不同杏品种果实营养成分分析及综合评价
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摘要
为综合评价不同杏品种果实营养品质,选择具开发利用前景的品种,测定11个杏品种果实的3项外观品质(果形指数、单果重、可食率)和8项营养物质含量(可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可滴定酸、类胡萝卜素、Vc、固酸比、糖酸比),并通过相关性分析和主成分分析对所测杏品种进行综合品质评价。结果显示,11个杏品种果实的营养成分等各项指标均存在差异,但变异程度不大。相关性分析结果表明,杏果实单果重与可食率、可溶性固形物与Vc、可溶性糖与糖酸比、固酸比与糖酸比均呈极显著正相关,可滴定酸与固酸比、糖酸比呈极显著负相关,可溶性糖与Vc、Vc与固酸比呈显著正相关。主成分分析共提取了4个主成分,累积方差贡献率为91.002%,表明影响杏果品质的主要指标为糖酸比、固酸比、可食率、单果重、果形指数、可溶性固形物等。根据这几项指标数据杏农可以进行品种选择,杏育种者可以确定新品种的开发利用前景。‘金荷包’、‘凯特’、‘兰州大接杏’、‘晚红杏’、‘优系晚熟’5个品种的营养品质更优。
To comprehensively evaluate the nutritional quality of different apricot cultivars, and select those with good development and utilization potentials, we measured three appearance qualities(fruit shape index,fruit weight, edible rate) and eight nutrient indexes(soluble solid, soluble sugar, soluble protein, titratable acid,carotenoid, vitamin C, solid to acid ratio, sugar to acid ratio). The comprehensive quality evaluation of apricot cultivars was carried out by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results displayed that there were differences in the nutritional components of the 11 apricot cultivars, but the variation was not significant. Correlation analysis showed that there were highly and significantly positive correlations between fruit weight and edible rate, soluble solid and vitamin C, soluble sugar and sugar to acid ratio, solid to acid ratio and sugar to acid ratio. There were extremely and significantly negative correlations between titratable acid and solid to acid ratio, sugar to acid ratio. There were significantly positive correlations between titratable acid and solid to acid ratio, solid to acid ratio and sugar to acid ratio. Principal component analysis extracted four principal components, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 91.002%, indicating that the main indexes affecting the quality of apricot fruit were: sugar to acid ratio, solid to acid ratio, edible rate, fruit weight, fruit shape index, soluble solid. This study can provide references for the selection and utilization of new apricot cultivars, and the quality of ‘Jinhebao', ‘Kaite', ‘Lanzhoudajiexing', ‘Wanhongxing',‘Youxiwanshu'are better.
To comprehensively evaluate the nutritional quality of different apricot cultivars, and select those with good development and utilization potentials, we measured three appearance qualities(fruit shape index,fruit weight, edible rate) and eight nutrient indexes(soluble solid, soluble sugar, soluble protein, titratable acid,carotenoid, vitamin C, solid to acid ratio, sugar to acid ratio). The comprehensive quality evaluation of apricot cultivars was carried out by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results displayed that there were differences in the nutritional components of the 11 apricot cultivars, but the variation was not significant. Correlation analysis showed that there were highly and significantly positive correlations between fruit weight and edible rate, soluble solid and vitamin C, soluble sugar and sugar to acid ratio, solid to acid ratio and sugar to acid ratio. There were extremely and significantly negative correlations between titratable acid and solid to acid ratio, sugar to acid ratio. There were significantly positive correlations between titratable acid and solid to acid ratio, solid to acid ratio and sugar to acid ratio. Principal component analysis extracted four principal components, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 91.002%, indicating that the main indexes affecting the quality of apricot fruit were: sugar to acid ratio, solid to acid ratio, edible rate, fruit weight, fruit shape index, soluble solid. This study can provide references for the selection and utilization of new apricot cultivars, and the quality of ‘Jinhebao', ‘Kaite', ‘Lanzhoudajiexing', ‘Wanhongxing',‘Youxiwanshu'are better.
引文
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[9]赵翠,田英姿,英犁,等.新疆杏和华北杏果实品质的比较分析[J],现代食品科技,2014,30(7):286-291.
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[12]刘彬,张云秀,李芳,等.新疆野苹果果实Vc及可溶性蛋白含量的测定分析[J].天津农学院学报,2016,12(4):14-17.
[13]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:195-197.
[14]刘小阳,李玲,史宏伟,等.光强对砀山酥梨果实发育期可溶性糖可滴定酸和Vc含量的影响[J].林业科学,2007,7(7):134-137.
[15]颜少宾,张妤艳,马瑞娟,等.黄肉桃果实发育阶段类胡萝卜素的变化[J].果树学报,2013,30(2):260-266.
[16]刘宁,刘威生.杏种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:22.
[17]王益民,张珂,许飞华,等.不同品种枸杞子营养成分分析及评价[J].食品科学,2014,35(1):34-38.
