2013,38(4):905-911.(LI P L,TIANW P,LI J C.Analysis of landslide stability based on BP neural[J].Journal of Guangxi University,2013,38(4):905-911.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13624/j.cnki.issn.1001-7445.2013.04.003.