环境因子对菲在黄河口沉积物上吸附的影响
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摘要
为研究多环芳烃从河口到近海的环境归趋行为与生态风险,考察了沉积物质量浓度、溶解性有机质、温度、盐度4种典型环境因子对菲在黄河口沉积物上吸附的影响,比较了黄河口与近海两种沉积物对菲的吸附性能。研究结果表明,沉积物质量浓度越低,单位质量颗粒物的菲吸附量越高;共存的溶解性有机质对菲的吸附具有增促作用,且腐殖酸比黄腐酸的作用更显著;温度的升高不利于菲的吸附,而盐度的增加有利于菲的吸附。菲在沉积物上的吸附是分配作用与表面吸附两种行为的耦合,其中黄河口沉积物以表面吸附为主,而近海沉积物以分配作用为主。近海沉积物菲吸附量显著高于黄河口沉积物菲吸附量。基于此,菲从河口到近海的迁移过程中,更易于在沉积物表面发生吸附沉降,从而可能降低水相中的生态危害,但对近海底栖生物具有潜在的健康生态风险。
To understand the environmental behaviors and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in the transport processes from the river to the estuary, and subsequently coastal waters, the sorption of phenanthrene on the Yellow River estuary sediments was investigated under varying conditions including sediment concentrations, dissolved organic matter(DOM), temperature, and salinity. Phenanthrene sorption by estuarine sediments and marine sediments were also compared. The results showed that sediments with low concentration exhibited high sorption capacity for phenanthrene. Phenanthrene sorption was enhanced in the presence of DOM, and the effect of humic acid(HA) was more significant than that of fulvic acid(FA). The sorption capacity declined with increasing temperature, whereas it increased with increasing salinity. Surface adsorption and partitioning of phenanthrene occur simultaneously on the sediments. For estuarine sediments, adsorption was predominant, while partitioning was the main mechanism for marine sediments. Moreover, the sorption capacity of marine sediments was higher than that of estuarine sediments. Based on these results, it can be concluded that phenanthrene is inclined to be adsorbed on sediments in the transport processes from the river to the estuary, and subsequently coastal waters, which may reduce the ecological damage in water, but raise the potential health risks to benthonic organisms in offshore marine areas.
To understand the environmental behaviors and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in the transport processes from the river to the estuary, and subsequently coastal waters, the sorption of phenanthrene on the Yellow River estuary sediments was investigated under varying conditions including sediment concentrations, dissolved organic matter(DOM), temperature, and salinity. Phenanthrene sorption by estuarine sediments and marine sediments were also compared. The results showed that sediments with low concentration exhibited high sorption capacity for phenanthrene. Phenanthrene sorption was enhanced in the presence of DOM, and the effect of humic acid(HA) was more significant than that of fulvic acid(FA). The sorption capacity declined with increasing temperature, whereas it increased with increasing salinity. Surface adsorption and partitioning of phenanthrene occur simultaneously on the sediments. For estuarine sediments, adsorption was predominant, while partitioning was the main mechanism for marine sediments. Moreover, the sorption capacity of marine sediments was higher than that of estuarine sediments. Based on these results, it can be concluded that phenanthrene is inclined to be adsorbed on sediments in the transport processes from the river to the estuary, and subsequently coastal waters, which may reduce the ecological damage in water, but raise the potential health risks to benthonic organisms in offshore marine areas.
引文
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[10]Shang J,Chen J,Shen Z Y,et al.Effects of varying estuarine conditions on the sorption of phenanthrene to sediment particles of Yangtze Estuary[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,76(1-2):139-145.
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[15]孟丽红,夏星辉,余晖,等.多环芳烃在黄河水体颗粒物上的表面吸附和分配作用特征[J].环境科学,2006,27(5):892-897.Meng Lihong,Xia Xinghui,Yu Hui,et al.Adsorption and partition of PAHs on particles of the Yellow River[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(5):892-897.
[16]范顺利,田大勇,韩晓霞.多环芳烃在淮河、黄河和卫河沉积物上的吸附及解吸行为研究[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(5):34-39.Fan Shunli,Tian Dayong,Han Xiaoxia.Adsorption and desorption behavior of phenanthrene and pyrene on sediments of Huai River,Yellow River and Wei River[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2010,32(5):34-39.
[17]Yuan H M,Li T G,Ding X G,et al.Distribution,sources and potential toxicological significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in surface soils of the Yellow River Delta,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,83(1):258-264.
