油菜叶片营养物质含量和防御酶活性与其对黄宽条跳甲抗性的关系
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摘要
春油菜是内蒙古地区主要的油料作物,黄宽条跳甲Phyllotreta humilis Weise是春油菜苗期的重要害虫。实验室通过前期研究筛选了2个抗虫品种(‘大黄油菜’和‘太空蒙Ⅳ’)和1个感虫品种(‘青油14’),研究了不同品种油菜营养物质含量和防御酶活性与其对黄宽条跳甲抗性的关系。结果显示,不同抗虫性品种油菜苗期受黄宽条跳甲为害程度为:‘青油14’>‘大黄油菜’>‘太空蒙Ⅳ’,为害最高峰时为害指数分别为0.60>0.46>0.35。3个品种油菜可溶性糖含量为‘青油14’(5.24 mg/g)>‘大黄油菜’(5.10 mg/g)>‘太空蒙Ⅳ’(3.87 mg/g),可溶性糖含量越低,抗虫性越强;叶绿素则与之相反,含量越高抗虫性越强,3个品种油菜叶绿素含量分别为‘青油14’(0.49 mg/g)<‘大黄油菜’(0.78 mg/g)<‘太空蒙Ⅳ’(0.95 mg/g),且差异显著;可溶性蛋白与抗虫性没有明显的相关性。防御酶方面,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性与抗虫性密切相关,抗虫品种酶活性显著大于感虫品种;多酚氧化酶(PPO)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与抗虫性关系不明显。抗虫品种‘太空蒙Ⅳ’胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI)活性是‘青油14’的1.85倍,胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂(CI)活性不同品种间没有差异。油菜对黄宽条跳甲的抗虫性与油菜叶片可溶性糖和叶绿素含量有关,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)对抗虫性影响大,胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性越高,油菜抗虫性越强。
Spring rape is a major oil crop in Inner Mongolia. Phyllotreta humilis Weise is a serious pest of rape during the seedling stage. Two insect-resistant varieties(‘Dahuang Rape' and ‘Space Meng Ⅳ') and one susceptible variety(‘Qingyou 14') were chosen to study the resistance mechanism. In the three rape varieties tested, the damages caused by P.humilis could be arranged as followed: ‘Qingyou 14'>‘Dahuang Rape'>‘Space Meng Ⅳ' during the seedling stage, and the damage index was ‘Qingyou 14'(0.60)>‘Dahuang Rape'(0.46)>‘Space Meng Ⅳ'(0.35) during the peak period. The resistance index decreased with increasing amount of soluble sugars, and increased with increasing contents of chlorophyll. The amount of soluble sugars could be arranged as followed: ‘Qingyou 14'(5.24 mg/g)>‘Dahuang Rape'(5.10 mg/g)>‘Space Meng Ⅳ'(3.87 mg/g); the content of chlorophyll could be arranged as followed: ‘Qingyou 14'(0.49 mg/g) <‘Dahuang Rape'(0.78 mg/g)<‘Space Meng Ⅳ'(0.95 mg/g). The contents of soluble proteins had no correlation with the resistance of three tested rape cultivars. The activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase(PAL) and peroxidase(POD) in resistant varieties were higher than that of susceptible variety, but there was no significant difference in the activities of polyphenoloxidase(PPO) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) among different varieties. The trypsin inhibitor(TI) activity of ‘Space Meng Ⅳ' was 1.85 times higher than that of ‘Qingyou 14'. There was no difference in chymotrypsin inhibitor(CI) activity between different varieties of rape. The resistance of rape was related with the content of soluble sugars and chlorophyll. The activities of PAL and POD could affect the resistance of rape, and the resistance index of rape increased with increasing activity of TI.
Spring rape is a major oil crop in Inner Mongolia. Phyllotreta humilis Weise is a serious pest of rape during the seedling stage. Two insect-resistant varieties(‘Dahuang Rape' and ‘Space Meng Ⅳ') and one susceptible variety(‘Qingyou 14') were chosen to study the resistance mechanism. In the three rape varieties tested, the damages caused by P.humilis could be arranged as followed: ‘Qingyou 14'>‘Dahuang Rape'>‘Space Meng Ⅳ' during the seedling stage, and the damage index was ‘Qingyou 14'(0.60)>‘Dahuang Rape'(0.46)>‘Space Meng Ⅳ'(0.35) during the peak period. The resistance index decreased with increasing amount of soluble sugars, and increased with increasing contents of chlorophyll. The amount of soluble sugars could be arranged as followed: ‘Qingyou 14'(5.24 mg/g)>‘Dahuang Rape'(5.10 mg/g)>‘Space Meng Ⅳ'(3.87 mg/g); the content of chlorophyll could be arranged as followed: ‘Qingyou 14'(0.49 mg/g) <‘Dahuang Rape'(0.78 mg/g)<‘Space Meng Ⅳ'(0.95 mg/g). The contents of soluble proteins had no correlation with the resistance of three tested rape cultivars. The activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase(PAL) and peroxidase(POD) in resistant varieties were higher than that of susceptible variety, but there was no significant difference in the activities of polyphenoloxidase(PPO) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) among different varieties. The trypsin inhibitor(TI) activity of ‘Space Meng Ⅳ' was 1.85 times higher than that of ‘Qingyou 14'. There was no difference in chymotrypsin inhibitor(CI) activity between different varieties of rape. The resistance of rape was related with the content of soluble sugars and chlorophyll. The activities of PAL and POD could affect the resistance of rape, and the resistance index of rape increased with increasing activity of TI.
引文
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[15] 林凤敏,吴敌,陆宴辉,等.棉花叶片茸毛性状与绿盲蝽抗性的关系[J].植物保护学报,2010,37(2):165-171.
