安徽颍州西湖省级湿地自然保护区鸟类多样性
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摘要
2013年6月-2015年6月,对安徽颍州西湖省级湿地自然保护区内农田区、河流湿地和湖泊湿地3种典型生境的鸟类进行调查,共记录到鸟类123种,属于14目33科69属.按照季节和生境的不同对鸟类多样性进行分析,结果表明:颍州西湖湿地保护区秋季鸟类的物种数和密度显著高于其他季节,而夏季拥有最高的物种多样性指数和均匀度指数;在颍州西湖湿地保护区3种典型生境中,湖泊湿地的鸟类物种数显著多于河流湿地和农田区,同时,湖泊湿地和农田区鸟类密度、物种多样性指数、均匀度指数显著高于河流湿地,而河流湿地拥有最高的优势度指数.就科属水平上的多样性而言,该保护区鸟类群落科属间多样性为0.76.颍州西湖湿地是鸻鹬类和雁鸭类等迁徙鸟类的重要中途停歇地和越冬地.
From June,2013 to June,2015,an investigation of bird communities had been made in habitats of farmland,river wetland and lake wetland in Yingzhou West Lake Reserve. A total of 123 species were recorded,which belong to 14 orders,33 families and 69 genera. We analyzed the relative diversity indices. Results showed that the species number and density in autumn were higher than those in other seasons. The Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index in summer were the highest. The species number in lake wetland was the greatest among the three habitats. The density,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index in lake wetland and farmland were higher than those in river wetland. At the same time,the dominance index in river wetland was the highest. In terms of diversities at family and genus,the G-F index in Yingzhou West Lake Reserve was 0.76. Yingzhou West Lake Reserve is an important stopover and wintering site for shorebirds and Anatidae birds.
From June,2013 to June,2015,an investigation of bird communities had been made in habitats of farmland,river wetland and lake wetland in Yingzhou West Lake Reserve. A total of 123 species were recorded,which belong to 14 orders,33 families and 69 genera. We analyzed the relative diversity indices. Results showed that the species number and density in autumn were higher than those in other seasons. The Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index in summer were the highest. The species number in lake wetland was the greatest among the three habitats. The density,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index in lake wetland and farmland were higher than those in river wetland. At the same time,the dominance index in river wetland was the highest. In terms of diversities at family and genus,the G-F index in Yingzhou West Lake Reserve was 0.76. Yingzhou West Lake Reserve is an important stopover and wintering site for shorebirds and Anatidae birds.
引文
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[2]Savard JPL,Clergeau P,Mennechez G.Biodiversity concepts and urban ecosystems.Landscape and Urban Planning,2000,48(3/4):131-142.
[3]Pertti K.Birds as a tool in environmental monitoring.Annals of Zoological Fennica,1989,26(3):153-166.
[4]Sikdar PK,Mondal S,Saha L et al.Environmental impact assessment of a proposed info-tech complex in East Calcutta wetlands.Environmentalist,2002,22(3):241-260.
[5]Marburger JE.Volunteers monitor bird use of wetland restoration on public lands in Central Florida.Ecological Restoration,2002,20(3):164-172.
[6]Mori AS.Ecosystem management based on natural disturbances:hierarchical context and non-equilibrium paradigm.Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,48(2):280-292.
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[8]Gong Lei,Zhang Lili,Zhou Lizhi et al.Bird diversity in summer in Anqing floodplain wetlands,middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River.J Lake Sci,2013,25(6):872-882.DOI:10.18307/2013.0611.[宫蕾,张黎黎,周立志等.长江中下游安庆沿江湖泊湿地夏季鸟类多样性调查.湖泊科学,2013,25(6):872-882.]
[9]Yang Eryan,Zhou Lizhi,Fang Jianmin.Diversity and seasonal variations of avian community on the Yangtze River beach,Anqing,China.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2014,50(4):77-83.[杨二艳,周立志,方建民.长江安庆段滩地鸟类群落多样性及其季节动态.林业科学,2014,50(4):77-83.]
[10]Wang Song,Chang Li,Gao Fei et al.Species diversity and seasonal dynamics of waterbirds in Yingzhou Xihu Wetland Nature Reserve,Anhui.Wetland Science,2015,13(5):616-621.[王松,常丽,高飞等.安徽颍州西湖湿地自然保护区水鸟多样性及季节动态.湿地科学,2015,13(5):616-621.]
