摘要
以香蕉连作(B)、辣椒-香蕉轮作(B-PE)、甘蔗-香蕉轮作(B-S)、冬瓜-香蕉轮作(B-W)和南瓜-香蕉轮作(B-PU)5个系统为对象,研究了海南岛北部不同作物轮作后对再植香蕉产量、品质、发病率和土壤肥力质量等方面的影响。结果表明:(1)与香蕉连作对照B相比,轮作辣椒、甘蔗和冬瓜后再植香蕉(B-PE、B-S、B-W)均能显著降低香蕉枯萎病发病率(枯萎病防控率达到66.62%~75.41%),促进香蕉生长(株高增加36.76%~41.80%,茎围增加28.22%~38.42%),产量提高23.17%~45.61%;(2)相关性分析结果显示各处理土壤的pH值、速效磷含量和可培养细菌数量均与可培养尖孢镰刀菌数量呈显著负相关关系;(3)主坐标分析(PCo A)和多元回归树分析(MRT)结果均显示,轮作辣椒、甘蔗和冬瓜后再植香蕉(B-PE、B-S、B-W)处理间的土壤肥力质量相近,轮作南瓜后再植香蕉(B-PU)处理和香蕉连作处理的土壤肥力质量相近。可见,辣椒-香蕉、甘蔗-香蕉和冬瓜-香蕉轮作处理(B-PE、B-S、B-W)均能提高香蕉产量,改善土壤肥力质量,对香蕉连作障碍有缓解作用。
In this experiment,the banana continuous cropping treatment was set as control(B),and the other treatments were banana-pepper rotation(B-PE),banana-sugarcane rotation(B-S),banana-wax gourd rotation(B-W) and banana-pumpkin rotation(B-PU). The incidence and fertility quality of soil were measured during the bud extraction stage of banana. The plant growth index and fruit quality index were measured during the harvest stage. The results showed that,compared with that in the banana continuous cropping treatment(B),the incidence of banana Fusarium wilt disease was significantly reduced in banana-pepper,banana-sugarcane and banana-wax gourd rotation treatments,and the control rate ranged from 66. 62% to 75. 35%. These three treatments significantly promoted the growth of bananas. Compared with the control(B),their plant height increased by36.76%-41. 80%,stem girth increased by 28. 22%-38.42%,and yield increased by 23.17%-45.61%. The correlation analysis results showed that the quantity of culturable bacteria,available phosphorus content and pH value were negatively correlated with the quantity of culturable Fusarium oxysporum. The principal component analysis(PCo A)and multiple regression tree analysis(MRT) showed that the distribution of banana continuous cropping(B) and bananapumpkin rotation treatment(B-PU) was similar in soil fertility quality,pepper-banana,sugarcane-banana and wax gourdbanana rotation treatments(B-PE,B-S,B-W) were similar in soil fertility quality after tillage. Therefore,banana-pepper,banana-sugarcane and banana-wax gourd rotation treatments(B-PE,B-S and B-W) can significantly increase the yield of fruit,improve the soil fertility quality and alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of banana.
引文
[1]黄永红.韭菜对香蕉枯萎病的防控效果及其作用机理的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2011.
[2]王甲水,徐碧玉,李敬阳,等.贵州香蕉发展现状及分析[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(16):44-48.
[3]聂燕芳,黄嘉瑶,周玲菀,等.香蕉枯萎病菌热带4号小种基因组规模分泌蛋白的预测与分析[J].江苏农业学报,2017,33(2):288-294.
[4]孙雪婷,龙光强,张广辉,等.基于三七连作障碍的土壤理化性状及酶活性研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(3):409-417.
[5]覃柳燕,郭成林,黄素梅,等.棘孢木霉菌株PZ6对香蕉促生效应及枯萎病室内防效的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(2):277-283.
[6]张雪艳,张亚萍,许帆,等.不同种植年限黄瓜温室土壤线虫群落结构及多样性的比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(3):696-703.
[7]王飞,周登博,廉法钦,等.香蕉枯萎病拮抗放线菌8N-10的分离鉴定及抑菌效果评价[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(4):179-183.