[18]焦立新,孟伟,郑丙辉,等.菲在渤海湾入海河流与河口沉积物上的吸附-解吸行为[J].环境科学,2010,31(10):2321-2326.Jiao Lixin,Meng Wei,Zheng Binghui,et al.Sorption and desorption behaviors of phenanthrene on sediments from the rivers and estuaries flowing into sea around Bohai Bay[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(10):2321-2326.
[19]张雷,焦立新,秦延文,等.菲在渤海湾潮滩不同粒径沉积物上的吸附行为[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(5):24-29.Zhang Lei,Jiao Lixin,Qin Yanwen,et al.Sorption of phenanthrene on different particle size fractions of inter-tidal zone sediments from Bohai Bay[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(5):24-29.
[20]陈华林,陈英旭,王子健,等.中国南方河流和湖泊沉积物对菲的吸附特性[J].环境科学,2003,24(5):120-124.Chen Hualin,Chen Yingxu,Wang Zijian,et al.Sorption characteristics of phenanthrene on sediments from Chinese southern rivers and lakes[J].Environmental Science,2003,24(5):120-124.
[21]王志霞,葛小鹏,晏晓敏,等.溶解性有机质对菲在沉积物上吸附与解吸性能的影响[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(1):105-112.Wang Zhixia,Ge Xiaopeng,Yan Xiaomin,et al.Effects of dissolved organic matters(DOMs)on the sorption and desorption behaviors of phenanthrene by sediments[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(1):105-112.
[22]Gao Y Z,Xiong W,Ling W T,et al.Impact of exotic and inherent dissolved organic matter on sorption of phenanthrene by soils[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,140(1-2):138-144.
[23]Wang L L,Yang Z F,Niu J F,et al.Temperature-dependent sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on natural and treated sediments.[J].Chemosphere,2011,82(6):895-900.
[24]Wu W L,Sun H W.Sorption-desorption hysteresis of phenanthrene-Effect of nanopores,solute concentration,and salinity[J].Chemosphere,2010,81(7):961-7.
[25]吴文伶,孙红文.菲在沉积物上的吸附-解吸研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(4):1133-1138.Wu Wenling,Sun Hongwen.Sorption and desorption of phenanthrene on sediments[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(10):2321-2326.
[26]夏星辉,孟丽红,呼丽娟.苯并(a)芘在黄河水体不同粒径颗粒物上的表面吸附和分配作用特征[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(2):269-274.Xia Xinghui,Meng Lihong,Hu Lijuan.Adsorption and partition of benzo(a)pyrene on solids with different particle size from the Yellow River[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006,26(2):269-274.
[2]马继臻,袁骐,蒋玫,等.东海沿岸不同区域贝类体内石油烃含量的分布特征及其评价[J].海洋通报,2008,27(2):73-78.Ma Jizhen,Yuan Qi,Jiang Mei,et al.Distributional feature and assessment of petroleum hydrocarbon in the shellfish from the east China sea coast[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2008,27(2):73-78.
[3]耿沙沙,刘晨,张少宁,等.不同海洋微藻对石油污染的响应差异[J].海洋科学,2016,40(6):62-71.Geng Shasha,Liu Chen,Zhang Shaoning,et al.Differences in the response of different marine microalgae to oil pollution[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(6):62-71.
[4]Gu Y G,Ke C L,Liu Q,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in sediments of Zhelin Bay,the largest mariculture base on the eastern Guangdong coast,South China:Characterization and risk implications[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,110(1):603-608.
[5]杨金水,许良华,佘跃惠,等.菲降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解性研究[J].海洋科学,2007,31(12):24-27.Yang Jinhua,Xu Lianghua,She Yuehui,et al.Isolation,identification and characteristics of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria[J].Marine Sciences,2007,31(12):24-27.
[6]雷欢,黄栩,田蕴,等.一株菲降解细菌的筛选及其降解条件的优化[J].海洋科学集刊,2009,49:104-111.Lei Huan,Huang Xu,Tian Yun,et al.Isolation of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria and optimization for degrading activity of phenanthere[J].Studia Marina Sinica,2009,49:104-111.
[7]Yang Y,Liu M,Wang L L,et al.Sorption behavior of phenanthrene in Yangtze estuarine sediments:Sequential separation[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62(5):1025-31.
[8]邹景忠.海洋环境科学[M].济南:山东教育出版社,2004:54-58.Zou Jingzhong.Marine Environmental Science[M].Jinan:Shandong Educational Press,2004:54-58.
[9]李磊,蒋玫,沈新强,等.长江口及邻近海域水体中石油烃分布特征及其污染评价[J].环境化学,2014,33(8):1366-1372.Li Lei,Jiang Mei,Shen Xinqiang,et al.Spatial distribution and pollution analysis of the petroleum hydrocarbons in water from the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent areas[J].Environmental Chemistry,2014,33(8):1366-1372.
