角蛋白酶、糖化酶与淀粉酶的协同脱毛工艺研究(续)
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摘要
不同条件下的酶活力测定结果表明:角蛋白酶AK最适pH值为9。糖化酶BR和淀粉酶AM的最适pH值分别为7.8、7.0,它们均有蛋白酶活力,最适pH值均为8.0。淀粉酶AM中存在胶原水解酶,其最适pH值为7.5,但pH值9.0以上会受到强烈抑制。1398蛋白酶最适pH值为6.5,pH值在6～7蛋白酶活力较高,30℃以下其胶原水解酶活力较低。脱毛试验结果表明:角蛋白酶AK、糖化酶BR和淀粉酶AM预处理皮有助于缩短脱毛时间。研究表明:脱毛温度为30℃,pH值在6～7(脱毛过程中不调节pH值),脱毛130 min后脱毛率可达90%以上,裸皮粒面清晰。酶脱毛初步工艺参数为温度30℃,液比1,pH值6～7,转鼓转速5 r/min。角蛋白酶AK 0.05%,转30 min;糖化酶BR 1%,淀粉酶AM 0.25%,转40 min;1398蛋白酶0.8%,转60 min,然后浸灰。
The determination of enzyme activity under different conditions show that the optimum pH value of keratinase AK is 9. The optimal pH value of glucoamylase BR and amylase AM are 7.8,7.0, respectively, and the optimal pH value of protease activity are all 8.0. The optimal pH value of collagenase in amylase AM is 7.5,but the collagenase activity is inhibited strongly in alkaline condition(pH>9). The optimal pH value of 1398 protease is 6.5, there is a higher protease activity at pH value of 6～7 and the collagenase activity in 1398 protease is lower under 30 ℃. The unhairing experiments indicate that the pretreatment of keratinase AK, glucoamylase BR and amylase AM on skins could contribute to fast unhairing. Unhairing ratio is up to 90% and the grain of unhairing pelt is clear at 30 ℃, pH value of 6～7(no pH adjustment during unhairing process),and total unhairing time 130 min. The processing parameters of enzymatic unhairing are as follows: the temperature is 30 ℃, liquid ratio is 1, pH value is 6～7, drum speed 5 r/min, keratinase AK 0.05%, run 30 min, amylase AM 0.25%, glucoamylase BR 1%, run 40 min, 1398 protease 0.8%, run 60 min, then liming continuously.
The determination of enzyme activity under different conditions show that the optimum pH value of keratinase AK is 9. The optimal pH value of glucoamylase BR and amylase AM are 7.8,7.0, respectively, and the optimal pH value of protease activity are all 8.0. The optimal pH value of collagenase in amylase AM is 7.5,but the collagenase activity is inhibited strongly in alkaline condition(pH>9). The optimal pH value of 1398 protease is 6.5, there is a higher protease activity at pH value of 6～7 and the collagenase activity in 1398 protease is lower under 30 ℃. The unhairing experiments indicate that the pretreatment of keratinase AK, glucoamylase BR and amylase AM on skins could contribute to fast unhairing. Unhairing ratio is up to 90% and the grain of unhairing pelt is clear at 30 ℃, pH value of 6～7(no pH adjustment during unhairing process),and total unhairing time 130 min. The processing parameters of enzymatic unhairing are as follows: the temperature is 30 ℃, liquid ratio is 1, pH value is 6～7, drum speed 5 r/min, keratinase AK 0.05%, run 30 min, amylase AM 0.25%, glucoamylase BR 1%, run 40 min, 1398 protease 0.8%, run 60 min, then liming continuously.
引文
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[16] 王琴琴,刘彦.角蛋白酶性质和制革[J].皮革科学与工程,2007,17(5):46-48.
[17] 李胜利,陈武勇,李慧,等.碱酶结合脱毛法在牦牛皮上的应用(I)[J].皮革科学与工程,2006,16(4):53-56.
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[19] 李志强,赵辉明,张年书,等.快速酶脱毛过程中毛的脱落与蛋白质水解关系的研究[J].皮革科学与工程,1991,1(2):16-20.
[2] Ammasi R,Jayanthi D,Chellan R,et al.Cleaner processing:A sulphide—free approach for depilation of skins[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res,2017,24:180-188.
[3] Aline D,Patricia S dos A,Mariliz G.Special review paper:Enzymes in the leather making[J].JALCA,2012,107:146-158.
[4] 彭必雨.脱毛方法综述[J].皮革科学与工程,1995,5:25-30.
[5] 汪建中,张玉中,陈超莹,等.少硫化钠酶脱毛工艺的研究[J].中国皮革,2001,30(5):29-32.
[6] 宋健.糖酶、蛋白酶脱毛技术及其机理研究[D].无锡:江南大学,2008.
[7] Andrioli E,Petry L,Gutterres M.Environmentally friendly hide unhairing:Enzymatic- oxidative unhairing as an alternative to use of lime and sodium sulfide[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2015,93:9-17.
[8] Saravanabhavan S,Thanikivelan P,Unni N B,et al.An enzymatic beamhouse process coupled with semi-metal tanning and eco-bening post tannning leads to cleaner leather production[J].JALCA,2005,100:174-186.
[9] Zeng Y H,Yang Q,Wang Y N,et al.Neutral protease assisted low-sulfide hair-saving unhairing based on pH-sensitivity of enyme[J].JALCA,2016,111:345-353.
[10] 孔纤,曾运航,张文华,等.角蛋白酶的脱毛能力及对胶原水解作用的评价[J].中国皮革,2016,45(7):25-30.
[11] 林艳,马莹莹,张宿义,等.米曲糖化酶活力测定方法的比较研究[J].酿酒科技,2015,6:23-31.
[12] 张永帅,孙俊良,梁新红,等.测定枯草芽孢杆菌生产中温α-淀粉酶方法的研究[J].农产品加工(学刊:中),2014,15:1-4.
[13] Heidemann E.The determination of hydroxyproline in materials containing collagen[J].JSLTC,1980,64:57-59.
[14] 张玉荣.一种新型角蛋白酶AK的性能研究[D].成都:四川大学,2015.
[15] 陈同安.糖化酶BR的浸水性能和应用研究[D].成都:四川大学,2016.
[16] 王琴琴,刘彦.角蛋白酶性质和制革[J].皮革科学与工程,2007,17(5):46-48.
[17] 李胜利,陈武勇,李慧,等.碱酶结合脱毛法在牦牛皮上的应用(I)[J].皮革科学与工程,2006,16(4):53-56.
[18] George S,Susan S,Ron A,et al.Soaking:Balancing operational and quality issues using both fresh and brine cured hides[J].IULTCS,2008,103:76-85.
[19] 李志强,赵辉明,张年书,等.快速酶脱毛过程中毛的脱落与蛋白质水解关系的研究[J].皮革科学与工程,1991,1(2):16-20.