连续波脉冲随钻数据传输系统设计与实现
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摘要
连续波泥浆脉冲传输技术是当前随钻信息传输的前沿发展方向,存在巨大研究价值和广阔市场前景。从连续波脉冲产生机理出发,提出了一种圆弧-圆角-直线的阀口形状设计方法,研制了连续波泥浆脉冲器整体结构,控制及驱动电路以及泥浆脉冲信号处理软件,并搭建了地面水力循环实验平台。实验结果表明,该连续波数据传输系统能够产生多种频率(4、8、12和18 Hz等)的压力信号,结合二进制频移键控数字信号调制与解调技术,实现了优于常规正脉冲传输的3.3 bit/s随钻测量数据的快速传输,这为研发进一步面向现场应用的随钻连续波泥浆脉冲传输系统储备了较为充足的理论知识与工程技术。
Continuous wave pulse transmission technology is the forefront development directionof the current information transmission while drilling and has great research value and broad market prospects. After introducing the mechanism of continuous wave pulse, this paper mainlyproposed the design method fora round-fillet-linear valveorifice, and developed the overall structure of the continuous wave mud pulser, the control and drive circuit, the pulse signal processing software and the corresponding ground hydraulic cycle experimental platform are also introduced. The results of the hydraulicexperimentsshow that the developed continuous wave data transmission system can generate pressure signals of multiple frequencies(4, 8, 12 and 18 Hz, etc.), and combining with binary frequency-shift keying digital signal modulation and demodulation technology toachieve the fastertransmission speed than traditional positive pulse for MWD measurement data at 3.3 bit/s, which provides sufficient theoretical knowledge and engineering techniques for the development of a continuouswave mud transmission system for field applications.
Continuous wave pulse transmission technology is the forefront development directionof the current information transmission while drilling and has great research value and broad market prospects. After introducing the mechanism of continuous wave pulse, this paper mainlyproposed the design method fora round-fillet-linear valveorifice, and developed the overall structure of the continuous wave mud pulser, the control and drive circuit, the pulse signal processing software and the corresponding ground hydraulic cycle experimental platform are also introduced. The results of the hydraulicexperimentsshow that the developed continuous wave data transmission system can generate pressure signals of multiple frequencies(4, 8, 12 and 18 Hz, etc.), and combining with binary frequency-shift keying digital signal modulation and demodulation technology toachieve the fastertransmission speed than traditional positive pulse for MWD measurement data at 3.3 bit/s, which provides sufficient theoretical knowledge and engineering techniques for the development of a continuouswave mud transmission system for field applications.
引文
[1] 苏义脑, 窦修荣. 随钻测量、随钻测井与录井工具[J]. 石油钻采工艺, 2005, 27(1): 74-78.SU Y N, DOU X R. Measurement while drilling, logging while drilling and logging instrument [J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2005, 27(1):74-78.
[2] 沈忠厚, 黄洪春, 高德利. 世界钻井技术新进展及发展趋势分析[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 33(4): 64-70.SHEN ZH H, HUANG H CH, GAO D L. Analysis on new development and development trend of worldwide drilling technology [J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2009, 33(4): 64-70.
[3] HUSSAIN S, HUELVAN Y, ADAMS W. Measurement while drilling, logging while drilling, and rotary steerable systems performance, benefits, and challenges in managed pressure drilling and underbalanced drilling[C]. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014.
[4] 王丽忱, 朱桂清, 甄鉴. 随钻测井数据传输技术新进展[J]. 石油科技论坛, 2014, 33(6): 42-45.WANG L CH, ZHU G Q, ZHEN J. New progress in LWD data transmission technology[J]. Oil Forum, 2014, 33(6): 42-45.
[5] PATTON B J, GRAVLEY W, GODBEY J K, et al. Development and successful testing of a continuous-wave, logging-while-drilling telemetry system[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1976, 29(10): 1215-1221.
[6] EMMERICH W, GRETEN A, BRAHIM I B, et al. Evolution in reliability of high-speed mud pulse telemetry[C]. Offshore Technology Conference, 2016.
[7] DAVID M. Sinusoidal pressure pulse generator for measurement while drilling tool[P]. US:US4847815, 1989.