[10]Shang J,Chen J,Shen Z Y,et al.Effects of varying estuarine conditions on the sorption of phenanthrene to sediment particles of Yangtze Estuary[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,76(1-2):139-145.
[11]Vane C H,Harrison I,Kim A W.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)in sediments from the Mersey Estuary,U.K.[J].Science of the Total Environment,2007,374(1):112-126.
[12]戴敏英,周陈年.渤海湾沉积物中的多环芳烃[J].海洋科学,1984,8(3):34-36.Dai Minying,Zhou Chennian.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from Bohai Bay[J].Marine Sciences,1984,8(3):34-36.
[13]Kingston P F,Runciman D,Mcdougall J.Oil contamination of sedimentary shores of the Galpagos Islands following the wreck of the Jessica[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2003,47(7):303-312.
[14]李磊,蒋玫,王云龙,等.长江口及邻近海域沉积物中石油烃污染特征[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):752-757.Li Lei,Jiang Mei,Wang Yunlong,et al.Characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution in surface sediments from the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent areas[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(3):752-757.
[15]孟丽红,夏星辉,余晖,等.多环芳烃在黄河水体颗粒物上的表面吸附和分配作用特征[J].环境科学,2006,27(5):892-897.Meng Lihong,Xia Xinghui,Yu Hui,et al.Adsorption and partition of PAHs on particles of the Yellow River[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(5):892-897.
[16]范顺利,田大勇,韩晓霞.多环芳烃在淮河、黄河和卫河沉积物上的吸附及解吸行为研究[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(5):34-39.Fan Shunli,Tian Dayong,Han Xiaoxia.Adsorption and desorption behavior of phenanthrene and pyrene on sediments of Huai River,Yellow River and Wei River[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2010,32(5):34-39.
[17]Yuan H M,Li T G,Ding X G,et al.Distribution,sources and potential toxicological significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in surface soils of the Yellow River Delta,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,83(1):258-264.
[18]焦立新,孟伟,郑丙辉,等.菲在渤海湾入海河流与河口沉积物上的吸附-解吸行为[J].环境科学,2010,31(10):2321-2326.Jiao Lixin,Meng Wei,Zheng Binghui,et al.Sorption and desorption behaviors of phenanthrene on sediments from the rivers and estuaries flowing into sea around Bohai Bay[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(10):2321-2326.
[19]张雷,焦立新,秦延文,等.菲在渤海湾潮滩不同粒径沉积物上的吸附行为[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(5):24-29.Zhang Lei,Jiao Lixin,Qin Yanwen,et al.Sorption of phenanthrene on different particle size fractions of inter-tidal zone sediments from Bohai Bay[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(5):24-29.
[20]陈华林,陈英旭,王子健,等.中国南方河流和湖泊沉积物对菲的吸附特性[J].环境科学,2003,24(5):120-124.Chen Hualin,Chen Yingxu,Wang Zijian,et al.Sorption characteristics of phenanthrene on sediments from Chinese southern rivers and lakes[J].Environmental Science,2003,24(5):120-124.
[21]王志霞,葛小鹏,晏晓敏,等.溶解性有机质对菲在沉积物上吸附与解吸性能的影响[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(1):105-112.Wang Zhixia,Ge Xiaopeng,Yan Xiaomin,et al.Effects of dissolved organic matters(DOMs)on the sorption and desorption behaviors of phenanthrene by sediments[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(1):105-112.
[22]Gao Y Z,Xiong W,Ling W T,et al.Impact of exotic and inherent dissolved organic matter on sorption of phenanthrene by soils[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,140(1-2):138-144.
[23]Wang L L,Yang Z F,Niu J F,et al.Temperature-dependent sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on natural and treated sediments.[J].Chemosphere,2011,82(6):895-900.
[24]Wu W L,Sun H W.Sorption-desorption hysteresis of phenanthrene-Effect of nanopores,solute concentration,and salinity[J].Chemosphere,2010,81(7):961-7.
[25]吴文伶,孙红文.菲在沉积物上的吸附-解吸研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(4):1133-1138.Wu Wenling,Sun Hongwen.Sorption and desorption of phenanthrene on sediments[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(10):2321-2326.
[26]夏星辉,孟丽红,呼丽娟.苯并(a)芘在黄河水体不同粒径颗粒物上的表面吸附和分配作用特征[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(2):269-274.Xia Xinghui,Meng Lihong,Hu Lijuan.Adsorption and partition of benzo(a)pyrene on solids with different particle size from the Yellow River[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006,26(2):269-274.