[18]薛晓芳,赵爱玲,王永康,等.不同枣品种果实品质分析及综合评价[J].中国果树,2016(3):11-15.
[19]郭宝林,杨俊霞,李永慈,等.主成分分析法在仁用杏品种主要经济性状选种上的应用研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(6):53-56.
[20]辜夕容,陈勇,李洪飞,等.武隆猪腰枣优良单株果实品质的主成分分析及综合评选[J].食品科学,2012,33(15):79-82.
[21]公丽艳,孟宪军,刘乃侨,等.基于主成分分析与聚类分析的苹果加工品质评价[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(13):276-285.
[22]王沛,刘璇,毕金峰,等.基于主成分分析的中早熟苹果脆片品质评价[J].中国食品学报,2012,12(6):204-211.
[23]刘春艳,谢岳,李栋梅,等.基于主成分分析的酿酒葡萄果实评价[J].北方园艺,2017(11):13-17.
[24]白沙沙,毕金峰,王沛,等.不同品种苹果果实品质分析[J].食品科学,2012,33(17):68-72.
[25]刘科鹏,黄春辉,冷建华,等.‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质的主成分分析与综合评价[J].果树学报,2012,29(5):867-871.
[26]戴桂林,杨晓华,聂国伟,等.极晚熟杏新品种晚红杏的选育[J].山西果树,2012(1):3-4.
[27]杨晓华,戴桂林,聂国伟,等.晚红杏及其丰产栽培技术[J].山西果树,2013(4):10-11.
[2]张加延.杏的营养成分与医疗保健作用[J].干果研究进展,2001(2):131-135.
[3]贾克礼,吴燕民.杏树栽培[M].北京:农业出版社,1990:2.
[4]赵习平.杏优良品种及无公害栽培技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009:2.
[5]樊丁宇,廖康,杨波,等.新疆杏品种果实鲜食品质主要评价指标的选择[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(22):207-211.
[6]张君萍.新疆若干杏品种果实主要营养成分的测定和分析评价[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2006.
[7]李利民,徐麟,马凯,等.新疆主栽油杏品种综合性状评价[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(1):278-281.
[8]徐乐,章世奎,李文慧,等.新疆16个地方杏品种特性比较[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(12):2196-2201.
[9]赵翠,田英姿,英犁,等.新疆杏和华北杏果实品质的比较分析[J],现代食品科技,2014,30(7):286-291.
[10]张君萍,高疆生,李疆,等.新疆杏与华北杏果实主要营养成分比较分析[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(2):140-144.
[11]陈玲,王鹏,樊丁宇,等.35份新疆杏品质指标相关性分析及类型评价[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(2):214-219.
[12]刘彬,张云秀,李芳,等.新疆野苹果果实Vc及可溶性蛋白含量的测定分析[J].天津农学院学报,2016,12(4):14-17.
[13]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:195-197.
[14]刘小阳,李玲,史宏伟,等.光强对砀山酥梨果实发育期可溶性糖可滴定酸和Vc含量的影响[J].林业科学,2007,7(7):134-137.
[15]颜少宾,张妤艳,马瑞娟,等.黄肉桃果实发育阶段类胡萝卜素的变化[J].果树学报,2013,30(2):260-266.
[16]刘宁,刘威生.杏种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:22.
[17]王益民,张珂,许飞华,等.不同品种枸杞子营养成分分析及评价[J].食品科学,2014,35(1):34-38.
[18]薛晓芳,赵爱玲,王永康,等.不同枣品种果实品质分析及综合评价[J].中国果树,2016(3):11-15.
[19]郭宝林,杨俊霞,李永慈,等.主成分分析法在仁用杏品种主要经济性状选种上的应用研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(6):53-56.
[20]辜夕容,陈勇,李洪飞,等.武隆猪腰枣优良单株果实品质的主成分分析及综合评选[J].食品科学,2012,33(15):79-82.
[21]公丽艳,孟宪军,刘乃侨,等.基于主成分分析与聚类分析的苹果加工品质评价[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(13):276-285.
[22]王沛,刘璇,毕金峰,等.基于主成分分析的中早熟苹果脆片品质评价[J].中国食品学报,2012,12(6):204-211.
[23]刘春艳,谢岳,李栋梅,等.基于主成分分析的酿酒葡萄果实评价[J].北方园艺,2017(11):13-17.
[24]白沙沙,毕金峰,王沛,等.不同品种苹果果实品质分析[J].食品科学,2012,33(17):68-72.
[25]刘科鹏,黄春辉,冷建华,等.‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质的主成分分析与综合评价[J].果树学报,2012,29(5):867-871.
[26]戴桂林,杨晓华,聂国伟,等.极晚熟杏新品种晚红杏的选育[J].山西果树,2012(1):3-4.
[27]杨晓华,戴桂林,聂国伟,等.晚红杏及其丰产栽培技术[J].山西果树,2013(4):10-11.