[8] HUTIN R, TENNENT R W, KASHIKAR S V. New mud pulse telemetry techniques for deep water applications and improved real-time data capabilities[C]. Spe/iadc Drilling Conference, 2001.
[9] 房军,苏义脑.液压信号发生器基本类型与信号产生的原理[J]. 石油钻探技术,2004,32(2):39-41.FANG J, SU Y N. The basic types and it's mechanism of the hydraulic signal producer[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2004, 32(2):39-41.
[10] 刘修善. 钻井液脉冲沿井筒传输的多相流模拟技术[J]. 石油学报, 2006, 27(4): 115-118.LIU X SH. Multiphase simulation technique of drilling fluid pulse transmission along well bore[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2006, 27(4):115-118.
[11] CHIN W C. Wave Propagation in Drilling, Well Logging and Reservoir Applications[M]. Beverly: Scrivener Publishing LLC, 2014.
[12] 刘均, 袁峰. 钻柱内连续波信号传输模型与幅频特性研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2015, 36(1): 118-125.LIU J, YUAN F. Research on transport model and amplitude frequency characteristic of continuous wave signals inside a drill stem[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2015, 36(1):118-125.
[13] LI H T, CHEN R M, LI X J, et al.Investigation of pressure wave propagation and attenuation characteristics in wellbore gas-liquid two-phase flow[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science & Engineering, 2016(35):1088-1100.
[14] HAHN D, PETERS V, ROUATBI C, et al. Oscillating shear valve for mud pulse telemetry[P]. US: US7280432B2, 2007.
[15] PERRY C A, BURGESS D E, TURNER W E. Rotary pulser for transmitting information to the surface from a drill string down hole in a well[P]. US: US0034154A1, 2007.
[16] 王智明, 菅志军, 李相方,等. 连续波高速率泥浆脉冲器设计研究[J]. 石油天然气学报, 2008, 30(2): 611-613.WANG ZH M, JIAN ZH J, LI X F, et al. The study of structure design on high speed series wave mud pulser system[J]. Journal of Oil & Gas Technology, 2008, 30(2): 611-613.
[17] CHIN W C, SUY N, SHENGL M, et al. 超深井高速率连续波MWD信道传输系统[J].测井技术, 2014, 38(6): 713-721.CHIN W C, SU Y N, SHENG L M, et al. High-data-rate MWD system for very deep wells[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2014, 38(6): 713-721.
[18] SHEN Y, SU Y N, LI G S, et al. Numerical modeling of DPSK pressure signals and their transmission characteristics in mud channels[J]. Petroleum Science, 2009, 6(3): 266-270.
[19] 张煜, 裘正定, 熊轲, 等. 基于差分脉码调制的随钻测量数据压缩编码算法[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2010, 37(6): 748-755.ZHANG Y, QIU ZH D, XIONG K, et al. An algorithm for MWD data compression based on differential pulse code modulation[J]. Petroleum Exploration & Development, 2010, 37(6):748-755.
[20] REYES S, HUTIN R, TENNENT R W, et al. Mud pulse telemetry data modulation technique[P]. US, 8302685B2, 2012.
[21] 李婷, 史晓锋. 泥浆信道数据压缩和纠错联合编码研究[J]. 电子测量技术, 2016, 39(4): 133-135.LI T, SHI X F. Mud channel data compression and error correction coding research[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2016, 39(4): 133-135.
[22] SU Y N, SHENG L M, LI L, et al.High data rate measurement while drilling system for very deep wells[C]. AADE National Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2011.
[23] CHIN W C, SU Y N, SHENG L M, et al. Measurement while drilling (MWD) Signal Analysis, Optimization and Design[M]. Beverly: Scrivener Publishing LLC, 2014.
[24] 贾朋, 房军, 苏义脑, 等. 钻井液连续波信号发生器转阀水力转矩分析[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 34(1): 99-104.JIA P, FANG J, SU Y N, et al. Analysis on rotary valve hydraulic torque of drilling fluid continuous wave signal generator[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2010, 34(1):99-104.