[11]Ge Zhenming,Wang Tianhou,Shi Wenyu et al.Seasonal change and habitat selection of shorebird community at the south Yangtze River Mouth and north Hangzhou Bay.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(1):40-47.[葛振鸣,王天厚,施文彧等.长江口杭州湾鸻形目鸟类群落季节变化和生境选择.生态学报,2006,26(1):40-47.]
[12]Gao Wei,Lu Jianjian.A restoration trial of bird habitat on the intertidal flats in the Yangtze Estuary and its short-term effects.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(5):2080-2089.[高伟,陆健健.长江口潮滩湿地鸟类适栖地营造实验及短期效应.生态学报,2008,28(5):2080-2089.]
[13]Lu Changhu,Tang Jian,Yuan Anquan.Wader bird community in winter and spring at fish ponds in Hongzehu Lake Wetlands.Chinese Journal of Zoology,2008,43(1):56-62.[鲁长虎,唐剑,袁安全.洪泽湖冬春季鱼塘生境中鸻鹬类群落特征与栖息模式.动物学杂志,2008,43(1):56-62.]
[14]Tang Chengjia,Lu Jianjian.A Study on ecological characteristics of community of the migrating waders in wetlands insides cofferdam near the Pudong National Airport.Chinese Journal of Zoology,2002,37(2):27-33.[唐承佳,陆健健.围垦堤内迁徙鸻鹬群落的生态学特性.动物学杂志,2002,37(2):27-33.]
[15]Hou Yinxu,Zhou Lizhi,Yang Chen et al.Disturbance to the Oriental White Stork(Ciconia boyciana)breeding in the wintering area.Zoological Research,2007,28(4):344-352.[侯银续,周立志,杨陈等.越冬地东方白鹳的繁殖干扰.动物学研究,2007,28(4):344-352.]
[16]Li Yongmin,Nie Chuanpeng,Liu Shengjie et al.Nest site characteristics of three heron species in Wuhu and adjacent regions.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(8):1430-1433.[李永民,聂传朋,刘生杰等.芜湖市及附近地区三种鹭鸟巢址特征.生态学杂志,2008,27(8):1430-1433.]
[17]Li Yongmin,Nie Chuanpeng.Nest site characteristics of Chinese pond-herons in Fuyang.Journal of Fuyang Teachers College:Natural Science,2014,31(1):42-45.[李永民,聂传朋.阜阳市池鹭巢址特征分析.阜阳师范学院学报:自然科学版,2014,31(1):42-45.]
[18]Liu Jiping,LüXianguo.Study on the spatial pattern of wetland bird richness and hotspots in Sanjiang Plain.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(20):5894-5902.[刘吉平,吕宪国.三江平原湿地鸟类丰富度的空间格局及热点地区保护.生态学报,2011,31(20):5894-5902.]
[19]Wang Song,Bao Fangyin,Zheng Wen et al.Biodiversity on birds of important wetlands in Huaihe river basin in Anhui,China.Journal of Huazhong Normal University:Natural Sciences,2009,43(4):652-659.[王松,鲍方印,郑文等.淮河流域(安徽段)重要湿地鸟类多样性研究.华中师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,43(4):652-659.]
[20]Bao Fangyin,Wang Song,Wang Mei et al.Field survey on wetland waterbird in Huaihe River basin in Anhui,China.Chinese Journal of Zoology,2011,46(4):117-125.[鲍方印,王松,王梅等.安徽沿淮湖泊湿地水鸟资源调查.动物学杂志,2011,46(4):117-125.]
[21]Li Yongmin,Jiang Shuanglin,Nie Chao et al.Preliminary investigation on the bird community in Yingzhou West Lake Provincial Wetland Nature Reserve.Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2010,29(2):240-243.[李永民,姜双林,聂超等.安徽颍州西湖省级湿地自然保护区鸟类资源调查初报.四川动物,2010,29(2):240-243.]
[22]Ma Keping,Liu Yuming.Measurement method I for biological community diversity:Alpha diversity measurement method(the second half).Chinese Biodiversity,1994,2(4):231-239.[马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法I:α多样性的测度方法(下).生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.]
[23]Jiang Zhigang,Ji Liqiang.Avian-mammalian species diversity in nine representative sites in China.Chinese Biodiversity,1999,7(3):220-225.[蒋志刚,纪力强.鸟兽物种多样性测度的G-F指数方法.生物多样性,1999,7(3):220-225.]
[24]Tang Qiyi,Feng Mingguang eds.DPS data processing system for practical statistics.Beijing:Science Press,2002.[唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统.北京:科学出版社,2002.]
[25]Farmer AH,Parent AH.Effects of the landscape on shorebird movements at spring migration stopovers.Condor,1997,99(3):698-707.
