1975-2014年晋西北地区沙漠化动态变化趋势研究
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摘要
晋西北地区位于中国北方农牧交错带上,生态环境具有较强的敏感性和脆弱性。利用1975年的MSS影像、1985-2014年TM/ETM影像等5个时期遥感影像为数据源,系统研究晋西北地区1975-2014年沙漠化土地动态变化趋势,旨在为晋西北地区沙漠化治理提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)研究区各时期沙漠化面积呈波动变化,过去40 a间,沙漠化面积总体减少了1 842.63 km2。(2)1975-2005年期间,研究区属于土地利用极缓慢速变化型,2005-2014年间研究区属于土地利用慢速变化型。(3)1975~(-1)985年和1985~(-1)995年,两个时期研究区沙漠化土地的空间变化以稳定型为主,所占比重分别为59.10%、68.61%,1995-2005年间沙漠化土地变化以发展型为主,所占比重为52.23%,而2005-2014年间沙漠化土地变化以逆转型为主,所占比重为54.66%。
Based on data extracted from remote sensing image in summer and autumn of five periods,which includes MSS image of 1975,TM/ETM image in 1985,1995,2005 and 2014,and other auxiliary data such as vegetation map,land use map,topographic map at 1∶100 000,etc.,this paper conducted remote sensing interpretation and classification on remote sensing image data of every period by using Arc GIS and ENVI,and got the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of desertification land area in northwest Shanxi Province during 1975 to2014,based on which the article built mathematical model for dynamic degree of desertification land use in this area,and analyzed spatial dynamic variation characteristics of desertification in research area by using Arc GIS spatial overlay analysis model. The results show as follows:(1)desertification area fluctuated in every period,the total desertification area decreased by 1 842.63 km2 in past 40 years;(2)land use in northwest Shanxi Province changed very slowly from 1975 to 2005 and slowly from 2005 to 2014;(3)spatial variation of desertification land in research area was stable during 1975 to 1985 and 1985 to 1995,during which the proportions of desertification were 59.10% and 68.61%,respectively;spatial variation of desertification land use from 1995 to2005 presented a developmental mode,during which the proportion of desertification was 52.23%;while spatial variation of desertification land use from 2005 to 2014 presented a reversed mode,during which the proportion of desertification was 54.66%. To ensure the accuracy of interpretation results,we conducted field confirmation on the interpretation results of desertification in August 2015,it shows that the interpretation accuracy is 94.56%.Main innovation points of this paper include:(1)researching on desertification of the study area at 10 a scale;(2)referring to land use dynamic degree and transfer matrix while studying on the desertification in northwest Shanxi Province.
Based on data extracted from remote sensing image in summer and autumn of five periods,which includes MSS image of 1975,TM/ETM image in 1985,1995,2005 and 2014,and other auxiliary data such as vegetation map,land use map,topographic map at 1∶100 000,etc.,this paper conducted remote sensing interpretation and classification on remote sensing image data of every period by using Arc GIS and ENVI,and got the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of desertification land area in northwest Shanxi Province during 1975 to2014,based on which the article built mathematical model for dynamic degree of desertification land use in this area,and analyzed spatial dynamic variation characteristics of desertification in research area by using Arc GIS spatial overlay analysis model. The results show as follows:(1)desertification area fluctuated in every period,the total desertification area decreased by 1 842.63 km2 in past 40 years;(2)land use in northwest Shanxi Province changed very slowly from 1975 to 2005 and slowly from 2005 to 2014;(3)spatial variation of desertification land in research area was stable during 1975 to 1985 and 1985 to 1995,during which the proportions of desertification were 59.10% and 68.61%,respectively;spatial variation of desertification land use from 1995 to2005 presented a developmental mode,during which the proportion of desertification was 52.23%;while spatial variation of desertification land use from 2005 to 2014 presented a reversed mode,during which the proportion of desertification was 54.66%. To ensure the accuracy of interpretation results,we conducted field confirmation on the interpretation results of desertification in August 2015,it shows that the interpretation accuracy is 94.56%.Main innovation points of this paper include:(1)researching on desertification of the study area at 10 a scale;(2)referring to land use dynamic degree and transfer matrix while studying on the desertification in northwest Shanxi Province.
引文
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[11]杨思全,王薇.毛乌素沙地土地沙漠化评价[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(2):258-262.[YANG Siquan,WANG Wei.Evaluation of desertification in Mu Us Sandy Land[J].Arid Land Geography,2010,33(2):258-262.]
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[13]SHALABY A,TATEISHI R.Remote sensing and GIS for mapping and monitoring land cover land-use changes in the northwestern coastal zone of Egypt[J].Applied Geography,2007,27:28-41.
[14]吴健生,张玉清,刘珍环,等.新疆焉耆县土地盐渍化遥感监测[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(2):251-257.[WU Jiansheng,ZHANG Yuqing,LIU Zhenhuan,et al.Land salinization monitoring with remote sensing on Yanqi County,Xinjiang[J].Arid Land Geography,2010,33(2);251-257.]
