不同早期施肥模式对双季稻区机插晚稻养分与干物质积累及产量的影响
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摘要
为了探明不同早期施肥模式对洞庭湖双季稻区机插晚稻养分、干物质积累及产量的影响,以不施肥为对照(CK),研究了基肥∶分蘖肥=5∶5(T1)、基肥∶分蘖肥=7∶3(T2)和轻简化一次性施肥(T3)等3种不同早期施肥模式,对机插晚稻干物质积累、产量构成和产量及养分积累的影响。结果表明:2个年份中,T2处理机插晚稻大田全生育期最短,均为98 d,T3处理大田生育期最长,分别为104 d和101 d; T2和T3处理株高最高,CK处理最矮;T2处理茎、叶和籽粒干物质积累量均明显高于T1、T3和CK处理。各处理产量表现为T2> T1> T3> CK,施肥各处理间晚稻产量差异不显著,其中T2处理最高,晚稻平均产量分别为8154 kg/hm2(2015)和6703. 5 kg/hm2(2016),比CK处理平均增产67. 36%和9. 16%。T2处理的植株对N、P、K素总积累量最高,T3处理次之,CK处理最低。因此,基于植株的干物质和养分积累、水稻产量等方面的情况,在洞庭湖双季稻区施用纯N 180 kg/hm2条件下,机插晚稻早期基肥与分蘖肥比例对物质积累与产量影响并不大。
In order to explore the effects of different early fertilization modes on the dry matter accumulation,yield components,yield and nutrients accumulate of the late rice planted by machine in Dongting Lake double-cropping rice area,the different fertilization modes were including three treatments: no fertilizer input as a control( CK),base fertilizer∶ tiller fertilizer = 5∶ 5( T1),base fertilizer∶ tiller fertilizer = 7∶ 3( T2),light simplified one-time fertilization( T3). The results showed that: the growth periods of late rice plant with T2 were all 98 d during 2015 and 2016 respectively; and the growth period of late rice plant with T3 treatment were 104 d and 101 d during the two years respectively. Plant height of late rice of T2 treatment was the highest,the plant height of CK was the lowest; the dry matter accumulation of all parts of the late rice plants of T2 was higher than those of T1,T3 and CK treatment. The yield order of late rice plant was T2 > T1 > T3 >CK,but there were no significant differences. The yields of T2 were 8154 kg/hm2 and 6541. 5 kg/hm2 respectively during the two years,compared with CK treatment,it increased by 62. 5%,56. 8%( 2015) and 6. 52%,4. 08%( 2016) respectively. The total accumulation of N,P and K were T2 > T3 > T1 > CK. In summary,based on the dry matter,nutrient accumulation,rice yield and other aspects of the situation,the ratio of base fertilizer and tiller fertilizer had not obvious effect on the material accumulation and yield of machine-transplanted late rice in Dongting Lake double-cropping rice area at level of pure N 180 kg/hm2.
In order to explore the effects of different early fertilization modes on the dry matter accumulation,yield components,yield and nutrients accumulate of the late rice planted by machine in Dongting Lake double-cropping rice area,the different fertilization modes were including three treatments: no fertilizer input as a control( CK),base fertilizer∶ tiller fertilizer = 5∶ 5( T1),base fertilizer∶ tiller fertilizer = 7∶ 3( T2),light simplified one-time fertilization( T3). The results showed that: the growth periods of late rice plant with T2 were all 98 d during 2015 and 2016 respectively; and the growth period of late rice plant with T3 treatment were 104 d and 101 d during the two years respectively. Plant height of late rice of T2 treatment was the highest,the plant height of CK was the lowest; the dry matter accumulation of all parts of the late rice plants of T2 was higher than those of T1,T3 and CK treatment. The yield order of late rice plant was T2 > T1 > T3 >CK,but there were no significant differences. The yields of T2 were 8154 kg/hm2 and 6541. 5 kg/hm2 respectively during the two years,compared with CK treatment,it increased by 62. 5%,56. 8%( 2015) and 6. 52%,4. 08%( 2016) respectively. The total accumulation of N,P and K were T2 > T3 > T1 > CK. In summary,based on the dry matter,nutrient accumulation,rice yield and other aspects of the situation,the ratio of base fertilizer and tiller fertilizer had not obvious effect on the material accumulation and yield of machine-transplanted late rice in Dongting Lake double-cropping rice area at level of pure N 180 kg/hm2.
引文
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[15]丁凌云,蓝崇钰,林建平,等.不同改良剂对重金属污染农田水稻产量和重金属吸收的影响[J].生态环境学报,2006,15(6):1204-1208.
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[2]张军,张洪程,段祥茂,等.地力与施氮量对超级稻产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(11):2020-2029.
[3]董春华,曾闹华,高菊生,等.长期不同施肥模式下红壤性稻田水稻产量及有机碳含量变化特征[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(2):193-198.
[4]薛利红,覃夏,李刚华,等.基蘖肥氮不同比例对直播早稻群体动态、氮素吸收利用及产量形成的影响[J].土壤,2010,42(5):815-821.
[5]范立慧.不同地力下水稻适宜基蘖肥配比研究[D].南京:南京农业大学硕士学位论文,2016.
[6]冯卫东,王兴盛,李绍先,等.水稻基、追肥不同施肥量、不同施肥时期及比例研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2010,32(2):28-29.
[7]林月荣,韦永月.不同基蘖肥与穗粒肥比例对水稻抛秧成穗率及其产量的影响[J].广西农学报,2002,8(2):5-7.
[8]黄国龙,康敏,殷勤,等.施肥方式对机插双季稻群体生长和产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2018(3):33-35.
[9]李铁牛,晏国华,徐一兰,等.不同追肥时期和施肥量对机插双季晚稻产量和经济效益的影响[J].作物研究,2014,28(6):589-592.
[10]李华,徐长青,李世峰,等.不同氮肥管理对机插水稻产量及氮肥利用的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2008,36(5):39-41.
[11]徐一兰,唐海明,程爱武,等.双季稻区长期不同施肥模式对水稻干物质积累及产量的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(5):674-680.
[12]聂凌利,何杰,李翊君,等.不同基追肥比例对湖南省双季稻产量及干物质积累的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(9):1-6.
[13]邓国才.不同施肥量对水稻营养特征及产量的影响[D].贵阳:贵州大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[14]陈恺林,刘功朋,张玉烛,等.不同施肥模式对水稻干物质、产量及其植株中氮、磷、钾含量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(4):1-5.
[15]丁凌云,蓝崇钰,林建平,等.不同改良剂对重金属污染农田水稻产量和重金属吸收的影响[J].生态环境学报,2006,15(6):1204-1208.
[16]袁隆平.杂交水稻超高产育种[J].杂交水稻,1997,15(6):1-6.
[17]杨从党,周能,袁平荣,等.高产水稻品种的物质生长特性[J].西南农业学报,1998,11(S3):90-95.