车架结构焊接变形的工艺研究
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摘要
由于车架结构件过大,结构和焊接部位不对称,前几个工序焊后会产生纵向收缩变形,因而所有焊接工序完成以后,要让车架结构件达到反方向的挠度变形。针对车架焊接变形问题,对车架整体焊接残余应力变形的形成过程原因进行了分析,结合结构件焊接热应变循环形成的机理,提出了一种车架整体结构件焊接变形控制方法,利用机器人焊接工作站的焊接稳定性和手工焊接的灵活性,通过增加反变形控制措施,选用合理的焊接参数及焊接方法,保证了车架整体焊接的尺寸精度要求,有效地减小了车架的整体焊接变形量。该工艺方法可以在其他架体类的生产焊接中推广应用。
The paper introduced the cause of residual stress and distortion that occurs in welds of vehicle frame,analyzed the whole process.According to the mechanism of structural parts welding heat distortion circulating occurring,the distortion of first several working procedures occurred in a weld results from the expansion and contraction of the weld metal and adjacent base metal during the heating and cooling cycle of the welding process,it was needed that doing all welding on oversize vehicle frame vertical contraction after finishing all welding procedures.By using stability of robots welding working station and flexibility of manual welding,enhancing anti-deformation control measures,and choosing suitable welding parameters,it was realized that meeting the size requirement of the whole vehicle.It minimized weld distortion,optimize welding technological parameters.A method of welding control of vehicle frame was presented.This method can effectively minimize weld distortions through shrinkage control.It was also applicable to welding distortion control of similar vehicle frames.
The paper introduced the cause of residual stress and distortion that occurs in welds of vehicle frame,analyzed the whole process.According to the mechanism of structural parts welding heat distortion circulating occurring,the distortion of first several working procedures occurred in a weld results from the expansion and contraction of the weld metal and adjacent base metal during the heating and cooling cycle of the welding process,it was needed that doing all welding on oversize vehicle frame vertical contraction after finishing all welding procedures.By using stability of robots welding working station and flexibility of manual welding,enhancing anti-deformation control measures,and choosing suitable welding parameters,it was realized that meeting the size requirement of the whole vehicle.It minimized weld distortion,optimize welding technological parameters.A method of welding control of vehicle frame was presented.This method can effectively minimize weld distortions through shrinkage control.It was also applicable to welding distortion control of similar vehicle frames.
引文
[1]梁荣铭.控制焊接变形的一项措施——满焊定位间距[J].焊接,1996(2):25-26.
[2]庞国强.大型结构件焊接变形控制[J].现代矿业,2017(2):159-160,16.
[3]王文先,等.焊接结构[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
[4]王长生,薛小怀,楼松年,等.焊接变形的影响因素及控制[J].焊接技术,2005,(34)4:84-86.
[5]刘颖,郭德伦,佀好学.1420铝锂合金动态低应力无变形焊接技术[J].焊接学报,2008(3):113-116.
[6]王锦宣,王毅,王瑞新,等.开展变形控制技术应用提高军工先进制造水平[J].新技术新工艺,2014,(324)12:136-138.
[7]Michaleris P,Debiccari A.Prediction of welding distortion[J].Welding Journal,1997(4):172-181.
[8]叶建雄,张华.焊接工艺参数优化的智能计算研究[J].材料导报,2009,(23)24:61-63.
[2]庞国强.大型结构件焊接变形控制[J].现代矿业,2017(2):159-160,16.
[3]王文先,等.焊接结构[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
[4]王长生,薛小怀,楼松年,等.焊接变形的影响因素及控制[J].焊接技术,2005,(34)4:84-86.
[5]刘颖,郭德伦,佀好学.1420铝锂合金动态低应力无变形焊接技术[J].焊接学报,2008(3):113-116.
[6]王锦宣,王毅,王瑞新,等.开展变形控制技术应用提高军工先进制造水平[J].新技术新工艺,2014,(324)12:136-138.
[7]Michaleris P,Debiccari A.Prediction of welding distortion[J].Welding Journal,1997(4):172-181.
[8]叶建雄,张华.焊接工艺参数优化的智能计算研究[J].材料导报,2009,(23)24:61-63.