防城港市某化工企业五硫化二磷生产项目主要职业病危害因素识别及关键控制点分析
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摘要
目的识别及预测五硫化二磷(P2S5)生产项目可能产生的职业病危害因素及危害程度,提出职业病危害因素的关键控制点。方法采用检查表法、现场调查法、类比法对P2S5生产项目可能存在的职业病危害及防治内容进行综合分析评价。结果 P2S5生产项目拟存在粉尘、噪声、高温、五硫化二磷、二氧化硫、硫化氢、氢氧化钠等职业病危害因素。对类比项目职业病危害因素检测结果进行分析,其中结片粉碎岗位、成品库岗位的P2S5浓度分别为2.58和6.25 mg/m~3,粉磨机岗位、粉碎机岗位、空气压缩机岗位的噪声强度分别为87.4、88.6和90.3 dB(A),超过国家职业卫生标准的要求,其余作业场所职业病危害因素均符合国家职业卫生标准的要求。结论 P2S5、硫化氢、二氧化硫是P2S5生产过程中职业病危害因素的重点,应从职业病危害发生的关键控制部位加强防治工作。
[Objective] To identify and predict the occupational hazards and degree of phosphorus pentosulfide production production project, put forward the critical control points of occupational disease hazards. [Methods] The possible occupational hazards and prevention contents of phosphorus pentosulfide production project were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by checklist method, field investigation method and analogy method. [Results] The occupational hazards in phosphorus pentosulfide production project included dust, noise, high temperature, phosphorus pentosulfide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and sodium hydroxide. The analysis results of occupational hazard factors test in analogous projects showed that the concentration of phosphorus pentosulfide in crushing post and finished product depot post was respectively 2.58 and 6.25 mg/m~3, and the noise intensity of grinder position, grinder position and air compressor position was respectively 87.4, 88.6 and 90.3 dB(A), exceeding national occupational health standards. The concentration/intensity of occupational hazards in other workplaces met the requirements of national occupational health standards. [Conclusion] Phosphorus pentasulfide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are the key occupational hazard factors in the production of phosphorus pentosulfide. Prevention and control of occupational hazards should be strengthened in key posts.
[Objective] To identify and predict the occupational hazards and degree of phosphorus pentosulfide production production project, put forward the critical control points of occupational disease hazards. [Methods] The possible occupational hazards and prevention contents of phosphorus pentosulfide production project were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by checklist method, field investigation method and analogy method. [Results] The occupational hazards in phosphorus pentosulfide production project included dust, noise, high temperature, phosphorus pentosulfide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and sodium hydroxide. The analysis results of occupational hazard factors test in analogous projects showed that the concentration of phosphorus pentosulfide in crushing post and finished product depot post was respectively 2.58 and 6.25 mg/m~3, and the noise intensity of grinder position, grinder position and air compressor position was respectively 87.4, 88.6 and 90.3 dB(A), exceeding national occupational health standards. The concentration/intensity of occupational hazards in other workplaces met the requirements of national occupational health standards. [Conclusion] Phosphorus pentasulfide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are the key occupational hazard factors in the production of phosphorus pentosulfide. Prevention and control of occupational hazards should be strengthened in key posts.
引文
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[2]赖纯米,高云,戴建云,等.五硫化二磷作业危害的调查[J].中国工业医学,2001,14(3):159-160.
[3]曹炳志.石油化工毒物手册[M].北京:中国劳动出版社,1992:183.
[4]王莹,顾祖维,张胜年,等.现代职业医学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1996:225.
[5]赖纯米,刘淑波,戴建云,等.五硫化二磷对作业工人健康危害的调查研究[J].中国公共卫生,2003,19(1):126.
[6]赖纯米,高云.接触五硫化二磷工人眼部影响的调查[J].眼外伤职业眼病杂志,2001,23(3):277-278.
[7]国家环境保护局有毒化学品管理办公室、化工部北京化工研究院环境保护研究所编.化学品毒性法规环境数据手册[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992:589.
[8]黄曦,王丽.一起急性硫化氢职业中毒事故的调查[J].实用预防医学,2010,17(7):1325.
[9]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素:GBZ 2.1-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:1-2.
[10]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分:物理因素:GBZ 2.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:9-10.
[11]聂传丽,黄世文,黎海红.广西3条金属铟生产线主要化学物质危害检测结果与分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2014,40(2):134-136.
[12]刘艳广.某合成氨、尿素项目职业病危害因素识别及关键控制点分析[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2016,34(4):317-318.
[13]黄日生,赵阳辉,冯忠海.密闭空间作业场所职业中毒事故的调查与分析[J].职业与健康,2013,29(16):1998-1999.
[14]张花玲,高华北,王华岚,等.一起密闭空间急性硫化氢中毒事故调查[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2009,27(2):111-112.
[15]门雁.密闭空间作业场所的职业病危害控制[J].职业与健康,2006,22(18):1431-1432.
[16]张敏,李涛,王焕强.密闭空间的职业病危害与控制技术[J].工业卫生与职业病,2005,31(1):5-8.
[17]杨新建.密闭空间窒息性气体职业中毒事故原因及预防控制措施分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2008,34(5):309-311.
[18]苏世标,陈建雄,闫雪华,等.某烟厂职业病危害因素识别与关键控制点分析[J].中国卫生工程学,2008,7(2):81-83.