[15]胡光印,董治宝,逯军峰,等.近30a来长江源区沙漠化时空演变过程及成因分析[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(2):300-308.[HU Guangyin,DONG Zhibao,LU Junfeng,et al.Land desertification monitoring in the source region of Yangtze River from1975 to 2005 and the analysis of its causes[J].Arid Land Geography,2011,34(2):300-308.]
[16]白力改,燕琴,张丽,等.MODIS干旱指数对华北干旱的敏感性分析[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(5):708-716.[BAI Ligai,YAN Qin,ZHANG Li,et al.Sensitivity analysis of response of MODIS derived drought indices to drought in North China[J].Arid Land Geography,2012,35(5):708-716.]
[17]韩兰英,万信,方峰,等.甘肃河西地区沙漠化遥感监测评估[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(1):131-138.[HAN Lanying,WNA Xin,FANG Feng,et al.Desertification assessments of Hexi regions in Gansu Province by remote sensing[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(1):131-138.]
[18]马义娟,苏志珠.晋西北地区土地退化特征及危害研究[J].水土保持通报,1998,18(4):7-11.[MA Yijuan,SU Zhizhu.Features and hazards of land degradation in the Northwest of Shanxi Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,1998,18(4):7-11.]
[19]秦作栋,董光荣,马志正.晋西北地区土地荒漠化现状分析[J].中国沙漠,1995,15(3):244-251.[QIN Zuodong,DONG Guangrong,MA Zhizheng.Analysis on land desertification status in Northwest of Shanxi Province[J].Journal of Desert Research,1995,15(3):244-251.]
[20]李春兰,银山,包玉海,等.21世纪初期气候波动下浑善达克沙地荒漠化动态变化分析[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(3):556-564.[LI Chunlan,YIN Shan,BAO Yuhai,et al.Analysis on dynamic changes of desertification in the Hunshandake sand under the climate fluctuation in early 21st Century[J].Arid Land Geography,2015,38(3):556-564.]
[21]王涛,吴薇,薛娴,等.近50年来中国北方沙漠化土地的时空变化[J].地理学报,2004,59(2):203-212.[WANG Tao,WU Wei,XUE Xian,et al.Spatial-temporal changes of sandy desertification land during last 5 decades in Northern China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(2):203-212.]
[22]马义娟,钱锦霞,苏志珠.晋西北地区气候变化及其对土地沙漠化的影响[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1585-1589.[MA Yijuan,QIAN Jinxia,SU Zhizhu.Climate change and its impact on land desertification in Northern Shanxi Province[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(6):1585-1589.]
[23]李森,杨萍,王跃,等.阿里高原土地沙漠化发展演变与驱动因素分析[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(6):838-844.[LI Sen,YANG Ping,WANG Yue,et al.Preliminary analysis on development and driving factors of sandy desertification on Ali Plateau[J].Journal of Desert Research,2005,25(6):838-844.]
[24]王秀兰,包玉海.土地利用动态变化研究方法探讨[J].地球科学进展,1999,18(1):81-87.[WANG Xiulan,BAO Yuhai.Study on the method of land use dynamic change research[J].Advances in Earth Science,1999,18(1):81-87.]
[25]刘纪远.中国资源环境宏观调查与动态变化研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1996:120-240.[LIU Jiyuan.Macro investigation and dynamic change of China resources environment[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1996:120-204.]
[2]王涛.中国沙漠与沙漠化[M].石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,2003:535-549.[WANG Tao.Desert and desertification in China[M].Shijiazhuang:Hebei Sciences and Technology Press,2003:535-549.]
[3]高尚武,王葆芳,朱灵益,等.中国沙质荒漠化土地监测评价指标体系[J].林业科学,1998,34(2):1-10.[GAO Shangwu,WANG Baofang,ZHU Lingyi,et al.Monitoring and evaluation indicator system on sandy desertification of China[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1998,34(2):1-10.]
[4]王涛.沙漠化研究进展[J].中国科学院院刊,2009,(3):290-296.[WANG Tao.The progress of research on aeolian desertification[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2009,(3):290-296.]
[5]王涛,朱震达.中国北方沙漠化的若干问题[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(1):56-65.[WANG Tao,ZHU Zhenda.Some problems of desertification in Northern China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2001,21(1):56-65.]
[6]张凯,高会旺,张仁健,等.我国沙尘的来源、移动路径及对东部海域的影响[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(6):627-636.[ZHANG Kai,GAO Huiwang,ZHANG Renjian,et al.Sources and movement routes of sand-dust aerosols and the impact probabilities on China seas in 2000-2002[J].Advances in Earth Science,2005,20(6):627-636.]
[7]王存忠,牛生杰,王兰宁,等.中国近50 a来沙尘暴变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(4):933-939.[WANG Cunzhong,NIU Shengjie,WANG Lanning,et al.Spatial and temporal pattern of sand-dust storms in China during 1958-2007[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(4):933-939.]