[25] 王智明, 肖俊远, 菅志军. 旋转阀泥浆脉冲器转子水力特性研究[J]. 石油矿场机械, 2012, 41(3): 1-3.WANG ZH M, XIAO J Y, JIAN ZH J. Waterpower specialty study of the rotor on rotary valve mud pulser[J]. Oil Field Equipment, 2012, 41(3): 1-3.
[26] 魏亮, 王赤忠, 程烨, 等. 泥浆脉冲发生器转子水力转矩多相流数值模拟[J]. 现代机械, 2015 (6): 35-41.WEI L, WANG CH ZH, CHENG Y, et al. Numerical simulation of hydraulic characteristics of rotor in oscillating mud pulser regarding influence of multiphase flow[J]. Modern Machinery, 2015(6): 35-41.
[27] 程烨, 王智明, 陆庆超,等. 往复式泥浆脉冲发生器转子水力转矩[J]. 石油学报, 2014, 35(2): 385-389.CHENG Y, WANG ZH M, LU Q CH, et al. Hydraulic torque analysis on oscillating mud pulse for MWD/LWD[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2014, 35(2): 385-389.
[28] JONES P K, MALONE D, LAND S. Methods and apparatus for preventing jamming of encoder of logging while drilling tool[P]. US Patent 5249161A. 1993.
[29] YAN Z D, WEI C M, GENG Y F, et al. Design of a rotary valve orifice for a continuous wave mud pulse generator[J]. Precision Engineering, 2015, 41(3): 111-118.
[2] 沈忠厚, 黄洪春, 高德利. 世界钻井技术新进展及发展趋势分析[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 33(4): 64-70.SHEN ZH H, HUANG H CH, GAO D L. Analysis on new development and development trend of worldwide drilling technology [J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2009, 33(4): 64-70.
[3] HUSSAIN S, HUELVAN Y, ADAMS W. Measurement while drilling, logging while drilling, and rotary steerable systems performance, benefits, and challenges in managed pressure drilling and underbalanced drilling[C]. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014.
[4] 王丽忱, 朱桂清, 甄鉴. 随钻测井数据传输技术新进展[J]. 石油科技论坛, 2014, 33(6): 42-45.WANG L CH, ZHU G Q, ZHEN J. New progress in LWD data transmission technology[J]. Oil Forum, 2014, 33(6): 42-45.
[5] PATTON B J, GRAVLEY W, GODBEY J K, et al. Development and successful testing of a continuous-wave, logging-while-drilling telemetry system[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1976, 29(10): 1215-1221.
[6] EMMERICH W, GRETEN A, BRAHIM I B, et al. Evolution in reliability of high-speed mud pulse telemetry[C]. Offshore Technology Conference, 2016.
[7] DAVID M. Sinusoidal pressure pulse generator for measurement while drilling tool[P]. US:US4847815, 1989.
[8] HUTIN R, TENNENT R W, KASHIKAR S V. New mud pulse telemetry techniques for deep water applications and improved real-time data capabilities[C]. Spe/iadc Drilling Conference, 2001.
[9] 房军,苏义脑.液压信号发生器基本类型与信号产生的原理[J]. 石油钻探技术,2004,32(2):39-41.FANG J, SU Y N. The basic types and it's mechanism of the hydraulic signal producer[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2004, 32(2):39-41.
[10] 刘修善. 钻井液脉冲沿井筒传输的多相流模拟技术[J]. 石油学报, 2006, 27(4): 115-118.LIU X SH. Multiphase simulation technique of drilling fluid pulse transmission along well bore[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2006, 27(4):115-118.
[11] CHIN W C. Wave Propagation in Drilling, Well Logging and Reservoir Applications[M]. Beverly: Scrivener Publishing LLC, 2014.
[12] 刘均, 袁峰. 钻柱内连续波信号传输模型与幅频特性研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2015, 36(1): 118-125.LIU J, YUAN F. Research on transport model and amplitude frequency characteristic of continuous wave signals inside a drill stem[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2015, 36(1):118-125.
[13] LI H T, CHEN R M, LI X J, et al.Investigation of pressure wave propagation and attenuation characteristics in wellbore gas-liquid two-phase flow[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science & Engineering, 2016(35):1088-1100.
