利用平滑先验信息方法分离高频GPS数据静态永久变形与地震波
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摘要
震后高频GPS观测资料详细记录了地震引起的静态永久变形和地震波信息,如何实现二者的有效分离是准确反演地震参数的关键因素。本文引入平滑先验信息方法(SPM)对近几年3次地震的高频GPS数据进行处理和分析,尝试实现二者的有效分离。结果表明,SPM方法可以简单、快速、有效地分离高频GPS动态位移中的静态永久变形和地震波信息,数据处理结果完整、清晰地记录了由主震引起的静态永久变形、余震引起的静态永久变形和震后余滑位移以及地震波信息,可为准确反演震源参数、断层破裂过程提供重要的约束条件。
The high-rate GPS data recorded detailed information of the static offset and the seismic wave when the earthquake occurred.Accurate separation is very important for the rapid inversion and disaster assessment after earthquake.Inthispaper,the smoothness priors method(SPM)was introduced to deal with the high-rate GPS data.Through the processing and analysis of the high-rate GPS data from three different earthquakes in recent years,it is indicated that the SPM method can be used to separate the static offset and the seismic wave from high-rate GPS data simply,quickly and effectively.The processing results clearly recorded the information of the static offset induced by main shock and strong aftershock,the post-seismic deformation and the seismic wave,which can be provided to restrain the accurate inversion of the seismic source parameters and the fault rupture process.
The high-rate GPS data recorded detailed information of the static offset and the seismic wave when the earthquake occurred.Accurate separation is very important for the rapid inversion and disaster assessment after earthquake.Inthispaper,the smoothness priors method(SPM)was introduced to deal with the high-rate GPS data.Through the processing and analysis of the high-rate GPS data from three different earthquakes in recent years,it is indicated that the SPM method can be used to separate the static offset and the seismic wave from high-rate GPS data simply,quickly and effectively.The processing results clearly recorded the information of the static offset induced by main shock and strong aftershock,the post-seismic deformation and the seismic wave,which can be provided to restrain the accurate inversion of the seismic source parameters and the fault rupture process.
引文
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[15]BOCK H,DACH R,JAGGI A,et al.High-rate GPS Clock Corrections from CODE:Support of 1Hz Applications[J].Journal of Geodesy,2009,83(11):1083-1094.
[16]CHOI K,BILICH A,LARSON K M,et al.Modified Sidereal Filtering:Implications for High-rate GPS Positioning[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(22):L22608.
[17]LAY T,WALLACE T C.Modern Global Seismology[M].San Diego,California:Academic Press,1995.
[18]杨少敏,聂兆生,贾志革,等.GPS解算的日本Mw9.0级地震的远场同震地表位移[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(11):1336-1339.YANG Shaomin,NIE Zhaosheng,JIA Zhige,et al.Far-field Coseismic Surface Displacement Caused by the Mw 9.0Tohoku Earthquake[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2011,36(11):1336-1339.
[19]许才军,刘洋,温扬茂.利用GPS资料反演汶川Mw7.9级地震滑动分布[J].测绘学报,2009,38(3):195-201,215.XU Caijun,LIU Yang,WEN Yangmao.Mw7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake Slip Distribution Inversion from GPS Measurements[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2009,38(3):195-201,215.
[20]吴继忠,吴文坛.利用高频GPS进行地震动态变形分析及地震定位[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(2):20-23.WU Jizhong,WU Wentan.Kinematic Analysis of Coseismic Deformation and Seismic Location Using High-rate GPS[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32(2):20-23.
[21]JIANG Zaisen,WANG Min,WANG Yanzhao,et al.GPS Constrained Coseismic Source and Slip Distribution of the2013 Mw6.6Lushan,China,Earthquake and Its Tectonic Implications[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2014,41(2):407-413.
[22]谭凯,乔学军,杨少敏,等.汶川地震GPS形变约束的破裂分段特征及滑移[J].测绘学报,2011,40(6):703-709.TAN Kai,QIAO Xuejun,YANG Shaomin,et al.Rupture Characteristic and Slip Constrained by GPS Coseismic Deformation Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2011,40(6):703-709.