[8]LEE E H,SOHN B J.Recent increasing trend in dust frequency over Mongolia and Inner Mongolia regions and its association with climate and surface codition change[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(27):4611-4616.
[9]刘拓.中国土地沙漠化经济损失评估[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(1):40-46.[LIU Tuo.Desertification economic loss assessment in China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2006,26(1):40-46.]
[10]王涛.我国沙漠化研究的若干问题—3.沙漠化研究和防治的重点区域[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(1):1-9.[WANG Tao.Study on sandy desertification in China:3.Key regions for studying and combating sandy desertification[J].Journal of Desert Research,2004,24(1):1-9.]
[11]杨思全,王薇.毛乌素沙地土地沙漠化评价[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(2):258-262.[YANG Siquan,WANG Wei.Evaluation of desertification in Mu Us Sandy Land[J].Arid Land Geography,2010,33(2):258-262.]
[12]GEIST H J,LAMBIN E F.Dynamic causal patterns of desertification[J].Bioscience,2004,54:817-829.
[13]SHALABY A,TATEISHI R.Remote sensing and GIS for mapping and monitoring land cover land-use changes in the northwestern coastal zone of Egypt[J].Applied Geography,2007,27:28-41.
[14]吴健生,张玉清,刘珍环,等.新疆焉耆县土地盐渍化遥感监测[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(2):251-257.[WU Jiansheng,ZHANG Yuqing,LIU Zhenhuan,et al.Land salinization monitoring with remote sensing on Yanqi County,Xinjiang[J].Arid Land Geography,2010,33(2);251-257.]
[15]胡光印,董治宝,逯军峰,等.近30a来长江源区沙漠化时空演变过程及成因分析[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(2):300-308.[HU Guangyin,DONG Zhibao,LU Junfeng,et al.Land desertification monitoring in the source region of Yangtze River from1975 to 2005 and the analysis of its causes[J].Arid Land Geography,2011,34(2):300-308.]
[16]白力改,燕琴,张丽,等.MODIS干旱指数对华北干旱的敏感性分析[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(5):708-716.[BAI Ligai,YAN Qin,ZHANG Li,et al.Sensitivity analysis of response of MODIS derived drought indices to drought in North China[J].Arid Land Geography,2012,35(5):708-716.]
[17]韩兰英,万信,方峰,等.甘肃河西地区沙漠化遥感监测评估[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(1):131-138.[HAN Lanying,WNA Xin,FANG Feng,et al.Desertification assessments of Hexi regions in Gansu Province by remote sensing[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(1):131-138.]
[18]马义娟,苏志珠.晋西北地区土地退化特征及危害研究[J].水土保持通报,1998,18(4):7-11.[MA Yijuan,SU Zhizhu.Features and hazards of land degradation in the Northwest of Shanxi Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,1998,18(4):7-11.]
[19]秦作栋,董光荣,马志正.晋西北地区土地荒漠化现状分析[J].中国沙漠,1995,15(3):244-251.[QIN Zuodong,DONG Guangrong,MA Zhizheng.Analysis on land desertification status in Northwest of Shanxi Province[J].Journal of Desert Research,1995,15(3):244-251.]
[20]李春兰,银山,包玉海,等.21世纪初期气候波动下浑善达克沙地荒漠化动态变化分析[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(3):556-564.[LI Chunlan,YIN Shan,BAO Yuhai,et al.Analysis on dynamic changes of desertification in the Hunshandake sand under the climate fluctuation in early 21st Century[J].Arid Land Geography,2015,38(3):556-564.]
[21]王涛,吴薇,薛娴,等.近50年来中国北方沙漠化土地的时空变化[J].地理学报,2004,59(2):203-212.[WANG Tao,WU Wei,XUE Xian,et al.Spatial-temporal changes of sandy desertification land during last 5 decades in Northern China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(2):203-212.]
[22]马义娟,钱锦霞,苏志珠.晋西北地区气候变化及其对土地沙漠化的影响[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1585-1589.[MA Yijuan,QIAN Jinxia,SU Zhizhu.Climate change and its impact on land desertification in Northern Shanxi Province[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(6):1585-1589.]
[23]李森,杨萍,王跃,等.阿里高原土地沙漠化发展演变与驱动因素分析[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(6):838-844.[LI Sen,YANG Ping,WANG Yue,et al.Preliminary analysis on development and driving factors of sandy desertification on Ali Plateau[J].Journal of Desert Research,2005,25(6):838-844.]
[24]王秀兰,包玉海.土地利用动态变化研究方法探讨[J].地球科学进展,1999,18(1):81-87.[WANG Xiulan,BAO Yuhai.Study on the method of land use dynamic change research[J].Advances in Earth Science,1999,18(1):81-87.]
[25]刘纪远.中国资源环境宏观调查与动态变化研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1996:120-240.[LIU Jiyuan.Macro investigation and dynamic change of China resources environment[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1996:120-204.]