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[24] 王丽丽,栾炳辉,岳林旭,等.不同葡萄品种对越冬代绿盲蝽的抗性分析[J].植物保护学报,2017,44(4):595-600.
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[29] 宋培玲,张键,郝丽芬,等.不同抗性油菜品种接种黑胫病菌防御酶活性变化研究[J].华北农学报,2015,30(2):110-115.
[30] CHAMAN M E,COPAJA S V,ARGANDONA V H.Relationships between salicylic acid content,phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL) activity,and resistance of barley to aphid infestation [J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2003,51(8):2227-2231.
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[32] TAMHANE V A,GIRI A P,SAINANI M N,et al.Diverse forms of PinII family proteinase inhibitors from Capsicum annuum adversely affect the growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera [J].Gene,2007,403:29-38.
[33] 蔡冲,徐盈盈,崔旭红.番茄不同抗性品种响应B型烟粉虱胁迫的生理特性[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(13):2524-2533.
[2] 廖伯寿,殷艳,马霓.中国油料作物产业发展回顾与展望[J].农学学报,2018,8(1):107-112.
[3] 吴崇友,王积军,廖庆喜,等.油菜生产现状与问题分析[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(1):124-131.
[4] TANGTRAKULWANICH K,REDDY G V P,WU S H,et al.Developing nominal threshold levels for Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) damage on canola in Montana,USA [J].Crop Protection,2014,66:8-13.
[5] 钦俊德.昆虫与植物的关系[J].生物学通报,1985(10):16-18.
[6] VISSER J H.Differential sensory perceptions of plant compounds by insects [J].American Chemical Society,1983,208:215-230.
[7] 黄炜东.两色绿刺蛾为害对毛竹营养物质的影响[J].竹子研究汇刊,2006,25(4):24-27.
[8] 何菁,周福才,苏宏华,等.辣椒品种对烟粉虱的抗生性研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2017,54(4):629-938.
[9] 王伟,徐建民,李光友,等.24个桉树品系遭受桉树枝瘿姬小蜂危害后防御酶活性变化[J].中南林业大学学报,2012,32(6):24-28.
[10] 符伟,朱春晖,刘勇,等.不同辣椒品种抗(耐)西花蓟马的初步筛选及苗期防御酶的变化[J].生物安全学报,2013,22(1):28-32.
[11] PECHAN T,COHEN A,WILLIAMS W P,et al.Insect feeding mobilizes a unique plant defense protease that disrupts the peritrophic matrix of caterpillars[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Science,2002,99(20):13319-13323.
[12] 王荣春,孙建华,何述栋,等.胰蛋白酶抑制剂的结构与功能研究进展[J].食品科学,2013,34(9):364-368.
[13] GATEHOUSE A M R,GATEHOUSE J A,DOBIE P,et al.Biochemical basis of insect resistance in Vigna unguiculata [J].Journal of Science Food Agriculture,1979,30(10):948-958.
[14] 贺春贵,潘峰,王国利,等.油菜蚤跳甲的为害分级及习性[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2000,35(4):377-381.
[15] 林凤敏,吴敌,陆宴辉,等.棉花叶片茸毛性状与绿盲蝽抗性的关系[J].植物保护学报,2010,37(2):165-171.
[16] BRADFORD M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding [J].Analytical Biochemistry,1976,72:248-254.
[17] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[18] 孙群,胡景江.植物生理学研究技术[M].杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社,2006:168-170.
[19] 高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[20] 张健,严善春,王琪.叶松结实量对其防御酶和蛋白酶抑制剂活力的影响[J].林业科学,2009,45(8):96-100.
[21] 周福锁.植物营养的生态生理学和遗传学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993:181-182.
[22] 周奋启.不同茄子品种对烟粉虱的抗性及其生理生化机制研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2011.
[23] 杨乃博,伍苏然,沈林波,等.不同螟虫抗性甘蔗种质营养物质含量比较[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(1):58-61.
[24] 王丽丽,栾炳辉,岳林旭,等.不同葡萄品种对越冬代绿盲蝽的抗性分析[J].植物保护学报,2017,44(4):595-600.
[25] 李传明,何菁,顾爱祥,等.烟粉虱取食对不同抗虫性辣椒品种营养物质和抗性物质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017:25(10):1456-1462.
[26] 李勇.美洲斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae)对番茄属的寄主选择性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2000.
[27] 成卫宁,仵均祥,李修炼,等.美洲斑潜蝇寄主抗虫性与寄主叶片化学物质和物理结构的关系[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2006:45(5):71-75.
[28] 钦俊德.植物与昆虫的相互关系:论昆虫与植物的相互作用及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:38-61.
[29] 宋培玲,张键,郝丽芬,等.不同抗性油菜品种接种黑胫病菌防御酶活性变化研究[J].华北农学报,2015,30(2):110-115.
[30] CHAMAN M E,COPAJA S V,ARGANDONA V H.Relationships between salicylic acid content,phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL) activity,and resistance of barley to aphid infestation [J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2003,51(8):2227-2231.
[31] MACEDO M L R,MELLO G C,FREIRE M G M,et al.Effect of a trypsin inhibitor form Dimorphandra mollis seeds on the development of Callosobruchus maculates[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2002,40:891-898.
[32] TAMHANE V A,GIRI A P,SAINANI M N,et al.Diverse forms of PinII family proteinase inhibitors from Capsicum annuum adversely affect the growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera [J].Gene,2007,403:29-38.
[33] 蔡冲,徐盈盈,崔旭红.番茄不同抗性品种响应B型烟粉虱胁迫的生理特性[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(13):2524-2533.