[23]WANG Qi,ZHANG Peizhen,FREYMUELLER J T,et al.Present-day Crustal Deformation in China Constrained by Global Positioning System Measurements[J].Science,2001,294(5542):574-577.
[24]李萌,黄丁发,严丽,等.汶川地震前后四川盆地CORS站运动特性分析[J].测绘学报,2014,43(6):582-589.DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0107.LI Meng,HUANG Dingfa,YAN Li,et al.Characteristics of Position Time Series at CORS Stations in Sichuan Basin before and after Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2014,43(6):582-589.DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0107.
[25]王敏,李强,王凡,等.全球定位系统测定的2011年日本宫城Mw9.0级地震远场同震位移[J].科学通报,2011,56(20):1593-1596.WANG Min,LI Qiang,WANG Fan,et al.Far-field Coseismic Displacements Associated with the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake in Japan Observed by Global Positioning System[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56(20):1593-1596.
[26]徐韶光,熊永良,廖华,等.汶川地震同震形变的静态和动态分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(3):27-30,54.XU Shaoguang,XIONG Yongliang,LIAO Hua,et al.Static and Kinematic Analysis of Coseismic Deformation of Wenchuan Ms8.0Earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2010,30(3):27-30,54.
[2]陈九辉,刘启元,李顺成,等.青藏高原东北缘-鄂尔多斯地块地壳上地幔S波速度结构[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):333-342.CHEN Jiuhui,LIU Qiyuan,LI Shuncheng,et al.Crust and Upper Mantle S-wave Velocity Structure Across Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and Ordos Block[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(2):333-342.
[3]刘瑞丰,党京平,陈培善.利用速度型数字地震仪记录测定面波震级[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1996,17(2):1-4.LIU Ruifeng,DANG Jingping,CHEN Peishan.Determination or Surface Wave Magnitude by Using Velocity Type Digital Seimograph Recordings[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,1996,17(2):1-4.
[4]LARSON K M.GPS Seismology[J].Journal of Geodesy,2009,83(3-4):227-233.
[5]LARSON K M,BODIN P,GOMBERG J.Using 1-Hz GPS Data to Measure Deformations Caused by the Denali Fault Earthquake[J].Science,2003,300(5624):1421-1424.
[6]JI Chen,LARSON K M,TAN Ying,et al.Slip History of the 2003San Simeon Earthquake Constrained by Combining 1Hz GPS,Strong Motion,and Teleseismic Data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(17):L17608.
[7]ANZIDEI M,BOSCHI E,CANNELLI V,et al.Coseismic Deformation of the Destructive April 6,2009 L’Aquila Earthquake(Central Italy)from GPS Data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2009,36(17):L17307.
[8]李志才,张鹏,金双根,等.基于GPS观测数据的汶川地震断层形变反演分析[J].测绘学报,2009,38(2):108-113,119.LI Zhicai,ZHANG Peng,JIN Shuanggen,et al.Wenchuan Earthquake Deformation Fault Inversion and Analysis Based on GPS Observations[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2009,38(2):108-113,119.
[9]LARSON K M,MIYAZAKI S.Resolving Static Offsets from High-rate GPS Data:the 2003Tokachi-Oki Earthquake[J].Earth,Planets and Space,2008,60(8):801-808.
[10]郭爱智,王勇,苏晓庆,等.利用小波分解重构提取高频GPS数据静态永久性变形[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2013,38(10):1192-1195.GUO Aizhi,WANG Yong,SU Xiaoqing,et al.Resolving Static Offset from High-rate GPS Data by Wavelet Decomposition-reconstruction Algorithm[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2013,38(10):1192-1195.
[11]TARVAINEN M P,RANTA-AHO P O,KARJALAINEN P A.An Advanced Detrending Method with Application to HRV Analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,2002,49(2):172-175.