[26]Hedenstrom A,Alerstam T.Optimum fuel loads in migratory birds:distinguishing between time and energy minimization.Journal of Theoretical Biology,1998,189(3):227-234.
[27]Schaub M,Jenni L.Fuel deposition of three passerine bird species along the migration route.Oecologia,2000,122(3):306-317.
[28]Chen Shuihua,Ding Ping,Zheng Guangmei et al.The richness of island habitat avian communities and their influencing factors.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(2):141-149.[陈水华,丁平,郑光美等.岛屿栖息地鸟类群落的丰富度及其影响因子.生态学报,2002,22(2):141-149.]
[29]Wilson WHJ.Relationship between prey abundance and foraging site selection by Semipalmated sandpipers on a bay of Fundy mudflat.Journal of Field Ornithology,1990,61:9-19.
[30]Shepherd PCF,Boates JS.Effects of a commercial baitworm harvest on Semipalmated sandpipers and their prey in the Bay of Fundy hemispheric shorebird reserve.Conservation Biology,1999,13(2):347-356.
[2]Savard JPL,Clergeau P,Mennechez G.Biodiversity concepts and urban ecosystems.Landscape and Urban Planning,2000,48(3/4):131-142.
[3]Pertti K.Birds as a tool in environmental monitoring.Annals of Zoological Fennica,1989,26(3):153-166.
[4]Sikdar PK,Mondal S,Saha L et al.Environmental impact assessment of a proposed info-tech complex in East Calcutta wetlands.Environmentalist,2002,22(3):241-260.
[5]Marburger JE.Volunteers monitor bird use of wetland restoration on public lands in Central Florida.Ecological Restoration,2002,20(3):164-172.
[6]Mori AS.Ecosystem management based on natural disturbances:hierarchical context and non-equilibrium paradigm.Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,48(2):280-292.
[7]Luo Zijun,Zhou Lizhi,Gu Changming.Summer bird diversity of the major wetlands in Fuyang City.Ecological Science,2012,31(5):530-537.[罗子君,周立志,顾长明.阜阳市重要湿地夏季鸟类多样性研究.生态科学,2012,31(5):530-537.]
[8]Gong Lei,Zhang Lili,Zhou Lizhi et al.Bird diversity in summer in Anqing floodplain wetlands,middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River.J Lake Sci,2013,25(6):872-882.DOI:10.18307/2013.0611.[宫蕾,张黎黎,周立志等.长江中下游安庆沿江湖泊湿地夏季鸟类多样性调查.湖泊科学,2013,25(6):872-882.]
[9]Yang Eryan,Zhou Lizhi,Fang Jianmin.Diversity and seasonal variations of avian community on the Yangtze River beach,Anqing,China.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2014,50(4):77-83.[杨二艳,周立志,方建民.长江安庆段滩地鸟类群落多样性及其季节动态.林业科学,2014,50(4):77-83.]
[10]Wang Song,Chang Li,Gao Fei et al.Species diversity and seasonal dynamics of waterbirds in Yingzhou Xihu Wetland Nature Reserve,Anhui.Wetland Science,2015,13(5):616-621.[王松,常丽,高飞等.安徽颍州西湖湿地自然保护区水鸟多样性及季节动态.湿地科学,2015,13(5):616-621.]
[11]Ge Zhenming,Wang Tianhou,Shi Wenyu et al.Seasonal change and habitat selection of shorebird community at the south Yangtze River Mouth and north Hangzhou Bay.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(1):40-47.[葛振鸣,王天厚,施文彧等.长江口杭州湾鸻形目鸟类群落季节变化和生境选择.生态学报,2006,26(1):40-47.]
[12]Gao Wei,Lu Jianjian.A restoration trial of bird habitat on the intertidal flats in the Yangtze Estuary and its short-term effects.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(5):2080-2089.[高伟,陆健健.长江口潮滩湿地鸟类适栖地营造实验及短期效应.生态学报,2008,28(5):2080-2089.]
[13]Lu Changhu,Tang Jian,Yuan Anquan.Wader bird community in winter and spring at fish ponds in Hongzehu Lake Wetlands.Chinese Journal of Zoology,2008,43(1):56-62.[鲁长虎,唐剑,袁安全.洪泽湖冬春季鱼塘生境中鸻鹬类群落特征与栖息模式.动物学杂志,2008,43(1):56-62.]
