新型氮肥对水稻产量养分积累及吸收利用的影响
|
摘要
【目的】研究不同新型氮肥对贵州水稻产量、生物量及养分吸收利用的影响,探讨其在水稻种植中的节肥增产效果,筛选适宜贵州山区水稻种植的高效新型氮肥。【方法】以水稻品种乐优58为试验材料,设置普通尿素和4种新型氮肥不同施肥方案的大田对比试验。【结果】相对于普通尿素处理,新型氮肥处理均能在一定程度上改善水稻产量构成因素,增加水稻产量和地上部分生物量,其中腐植酸尿素处理水稻增产率和籽粒生物量最高,分别为16.28%、84.44 g/穴;控失尿素、腐植酸尿素、控失尿素一次追肥和普通尿素+等量锌肥处理均能提高水稻地上部分氮、磷、钾积累量,且腐植酸尿素处理能使水稻养分更多的积累在籽粒当中;腐植酸尿素处理水稻的氮肥利用率、肥料偏生产力、养分收获指数、养分吸收效率及氮肥农学效率综合表现最好,促进了水稻对养分的吸收利用。【结论】在贵州稻区施用腐殖酸尿素的效果最好。
【Objective】The test aimed to research the influences different new-type nitrogenous fertilizers have on Guizhou's rice output,biomass,nutrient uptake and utilization and their roles in the saving fertilizer but increasing yield in the process of growing rice,from which to get the most suitable new-type nitrogenous fertilizers for rice growing of the mountainous areas of Guizhou.【Method】A field contrast experiment taking Leyou 58(a rice variety) as experimental material with different fertilization plans of common urea and four new nitrogen fertilizers was conducted.【Result】Compared with common urea treatment,the new-type nitrogenous fertilizers treatment could improve the component of rice yield to some extent,and could increase the rice output and parts of aboveground biomass,and the rice could have the highest increase rate and grain biomass by humic acid urea treatment,the number was 16.28 % and 84.44 g/hole respectively;The lost control urea,humic acid urea,the topdressing of the lost control urea or the common urea with equal zinc fertilizer could increase part of accumulation nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and humic acid urea treatment could make the rice nutrition accumulate more in the rice grain;What's more,through which the rice could have the best compositive expression of nitrogenous fertilizers utilization efficiency,partial fertilizer productivity,nutrient harvest index,nutrient absorption efficiency,nitrogenous fertilizers agronomic efficiency,and all of these improved the rice's absorption and utilization of nutrients.【Conclusion】The application of urea humic acid in rice area of Guizhou had the best effect.
【Objective】The test aimed to research the influences different new-type nitrogenous fertilizers have on Guizhou's rice output,biomass,nutrient uptake and utilization and their roles in the saving fertilizer but increasing yield in the process of growing rice,from which to get the most suitable new-type nitrogenous fertilizers for rice growing of the mountainous areas of Guizhou.【Method】A field contrast experiment taking Leyou 58(a rice variety) as experimental material with different fertilization plans of common urea and four new nitrogen fertilizers was conducted.【Result】Compared with common urea treatment,the new-type nitrogenous fertilizers treatment could improve the component of rice yield to some extent,and could increase the rice output and parts of aboveground biomass,and the rice could have the highest increase rate and grain biomass by humic acid urea treatment,the number was 16.28 % and 84.44 g/hole respectively;The lost control urea,humic acid urea,the topdressing of the lost control urea or the common urea with equal zinc fertilizer could increase part of accumulation nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and humic acid urea treatment could make the rice nutrition accumulate more in the rice grain;What's more,through which the rice could have the best compositive expression of nitrogenous fertilizers utilization efficiency,partial fertilizer productivity,nutrient harvest index,nutrient absorption efficiency,nitrogenous fertilizers agronomic efficiency,and all of these improved the rice's absorption and utilization of nutrients.【Conclusion】The application of urea humic acid in rice area of Guizhou had the best effect.
引文
[1]段然,汤月丰,王亚男,等.不同施肥方法对双季稻区水稻产量及氮素流失的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(12):1815-1822.
[2]张智峰,张卫峰.我国化肥施用现状及趋势[J].磷肥与复肥,2008(6):9-12.
[3]全为民,严力蛟.农业面源污染对水体富营养化的影响及其防治措施[J].生态学报,2002(3):291-299.
[4]曹宁,曲东,陈新平,等.东北地区农田土壤氮、磷平衡及其对面源污染的贡献分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(7):127-133.
[5]黄旭,唐拴虎,徐培智,等.不同种类缓/控释肥料对水稻产量及养分利用率的影响[J].广东农业科学,2010(8):95-105.
[6]郑圣先,聂军,熊金英,等.控释肥料提高氮素利用率的作用及对水稻效应的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(1):11-16.
[7]翟海军,高亚军,周建斌.缓释/控释肥料研究概述[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(1):45-48.
[8]赵姝,王安东,陈海龙.新型复合肥料对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].现代化农业,2016(4):31-32.
[9]于国锋,银英梅,曲颖,等.新型肥料在水稻上的应用效果[J].垦殖与稻作,2005(3):45-46.
[10]袁国飞,聂凌利,骆堂,等.几种新型肥料对水稻产量及稻米镉含量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(3):107-109,122.
[11]韩蔚娟,王寅,陈海潇,等.黑土区玉米施用新型肥料的效果和环境效应[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):307-311.
