水密肥互作对水稻产量及产量构成的影响
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摘要
为探究水密肥互作对水稻产量及干物质积累的影响,以湘晚籼13号和丰源优299为供试品种,在湖南省衡阳市梅花村进行了不同水分管理、移栽密度和肥料运筹的大田试验,分析3因素及其互作对水稻产量及干物质积累的影响。结果表明,在W2D3F1(间歇灌溉、2.0万丛/667 m~2、施肥)条件下产量最高,为7 788.0 kg/hm~2,在W1D1F0(长期淹水、1.2万丛/667 m~2、不施肥)条件下产量最低,仅4 527.5 kg/hm~2。W2处理比W1处理产量平均提高338.3 kg/hm~2;D3处理平均产量比D1处理高504.7 kg/hm~2、比D2处理高142.2 kg/hm~2;F1处理比F0处理平均产量高1 650.5 kg/hm~2。单位面积有效穗数受密度和施肥与否影响较大,单一水分管理对其影响不大,但是在水分与密度互作条件下增加尤为明显。施肥以及密度的增加能有效增加每穗总粒数。随着密度增加,结实率降低。千粒重在水密肥互作下变化不显著。施肥能显著提高产量,其中F1条件下为7 173.1 kg/hm~2,显著高于F0的5 522.6 kg/hm~2;在一定范围内,随密度增大产量逐渐增加。总而言之,施肥、淹水以及适当的密度能有效提高水稻产量,三者之间存在着一定的互作效应。
Field experiments were conducted to explore the effects of the interaction among water, density and fertilizer on yield and dry matter accumulation of rice, using Xiangwanxian 13 and Fengyuanyou 299 as materials in Meihua village of Hengyang city. The results showed as follows, the yield was the highest under the condition of W2 D3 F1, which was 7 788.0 kg/hm~2; the yield was the lowest under the condition of W1 D1 F0, which was 4 527.5 kg/hm~2. The average yield of W2 was 338.3 kg/hm~2 higher than W1. The average yield of D1 was 504.7 kg/hm~2 higher than D3 and 142.2 kg/hm~2 higher than D2. The average yield under the condition of F1 was 1 650.5 kg/hm~2 higher than F0. The effective panicles per unit area were greatly influenced by planting density and fertilizer, only water management was not significant, but under the condition of interaction between moisture and density, the increase was especially significant. The increase of fertilization and density could effectively increase the total grain number per panicle. With the increase of planting density, the seed setting rate was reduced. The change of 1 000-grain weight was not significant under the interaction of water, density and fertilizer. Under the condition of fertilization, the production could be promoted significantly. The yield under F1 was higher than the yield of F0. In a certain range, the yield increased gradually with the increase of density. Under the interaction of the intermittent irrigation and the density, there was no significantly different in total grain number per panicle. In summary, fertilization,flooding and appropriate density could effectively improve rice yield, and there is a certain interaction effects among the three factors.
Field experiments were conducted to explore the effects of the interaction among water, density and fertilizer on yield and dry matter accumulation of rice, using Xiangwanxian 13 and Fengyuanyou 299 as materials in Meihua village of Hengyang city. The results showed as follows, the yield was the highest under the condition of W2 D3 F1, which was 7 788.0 kg/hm~2; the yield was the lowest under the condition of W1 D1 F0, which was 4 527.5 kg/hm~2. The average yield of W2 was 338.3 kg/hm~2 higher than W1. The average yield of D1 was 504.7 kg/hm~2 higher than D3 and 142.2 kg/hm~2 higher than D2. The average yield under the condition of F1 was 1 650.5 kg/hm~2 higher than F0. The effective panicles per unit area were greatly influenced by planting density and fertilizer, only water management was not significant, but under the condition of interaction between moisture and density, the increase was especially significant. The increase of fertilization and density could effectively increase the total grain number per panicle. With the increase of planting density, the seed setting rate was reduced. The change of 1 000-grain weight was not significant under the interaction of water, density and fertilizer. Under the condition of fertilization, the production could be promoted significantly. The yield under F1 was higher than the yield of F0. In a certain range, the yield increased gradually with the increase of density. Under the interaction of the intermittent irrigation and the density, there was no significantly different in total grain number per panicle. In summary, fertilization,flooding and appropriate density could effectively improve rice yield, and there is a certain interaction effects among the three factors.
引文
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[15]张欣,施利利,刘晓宇,等.不同施肥处理对水稻产量、食味品质及蛋白质组分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(4):104-108.
[16]朱朋波,徐大勇,方兆伟,等.水稻生长后期不同施氮量对稻米产量及品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2007(2):208-210.
[17]黎忠祥,栾国强,许石昆,等.不同氮磷钾用量对水稻产量的效应研究[J].中国稻米,2009,15(2):27-29.
[2]刘凤英.中国水资源可持续利用的研究[J].江苏理工大学学报:社会科学版,2001(1):36-39.
[3]姜群鸥,邓祥征,林英志,等.中国耕地用途转移对耕地生产力影响的预测与分析[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(12):3 113-3 119.
[4]Peng S B,Huang J L,Zhong X H,et al.Challenge and opportunity inimproving fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated rice in China[J].AgricSci of China,2002(1):776-785.
[5]Peng S B,Tang Q Y,Zou Y B.Current status and challenges of rice production in China[J].Plant Prod Sci,2009(12):3-8.
[6]薛亚光,陈婷婷,杨成,等.中粳稻不同栽培模式对产量及其生理特性的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(3):466-476.
[7]张福锁,马文奇,陈新平.养分资源综合管理理论与技术概论[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2006:48-58.
[8]程建平,曹凑贵,蔡明历,等.不同灌溉方式对水稻产量和水分生产率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(12):28-33.
[9]余青.不同灌溉方式对水稻产量及水分利用率的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(8):37-39.
[10]刘艳,孙文涛,宫亮,等.水分调控对水稻根际土壤及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(2):98-100.
[11]刘立军,薛亚光,孙小淋,等.水分管理方式对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(3):282-288.
[12]秦俭,蒋开锋,张涛,等.施氮量和移栽密度对重穗型杂交稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国稻米,2017,23(4):94-98.
[13]周兴兵,张林,蒋鹏,等.冬水免耕条件下氮肥管理和移栽密度对杂交中稻产量的影响[J].中国稻米,2017,23(3):63-66.
[14]王成瑷,王伯伦,张文香,等.栽培密度对水稻产量及品质的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004,35(4):318-322.
[15]张欣,施利利,刘晓宇,等.不同施肥处理对水稻产量、食味品质及蛋白质组分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(4):104-108.
[16]朱朋波,徐大勇,方兆伟,等.水稻生长后期不同施氮量对稻米产量及品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2007(2):208-210.
[17]黎忠祥,栾国强,许石昆,等.不同氮磷钾用量对水稻产量的效应研究[J].中国稻米,2009,15(2):27-29.