[14]Tang Chengjia,Lu Jianjian.A Study on ecological characteristics of community of the migrating waders in wetlands insides cofferdam near the Pudong National Airport.Chinese Journal of Zoology,2002,37(2):27-33.[唐承佳,陆健健.围垦堤内迁徙鸻鹬群落的生态学特性.动物学杂志,2002,37(2):27-33.]
[15]Hou Yinxu,Zhou Lizhi,Yang Chen et al.Disturbance to the Oriental White Stork(Ciconia boyciana)breeding in the wintering area.Zoological Research,2007,28(4):344-352.[侯银续,周立志,杨陈等.越冬地东方白鹳的繁殖干扰.动物学研究,2007,28(4):344-352.]
[16]Li Yongmin,Nie Chuanpeng,Liu Shengjie et al.Nest site characteristics of three heron species in Wuhu and adjacent regions.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(8):1430-1433.[李永民,聂传朋,刘生杰等.芜湖市及附近地区三种鹭鸟巢址特征.生态学杂志,2008,27(8):1430-1433.]
[17]Li Yongmin,Nie Chuanpeng.Nest site characteristics of Chinese pond-herons in Fuyang.Journal of Fuyang Teachers College:Natural Science,2014,31(1):42-45.[李永民,聂传朋.阜阳市池鹭巢址特征分析.阜阳师范学院学报:自然科学版,2014,31(1):42-45.]
[18]Liu Jiping,LüXianguo.Study on the spatial pattern of wetland bird richness and hotspots in Sanjiang Plain.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(20):5894-5902.[刘吉平,吕宪国.三江平原湿地鸟类丰富度的空间格局及热点地区保护.生态学报,2011,31(20):5894-5902.]
[19]Wang Song,Bao Fangyin,Zheng Wen et al.Biodiversity on birds of important wetlands in Huaihe river basin in Anhui,China.Journal of Huazhong Normal University:Natural Sciences,2009,43(4):652-659.[王松,鲍方印,郑文等.淮河流域(安徽段)重要湿地鸟类多样性研究.华中师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,43(4):652-659.]
[20]Bao Fangyin,Wang Song,Wang Mei et al.Field survey on wetland waterbird in Huaihe River basin in Anhui,China.Chinese Journal of Zoology,2011,46(4):117-125.[鲍方印,王松,王梅等.安徽沿淮湖泊湿地水鸟资源调查.动物学杂志,2011,46(4):117-125.]
[21]Li Yongmin,Jiang Shuanglin,Nie Chao et al.Preliminary investigation on the bird community in Yingzhou West Lake Provincial Wetland Nature Reserve.Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2010,29(2):240-243.[李永民,姜双林,聂超等.安徽颍州西湖省级湿地自然保护区鸟类资源调查初报.四川动物,2010,29(2):240-243.]
[22]Ma Keping,Liu Yuming.Measurement method I for biological community diversity:Alpha diversity measurement method(the second half).Chinese Biodiversity,1994,2(4):231-239.[马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法I:α多样性的测度方法(下).生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.]
[23]Jiang Zhigang,Ji Liqiang.Avian-mammalian species diversity in nine representative sites in China.Chinese Biodiversity,1999,7(3):220-225.[蒋志刚,纪力强.鸟兽物种多样性测度的G-F指数方法.生物多样性,1999,7(3):220-225.]
[24]Tang Qiyi,Feng Mingguang eds.DPS data processing system for practical statistics.Beijing:Science Press,2002.[唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统.北京:科学出版社,2002.]
[25]Farmer AH,Parent AH.Effects of the landscape on shorebird movements at spring migration stopovers.Condor,1997,99(3):698-707.
[26]Hedenstrom A,Alerstam T.Optimum fuel loads in migratory birds:distinguishing between time and energy minimization.Journal of Theoretical Biology,1998,189(3):227-234.
[27]Schaub M,Jenni L.Fuel deposition of three passerine bird species along the migration route.Oecologia,2000,122(3):306-317.
[28]Chen Shuihua,Ding Ping,Zheng Guangmei et al.The richness of island habitat avian communities and their influencing factors.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(2):141-149.[陈水华,丁平,郑光美等.岛屿栖息地鸟类群落的丰富度及其影响因子.生态学报,2002,22(2):141-149.]
[29]Wilson WHJ.Relationship between prey abundance and foraging site selection by Semipalmated sandpipers on a bay of Fundy mudflat.Journal of Field Ornithology,1990,61:9-19.
[30]Shepherd PCF,Boates JS.Effects of a commercial baitworm harvest on Semipalmated sandpipers and their prey in the Bay of Fundy hemispheric shorebird reserve.Conservation Biology,1999,13(2):347-356.