近40 a海西蒙古族藏族自治州沙漠化时空变化及驱动力分析
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摘要
通过对海西蒙古族藏族自治州1975—2015年Landsat卫星遥感影像进行解译,获取了该州近40 a沙漠化土地动态变化特征。结果表明:(1)研究区近40 a沙漠化土地面积先增加后减少,1975—1995年为沙漠化发展时期,1995—2015年为沙漠化逆转时期,1995年沙漠化程度最高,沙漠化土地面积17 1591.42 km~2;(2)沙漠化变化集中在研究区高海拔地区,柴达木盆地内部一直以重度沙漠化为主;沙漠化明显发展和明显逆转分别集中在1985—1995年和1995—2005年;(3)各类型沙漠化土地重心迁移总体表现为1975—1995年向东迁移,1995—2015年向西折返。通过对海西蒙古族藏族自治州沙漠化时空变化的驱动因素进行分析,表明人为因素是造成20世纪90年代之前研究区沙漠化显著发展的主导因素,而气候因素和人为因素共同促进了之后的沙漠化逆转。
Based on the interpretation of Landsat satellite remote sensing images of Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture from 1975 to 2015, the dynamic changes of desert land in recent 40 years were obtained. The results showed that:(1) the area of the desert land in the study area was firstly increased and then decreased in recent 40 years in the study area.Desertification developed significantly from 1975 to 1995 while reversed from 1995 to 2015. It reached the highest level in 1995 with the area of 171591.42 km~2;(2) Desertification changes concentrated in the high altitude area, and the interior of the Qaidam Basin has been dominated by severe desertification; Additionally, desertification significantly developed and retreated during 1985-1995 and 1995-2005, respectively;(3) The overall migration of various types desertification land shifted eastward during 1975-1995 while turned westward during 1995-2015. The analysis on driving factors of the temporal and spatial changes of desertification in Haixi Mongolian Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture showed that human activities were the dominant factor on the remarkable development of desertification before 1990 s, while the climate and human factors promoted the reversal of desertification after that.
Based on the interpretation of Landsat satellite remote sensing images of Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture from 1975 to 2015, the dynamic changes of desert land in recent 40 years were obtained. The results showed that:(1) the area of the desert land in the study area was firstly increased and then decreased in recent 40 years in the study area.Desertification developed significantly from 1975 to 1995 while reversed from 1995 to 2015. It reached the highest level in 1995 with the area of 171591.42 km~2;(2) Desertification changes concentrated in the high altitude area, and the interior of the Qaidam Basin has been dominated by severe desertification; Additionally, desertification significantly developed and retreated during 1985-1995 and 1995-2005, respectively;(3) The overall migration of various types desertification land shifted eastward during 1975-1995 while turned westward during 1995-2015. The analysis on driving factors of the temporal and spatial changes of desertification in Haixi Mongolian Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture showed that human activities were the dominant factor on the remarkable development of desertification before 1990 s, while the climate and human factors promoted the reversal of desertification after that.
引文
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[20]岳乐平,李智佩,朱桦,等.全球气候变化、青藏高原隆升与中国北方荒漠化[J].地球学报,2002:45-49.
[21]王澄海.气候变化与荒漠化[M].北京:气象出版社,2003.
[22]Le Houérou H N.Climate change,drought and desertification[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1996,34(2):133-185.
[23]董玉祥.人为因素在西藏中部沙漠化过程中作用的初步分析[J].第四纪研究,1998,18(2):185.
[24]齐善忠,罗芳,王涛.人为因素在沙漠化过程中作用程度的定量化研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(4):4-5.
[2]D’odorico P,Bhattachan A,Davis K F,et al.Global desertification:Drivers and feedbacks[J].Advances in Water Resources,2013,51:326-344.
[3]刘拓.中国土地沙漠化经济损失评估[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(1):40-46.
[4]马国霞,石敏俊,赵学涛,等.中国北方地区沙漠化造成经济损失的货币评价[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4):627-633.
[5]于婷,殷青军,李文奇,等.基于Quick Bird影像的黄河源区玛多县土地沙化研究[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2009,3(6):40-42.
[6]牛卫萍,牛卫东,郭翔.古尔班通古特沙漠东南缘地区土地沙漠化的成因分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2007,1(4):43-45.
[7]宫恒瑞,盛晓琼.基于数字遥感技术的艾比湖地区荒漠化监测[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2007,1(2):53-56.
[8]陈利珍,丁文广,耿怡颖,等.1975—2015年都兰县沙漠化动态变化趋势研究[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(5):64-71.
[9]郑影华,李森,王兮之,等.RS与GIS支持下近50a海南岛西部土地沙漠化时空演变过程研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(1):56-62.
[10]尚立照,陈翔舜,王小军,等.基于RS和GIS的敦煌市沙漠化动态监测[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(2):125-128.
[11]马玉军,沙占江,陈学俭,等.青海省共和盆地20年来沙漠化土地变化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(2):176-181.
[12]丁文广,陈利珍,李丹璐,等.1975-2014年晋西北地区沙漠化动态变化趋势研究[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(5):994-1003.
[13]丁文广,陈利珍,徐浩,等.气候变化对甘肃河西走廊地区沙漠化影响的风险评价[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(6):746-755.
[14]朱会义,李秀彬.关于区域土地利用变化指数模型方法的讨论[J].地理学报,2003,58(5):643-650.
[15]段翰晨,王涛,薛娴,等.科尔沁沙地沙漠化时空演变及其景观格局——以内蒙古自治区奈曼旗为例[J].地理学报,2012,67:917-928.
[16]赵晓冏,颉耀文,李琳琳.1986-2009年高台县绿洲化荒漠化时空过程[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48:49-54.
[17]谢霞,塔西甫拉提·特依拜.艾比湖地区绿洲化与荒漠化过程时空特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(7):86-92.
[18]董光荣,申建友,金炯.试论全球气候变化与沙漠化的关系[J].第四纪研究,1990,10(1):91-98.
[19]常影,宁大同.全球气候变化对中国土地荒漠化的影响[J].地学前缘,2002,9(1):244.
[20]岳乐平,李智佩,朱桦,等.全球气候变化、青藏高原隆升与中国北方荒漠化[J].地球学报,2002:45-49.
[21]王澄海.气候变化与荒漠化[M].北京:气象出版社,2003.
[22]Le Houérou H N.Climate change,drought and desertification[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1996,34(2):133-185.
[23]董玉祥.人为因素在西藏中部沙漠化过程中作用的初步分析[J].第四纪研究,1998,18(2):185.
[24]齐善忠,罗芳,王涛.人为因素在沙漠化过程中作用程度的定量化研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(4):4-5.