[12]张爱华,张钦,杨爽,等.新型尿素对玉米产量及养分积累、利用的影响[J].玉米科学:1-8.
[13]张萌,肖厚军,赵欢,等.贵州黄壤区辣椒干物质、氮素积累与分配及氮素利用对新型肥料的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(9):2983-2990.
[14]张萌,肖厚军,赵欢,等.新型肥料对辣椒磷钾素积累分配及利用的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(2):376-382.
[15]董彦旭,蔡冬清,黄新异,等.新型肥料增效剂对马铃薯肥料减施增效作用研究[J].中国马铃薯,2016,30(3):164-168.
[16]刘晓霞,陆若辉,陶云彬,等.新型肥料对小青菜产量和养分的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(4):597-599.
[17]赵欢,张萌,秦松,等.贵州黄壤小白菜生长、品质、光合特性及氮素利用对新型肥料的响应[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(10):1320-1327.
[18]胡立勇,丁艳峰.作物栽培学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.
[19]文辉,黄金宝,纪春茹,等.水稻腐殖酸尿素应用效果试验[J].北方水稻,2015,45(4):30-32.
[20]汪金舫,李德平,李阿荣.新型氮肥肥料效应与氮素利用率对比研究[J].生态农业研究,1999(4):19-21.
[21]黄旭,唐拴虎,徐培智,等.不同种类缓/控释肥料对水稻产量及养分利用率的影响[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(8):95-96,105.
[22]李文军,夏永秋,杨晓云,等.施氮和肥料添加剂对水稻产量、氮素吸收转运及利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2331-2336.
[23]齐文增,陈晓璐,刘鹏,等.超高产夏玉米干物质与氮、磷、钾养分积累与分配特点[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):26-36.
[24]申关望,祁玉良,鲁伟林,等.施氮量对杂交水稻D优3138干物质转运与稻米品质的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2017(2):23-25.
[25]刘晓伟,王火焰,朱德进,等.氮肥施用方式对水稻产量以及氮、磷、钾养分吸收利用的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(2):203-210.
[2]张智峰,张卫峰.我国化肥施用现状及趋势[J].磷肥与复肥,2008(6):9-12.
[3]全为民,严力蛟.农业面源污染对水体富营养化的影响及其防治措施[J].生态学报,2002(3):291-299.
[4]曹宁,曲东,陈新平,等.东北地区农田土壤氮、磷平衡及其对面源污染的贡献分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(7):127-133.
[5]黄旭,唐拴虎,徐培智,等.不同种类缓/控释肥料对水稻产量及养分利用率的影响[J].广东农业科学,2010(8):95-105.
[6]郑圣先,聂军,熊金英,等.控释肥料提高氮素利用率的作用及对水稻效应的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(1):11-16.
[7]翟海军,高亚军,周建斌.缓释/控释肥料研究概述[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(1):45-48.
[8]赵姝,王安东,陈海龙.新型复合肥料对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].现代化农业,2016(4):31-32.
[9]于国锋,银英梅,曲颖,等.新型肥料在水稻上的应用效果[J].垦殖与稻作,2005(3):45-46.
[10]袁国飞,聂凌利,骆堂,等.几种新型肥料对水稻产量及稻米镉含量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(3):107-109,122.
[11]韩蔚娟,王寅,陈海潇,等.黑土区玉米施用新型肥料的效果和环境效应[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):307-311.
[12]张爱华,张钦,杨爽,等.新型尿素对玉米产量及养分积累、利用的影响[J].玉米科学:1-8.
[13]张萌,肖厚军,赵欢,等.贵州黄壤区辣椒干物质、氮素积累与分配及氮素利用对新型肥料的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(9):2983-2990.
[14]张萌,肖厚军,赵欢,等.新型肥料对辣椒磷钾素积累分配及利用的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(2):376-382.
[15]董彦旭,蔡冬清,黄新异,等.新型肥料增效剂对马铃薯肥料减施增效作用研究[J].中国马铃薯,2016,30(3):164-168.
[16]刘晓霞,陆若辉,陶云彬,等.新型肥料对小青菜产量和养分的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(4):597-599.
[17]赵欢,张萌,秦松,等.贵州黄壤小白菜生长、品质、光合特性及氮素利用对新型肥料的响应[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(10):1320-1327.
[18]胡立勇,丁艳峰.作物栽培学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.
[19]文辉,黄金宝,纪春茹,等.水稻腐殖酸尿素应用效果试验[J].北方水稻,2015,45(4):30-32.
[20]汪金舫,李德平,李阿荣.新型氮肥肥料效应与氮素利用率对比研究[J].生态农业研究,1999(4):19-21.
[21]黄旭,唐拴虎,徐培智,等.不同种类缓/控释肥料对水稻产量及养分利用率的影响[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(8):95-96,105.
[22]李文军,夏永秋,杨晓云,等.施氮和肥料添加剂对水稻产量、氮素吸收转运及利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2331-2336.
[23]齐文增,陈晓璐,刘鹏,等.超高产夏玉米干物质与氮、磷、钾养分积累与分配特点[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):26-36.
[24]申关望,祁玉良,鲁伟林,等.施氮量对杂交水稻D优3138干物质转运与稻米品质的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2017(2):23-25.
[25]刘晓伟,王火焰,朱德进,等.氮肥施用方式对水稻产量以及氮、磷、钾养分吸收利用的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(2):203-210.