几种新型肥料对水稻产量及稻米镉含量的影响
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摘要
[目的]探究几种新型肥料对水稻产量及稻米镉含量的影响。[方法]早、晚稻分别采用陆两优996和五优308,设置5种肥料处理,分别为生物酵素有机肥(F_1)、叶面肥(F_2)、果肥(F_3)和土壤改质肥(F_4)及不施肥处理(CK)。[结果]施用新型肥料能提高水稻的产量,与不施肥处理相比,早稻可增产34.97%~45.97%,晚稻可增产10.76%~37.62%。早、晚稻均以施用叶面肥的增产效果最好,分别为9 362.37、11 405.18 kg/hm~2。有机肥、叶面肥、果肥和土壤改质肥均能降低稻米中镉含量,早、晚稻分别以果肥、土壤改质肥的降镉效果最好,分别比不施肥少45.45%、35.71%,且稻米镉含量均为0.18 mg/kg。[结论]在保障产量和防治重金属污染的前提下,施用果肥既能提高水稻的产量,又能降低稻米中的镉含量,是一种高产、优质的新型肥料。
[Objective]In order to explore the effect of several new fertilizers on yield of rice and cadmium content in rice.[Method]Using Luliangyou 996 and Wuyou308 as early and late rice species respectively,field experiment was carried out by five fertilizer treatments: biological ferment organic fertilizer( F_1),foliar fertilizer( F_2),fruit fertilizer( F_3),modified soil fertilizer organic fertilizer( F_4) and non-fertilizer treatment( CK). [Result]Application of new fertilizer can increase rice yield,and compared with non fertilization,yield of early rice and late rice can increase by 34. 97%-45. 97% and 10. 76%-37. 62% respectively. Foliar fertilizer had best effect for promoting production,yield of early rice and late rice was 9 362. 37 kg/hm2,11 405. 18 kg/hm~2,respectively. Organic fertilizer,foliar fertilizer,fruit fertilizer and soil modified fertilizer can all reduce the cadmium content in rice,and cadmium content in early rice and late rice was lowest by fruit fertilizer and soil amendment fertilizer,which was lower than non-fertilizer by 45. 45%,35. 71% respectively,and the cadmium content of brown rice was both 0. 18 mg/kg. [Conclusion]Under the premise of ensuring yield and preventing heavy metal pollution,applying fruit fertilizer can not only increase rice yield,but also reduce cadmium content in rice,which is a new kind of fertilizer with high yield and high quality.
[Objective]In order to explore the effect of several new fertilizers on yield of rice and cadmium content in rice.[Method]Using Luliangyou 996 and Wuyou308 as early and late rice species respectively,field experiment was carried out by five fertilizer treatments: biological ferment organic fertilizer( F_1),foliar fertilizer( F_2),fruit fertilizer( F_3),modified soil fertilizer organic fertilizer( F_4) and non-fertilizer treatment( CK). [Result]Application of new fertilizer can increase rice yield,and compared with non fertilization,yield of early rice and late rice can increase by 34. 97%-45. 97% and 10. 76%-37. 62% respectively. Foliar fertilizer had best effect for promoting production,yield of early rice and late rice was 9 362. 37 kg/hm2,11 405. 18 kg/hm~2,respectively. Organic fertilizer,foliar fertilizer,fruit fertilizer and soil modified fertilizer can all reduce the cadmium content in rice,and cadmium content in early rice and late rice was lowest by fruit fertilizer and soil amendment fertilizer,which was lower than non-fertilizer by 45. 45%,35. 71% respectively,and the cadmium content of brown rice was both 0. 18 mg/kg. [Conclusion]Under the premise of ensuring yield and preventing heavy metal pollution,applying fruit fertilizer can not only increase rice yield,but also reduce cadmium content in rice,which is a new kind of fertilizer with high yield and high quality.
引文
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[13]陈亚刚,陈雪梅,张玉刚,等.微生物抗重金属的生理机制[J].生物技术通报,2009(10):60-65.
[14]杨兰花,彭铁山,唐子忠.2种复合型叶面肥在水稻上的增产效果研究[J].湖南农业科学,2010(8):26-27.
[15]苏瑞芳,李秀玲,张婉英,等.商品有机肥对水稻生长、产量及稻米品质影响[J].上海农业学报,2008,24(4):127-130.
[16]江巧君,周琴,韩亮亮,等.有机肥对镉胁迫下不同基因型水稻镉吸收和分配的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):9-14.
[17]文志琦,赵艳玲,崔冠男,等.水稻营养器官镉积累特性对稻米镉含量的影响[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(8):1280-1286.
[2]朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.
[3]詹杰,魏树和,牛荣成.我国稻田土壤镉污染现状及安全生产新措施[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(7):1257-1263.
[4]项忠兰,傅金平,王国平.新型水溶肥料在水稻上应用的肥效试验[J].农业装备技术,2013,39(6):37-38.
[5]许春华.水稻新型肥料试验总结[J].农业开发与装备,2013(6):52.
[6]姚义,谢成林,吴嘉点,等.新型肥料“丰卉尿素”在水稻上的应用效果初探[J].中国稻米,2016,22(1):79-81.
[7]陈雪丽,王玉峰,张磊,等.生物型水稻专用肥在黑土上的应用效果[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(4):147-151.
[8]汤海涛,李卫东,孙玉桃,等.不同叶面肥对轻度重金属污染稻田水稻重金属积累调控效果研究[J].湖南农业科学,2013(1):40-44.
[9]陈远其,张煜,陈国梁.石灰对土壤重金属污染修复研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(8):1419-1424.
[10]MADHAIYAN M,POONGUZHALI S,SA T.Metal tolerating methylotrophic bacteria reduces nickel and cadmium toxicity and promotes plant growth of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum L.)[J].Chemosphere,2007,69(2):220-228.
[11]KUFFNER M,DE MARIA S,PUSCHENREITER M,et al.Culturable bacteria from Zn-and Cd-accumulating Salix caprea with differential effects on plant growth and heavy metal availability[J].Journal of applied microbiology,2010,108(4):1471-1484.
[12]BABU A G,REDDY M S.Dual inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal and phosphate solubilizing fungi contributes in sustainable maintenance of plant health in fly ash ponds[J].Water,air and soil pollution,2011,219(1/2/3/4):3-10.
[13]陈亚刚,陈雪梅,张玉刚,等.微生物抗重金属的生理机制[J].生物技术通报,2009(10):60-65.
[14]杨兰花,彭铁山,唐子忠.2种复合型叶面肥在水稻上的增产效果研究[J].湖南农业科学,2010(8):26-27.
[15]苏瑞芳,李秀玲,张婉英,等.商品有机肥对水稻生长、产量及稻米品质影响[J].上海农业学报,2008,24(4):127-130.
[16]江巧君,周琴,韩亮亮,等.有机肥对镉胁迫下不同基因型水稻镉吸收和分配的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):9-14.
[17]文志琦,赵艳玲,崔冠男,等.水稻营养器官镉积累特性对稻米镉含量的影响[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(8):1280-1286.