[14] HAHN D, PETERS V, ROUATBI C, et al. Oscillating shear valve for mud pulse telemetry[P]. US: US7280432B2, 2007.
[15] PERRY C A, BURGESS D E, TURNER W E. Rotary pulser for transmitting information to the surface from a drill string down hole in a well[P]. US: US0034154A1, 2007.
[16] 王智明, 菅志军, 李相方,等. 连续波高速率泥浆脉冲器设计研究[J]. 石油天然气学报, 2008, 30(2): 611-613.WANG ZH M, JIAN ZH J, LI X F, et al. The study of structure design on high speed series wave mud pulser system[J]. Journal of Oil & Gas Technology, 2008, 30(2): 611-613.
[17] CHIN W C, SUY N, SHENGL M, et al. 超深井高速率连续波MWD信道传输系统[J].测井技术, 2014, 38(6): 713-721.CHIN W C, SU Y N, SHENG L M, et al. High-data-rate MWD system for very deep wells[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2014, 38(6): 713-721.
[18] SHEN Y, SU Y N, LI G S, et al. Numerical modeling of DPSK pressure signals and their transmission characteristics in mud channels[J]. Petroleum Science, 2009, 6(3): 266-270.
[19] 张煜, 裘正定, 熊轲, 等. 基于差分脉码调制的随钻测量数据压缩编码算法[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2010, 37(6): 748-755.ZHANG Y, QIU ZH D, XIONG K, et al. An algorithm for MWD data compression based on differential pulse code modulation[J]. Petroleum Exploration & Development, 2010, 37(6):748-755.
[20] REYES S, HUTIN R, TENNENT R W, et al. Mud pulse telemetry data modulation technique[P]. US, 8302685B2, 2012.
[21] 李婷, 史晓锋. 泥浆信道数据压缩和纠错联合编码研究[J]. 电子测量技术, 2016, 39(4): 133-135.LI T, SHI X F. Mud channel data compression and error correction coding research[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2016, 39(4): 133-135.
[22] SU Y N, SHENG L M, LI L, et al.High data rate measurement while drilling system for very deep wells[C]. AADE National Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2011.
[23] CHIN W C, SU Y N, SHENG L M, et al. Measurement while drilling (MWD) Signal Analysis, Optimization and Design[M]. Beverly: Scrivener Publishing LLC, 2014.
[24] 贾朋, 房军, 苏义脑, 等. 钻井液连续波信号发生器转阀水力转矩分析[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 34(1): 99-104.JIA P, FANG J, SU Y N, et al. Analysis on rotary valve hydraulic torque of drilling fluid continuous wave signal generator[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2010, 34(1):99-104.
[25] 王智明, 肖俊远, 菅志军. 旋转阀泥浆脉冲器转子水力特性研究[J]. 石油矿场机械, 2012, 41(3): 1-3.WANG ZH M, XIAO J Y, JIAN ZH J. Waterpower specialty study of the rotor on rotary valve mud pulser[J]. Oil Field Equipment, 2012, 41(3): 1-3.
[26] 魏亮, 王赤忠, 程烨, 等. 泥浆脉冲发生器转子水力转矩多相流数值模拟[J]. 现代机械, 2015 (6): 35-41.WEI L, WANG CH ZH, CHENG Y, et al. Numerical simulation of hydraulic characteristics of rotor in oscillating mud pulser regarding influence of multiphase flow[J]. Modern Machinery, 2015(6): 35-41.
[27] 程烨, 王智明, 陆庆超,等. 往复式泥浆脉冲发生器转子水力转矩[J]. 石油学报, 2014, 35(2): 385-389.CHENG Y, WANG ZH M, LU Q CH, et al. Hydraulic torque analysis on oscillating mud pulse for MWD/LWD[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2014, 35(2): 385-389.
[28] JONES P K, MALONE D, LAND S. Methods and apparatus for preventing jamming of encoder of logging while drilling tool[P]. US Patent 5249161A. 1993.
[29] YAN Z D, WEI C M, GENG Y F, et al. Design of a rotary valve orifice for a continuous wave mud pulse generator[J]. Precision Engineering, 2015, 41(3): 111-118.