[8]刘小龙,马建江,管吉钊,等.连作对棉田土壤枯、黄萎病菌数量及细菌群落的影响[J].棉花学报,2015,27(1):62-70.
[9]XU L B,HUANG B Z,WU Y L,et al.The cost-benefit analysis for bananas diversity production in China Foc.zones[J].American Journal of Plant Sciences,2011,2(4):561-568.
[10]GETHA K,VIKINESWARY S,WONG W H,et al.Evaluation of Streptomyces sp.strain g10 for suppression of Fusarium wilt and rhizosphere colonization in pot-grown banana plantlets[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology,2005,32(1):24-32.
[11]SIVAMANI E,GNANAMANICKAM S S.Biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense in banana by inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens[J].Plant and Soil,1988,107(1):3-9.
[12]吕顺,曾莉莎,王芳,等.一种香蕉-甘蔗轮作克服土壤连作障碍的生态栽培方法:CN104521663A[P].2015-04-22.
[13]杨瑞平.西瓜连作障碍缓解技术及其机理研究[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[14]欧阳娴,阮小蕾,吴超,等.香蕉轮作和连作土壤细菌主要类群[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(6):1573-1578.
[15]张俊芳,李铮,李晓慧.香蕉抗枯萎病研究现状及展望[J].热带农业科学,2015,35(12):108-112.
[16]LARKIN R P,HALLORAN J M.Management effects of diseasesuppressive rotation crops on potato yield and soilborne disease and their economic implications in potato production[J].American Journal of Potato Research,2014,91(5):429-439.
[17]洪珊,剧虹玲,阮云泽,等.茄子与香蕉轮作配施生物有机肥对连作蕉园土壤微生物区系的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(1):78-85.
[18]辛侃,赵娜,邓小垦,等.香蕉-水稻轮作联合添加有机物料防控香蕉枯萎病研究[J].植物保护,2014,40(6):36-41.
[19]WANG B B,LI R,RUAN Y Z,et al.Pineapple-banana rotation reduced the amount of Fusarium oxysporum more than maize-banana rotation mainly through modulating fungal communities[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2015,86:77-86.
[20]赵娜.三种茄科蔬菜轮作对高发枯萎病蕉园土壤微生物的调控效应[D].海口:海南大学,2014.
[21]陈建勋,王晓峰.植物生理学实验指导[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2002.
[22]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[23]胡伟,赵兰凤,张亮,等.不同种植模式配施生物有机肥对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):742-748.
[24]GOODFRIEND W L,OLSEN M W,FRYE R J.Soil microfloral and microfaunal response to Salicornia bigelovii planting density and soil residue amendment[J].Plant and Soil,2000,223:23-32.
[25]赵索,周传余,周超,等.蔬菜不同轮作方式对温室甜瓜产量及根区土壤酶活性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014(3):78-80.
[26]王蓓蓓.轮作及生物有机肥防控香蕉土传枯萎病的土壤微生物机制研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[27]FANG X,YOU M P,BARBETTI M J.Reduced severity and impact of Fusarium wilt on strawberry by manipulation of soil p H,soil organic amendments and crop rotation[J].Eur J Plant Pathol,2012,134(3):619-629.
[28]彭双,王一明,叶旭红,等.土壤环境因素对致病性尖孢镰刀菌生长的影响[J].土壤,2014,46(5):845-850.
[29]沈宗专.抑制香蕉土传枯萎病土壤的微生物区系特征及调控[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[30]付琳.新垦香蕉园施用生物有机肥构建防控土传枯萎病土壤微生物区系研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.
[31]WIGGINS B E,KINKEL L L.Green manures and crop sequences influence alfalfa root rot and pathogen inhibitory activity among soil-borne streptomycetes[J].Plant and Soil,2005,268:271-283.
[32]刘丽,徐明恺,汪思龙,等.杉木人工林土壤质量演变过程中土壤微生物群落结构变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4692-4706.
[33]张荣,刘彤.古尔班通古特沙漠南部植物多样性及群落分类[J].生态学报,2012,32(19):6056-6066.
[34]高圣超,关大伟,马鸣超,等.大豆连作条件下施肥对东北黑土细菌群落的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(7):1271-1281.