三基发射药生产过程中气态硝化甘油的销爆研究
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摘要
针对三基药生产过程中因含有微量(0.02～4.83 mg·kg~(-1))硝化甘油(NG)导致气态有机溶剂难以回收的现状,采用吸收?分解联用法,通过喷淋液,吸收、化学分解NG。结果表明,氢氧化钠水溶液、氢氧化钠醇溶液以及硫化钠水溶液均可作为喷淋液使用,且销爆性能与温度及溶液浓度呈正相关关系。以气态NG初始浓度5 mg·kg~(-1)为例,当氢氧化钠水溶液浓度2.0%,体系温度50℃,气液接触时间20 s,液气比0.16 L·m~(-3)时,气态NG去除率达到99.92%。
Aiming at the current situation that gaseous organic solvents are difficult to recover due to the existence of trace amount of nitroglycerin(NG)(0.02-4.83 mg·kg~(-1))during the production of tri?base gun propellant,the absorption?degradation method is adopted to absorb and chemically decompose NG via spray liquid. Results show that sodium hydroxide aqueous solution,sodium hydroxide ethanol aqueous solution and sodium sulfide aqueous solution can be used as spray liquid and the explosion?elimination performance is positively correlated with temperature and solution concentration. Taking the initial concentration of gaseous NG,5 mg·kg~(-1),as an example,the removal rate of gaseous NG reaches 99.92% when the concentration of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 2.0%,the system temperature is 50 ℃,the gas?liquid contact time is 20 s and the ratio of the liquid to gas is 0.16 L·m~(-3).
Aiming at the current situation that gaseous organic solvents are difficult to recover due to the existence of trace amount of nitroglycerin(NG)(0.02-4.83 mg·kg~(-1))during the production of tri?base gun propellant,the absorption?degradation method is adopted to absorb and chemically decompose NG via spray liquid. Results show that sodium hydroxide aqueous solution,sodium hydroxide ethanol aqueous solution and sodium sulfide aqueous solution can be used as spray liquid and the explosion?elimination performance is positively correlated with temperature and solution concentration. Taking the initial concentration of gaseous NG,5 mg·kg~(-1),as an example,the removal rate of gaseous NG reaches 99.92% when the concentration of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 2.0%,the system temperature is 50 ℃,the gas?liquid contact time is 20 s and the ratio of the liquid to gas is 0.16 L·m~(-3).
引文
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[2]黎留鑫.硝化甘油安全生产技术[J].火炸药,1984(3):28-36.
[3]肯索尼R E,黄迅.气体排放物中挥发性有机溶剂的回收与再用--用高效活性炭纤维吸附装置回收溶剂,实现了溶剂的循环使用[J].国外环境科学技术,1990(4):72-76.
[4]Halasz A,Thiboutot S,Ampleman G,et al.Microwave-assisted hydrolysis of nitroglycerin(NG)under mild alkaline conditions:new insight into the degradation pathway[J].Chemosphere,2010,79(2):228-232.
[5]刘亮,张银玲,王中合,等.Fenton法分解NG/TEGDN废水研究[J].固体火箭技术,2014(3):396-399.LIU Liang,ZHANG Yin-ling,WANG Zhong-he,et al.Research on decomposing wastewater of NG/TEGDN with Fenton reagent[J].Journal of Solid Rocket Technology,2014,(3):396-399,407.
[6]李峰,张小军,樊娟.含混合硝酸酯废水处理工艺研究[C]//中国宇航学会固体火箭推进年会,成都2005.
[7]张端庆.火药用原材料性能与制备[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995:83-84.
[8]Garg S,Castaldini C.Oxygen correction factors and their applications to oxygen-enriched incinerators[J].Waste Management,1991,11(3):79-83.
[9]Parette R,Cannon F S,Weeks K.Removing low ppb level perchlorate,RDX,and HMX from groundwater with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride(CTAC)pre-loaded activated carbon.[J].Water Research,2005,39(19):4683-4692.
[10]Smith L L,Carrazza J,Wong K.Treatment of wastewaters containing propellants and explosives[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1983,7(3):303-316.
[11]Boschan R,Merrow R T,Dolah R W V.The chemistry of nitrate esters[J].Chemical Reviews,2002,55(3):485-510.
[12]Capellos C,Fisco W J,Ribaudo C,et al.Basic hydrolysis of glyceryl nitrate esters.III.Trinitroglycerin[J].International Journal of Chemical Kinetics,1984,16(8):1027-1051.
[13]Tsaplev Y B.Alkaline hydrolysis of nitroglycerin and activation of luminol chemiluminescence[J].High Energy Chemistry,2004,38(3):174-179.
[14]聂海英,马新刚,张劲民.HPLC-TOFMS测定NG/TEGDN中的丙三醇二硝酸酯[J].含能材料,2011,19(4):384-387.NIE Hai-ying,MA Xin-gang,ZHANG Jin-min.Determination of propanetriol dinitrate in NG/TEGDN by HPLC-TOFMS[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2011,19(4):384-387.