[12]GERSCH W.Smoothness Priors[M]//BRILLINGER D,CAINES P,GEWEKE J,et al.New Directions in Time Series Analysis.New York:Springer,1993.
[13]KARJALAINEN P A.Regularization and Bayesian Methods for Evoked Potential Estimation[D].Kuopio:University of Kuopio,1997.
[14]詹金刚,王勇,史红岭,等.应用平滑先验信息方法移除GRACE数据中相关误差[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(4):1135-1144.ZHAN Jingang,WANG Yong,SHI Hongling,et al.Removing Correlative Errors in GRACE Data by the Smoothness Priors Method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(4):1135-1144.
[15]BOCK H,DACH R,JAGGI A,et al.High-rate GPS Clock Corrections from CODE:Support of 1Hz Applications[J].Journal of Geodesy,2009,83(11):1083-1094.
[16]CHOI K,BILICH A,LARSON K M,et al.Modified Sidereal Filtering:Implications for High-rate GPS Positioning[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(22):L22608.
[17]LAY T,WALLACE T C.Modern Global Seismology[M].San Diego,California:Academic Press,1995.
[18]杨少敏,聂兆生,贾志革,等.GPS解算的日本Mw9.0级地震的远场同震地表位移[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(11):1336-1339.YANG Shaomin,NIE Zhaosheng,JIA Zhige,et al.Far-field Coseismic Surface Displacement Caused by the Mw 9.0Tohoku Earthquake[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2011,36(11):1336-1339.
[19]许才军,刘洋,温扬茂.利用GPS资料反演汶川Mw7.9级地震滑动分布[J].测绘学报,2009,38(3):195-201,215.XU Caijun,LIU Yang,WEN Yangmao.Mw7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake Slip Distribution Inversion from GPS Measurements[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2009,38(3):195-201,215.
[20]吴继忠,吴文坛.利用高频GPS进行地震动态变形分析及地震定位[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(2):20-23.WU Jizhong,WU Wentan.Kinematic Analysis of Coseismic Deformation and Seismic Location Using High-rate GPS[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32(2):20-23.
[21]JIANG Zaisen,WANG Min,WANG Yanzhao,et al.GPS Constrained Coseismic Source and Slip Distribution of the2013 Mw6.6Lushan,China,Earthquake and Its Tectonic Implications[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2014,41(2):407-413.
[22]谭凯,乔学军,杨少敏,等.汶川地震GPS形变约束的破裂分段特征及滑移[J].测绘学报,2011,40(6):703-709.TAN Kai,QIAO Xuejun,YANG Shaomin,et al.Rupture Characteristic and Slip Constrained by GPS Coseismic Deformation Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2011,40(6):703-709.
[23]WANG Qi,ZHANG Peizhen,FREYMUELLER J T,et al.Present-day Crustal Deformation in China Constrained by Global Positioning System Measurements[J].Science,2001,294(5542):574-577.
[24]李萌,黄丁发,严丽,等.汶川地震前后四川盆地CORS站运动特性分析[J].测绘学报,2014,43(6):582-589.DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0107.LI Meng,HUANG Dingfa,YAN Li,et al.Characteristics of Position Time Series at CORS Stations in Sichuan Basin before and after Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2014,43(6):582-589.DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0107.
[25]王敏,李强,王凡,等.全球定位系统测定的2011年日本宫城Mw9.0级地震远场同震位移[J].科学通报,2011,56(20):1593-1596.WANG Min,LI Qiang,WANG Fan,et al.Far-field Coseismic Displacements Associated with the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake in Japan Observed by Global Positioning System[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56(20):1593-1596.
[26]徐韶光,熊永良,廖华,等.汶川地震同震形变的静态和动态分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(3):27-30,54.XU Shaoguang,XIONG Yongliang,LIAO Hua,et al.Static and Kinematic Analysis of Coseismic Deformation of Wenchuan Ms8.0Earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2010,30(3):27-30,54.