北京市朝阳区汽车修理行业作业人员职业卫生现状调查
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摘要
目的了解北京市朝阳区汽修企业的职业病危害状况、防护设施及工作人员的职业健康状况。方法于2016年8—12月,对北京市朝阳区使用有机溶剂的汽修企业进行职业卫生情况调查,同时对企业提供的工作场所空气中有毒有害物质浓度的检测结果以及工人进行职业健康检查的结果汇总后进行综合分析。结果 59家企业以中小型企业为主,中型企业占16.95%,小型企业占81.36%;接触职业病危害因素职工人数占年末职工总人数的11.52%,企业职业病患者人数占接触危害职工数的11.71%,接触有机溶剂的人群数量较大;企业均能够对使用的漆料提供比较完善的化学品安全技术说明书(Material Safety Data Sheet, MSDS),其中有33种存在职业接触限值的化学物质,有41种目前还无职业接触限值标准的化学物质;共检测了569个作业点,除噪声外其他职业病危害因素监测结果均符合国家职业卫生标准,职业病危害因素现场检测项目数远小于企业提供漆料的MSDS种类项目数。结论北京市朝阳区汽车维修企业的职业卫生问题仍不容忽视,应加强职业卫生管理工作,做好职业危害标准的研究更新,切实保护劳动者健康。
[Objective]To understand the present situation of occupational hazards,the protective facilities and the occupational health of workers in the automobile repair industry of Chaoyang District in Beijing.[Methods] Survey of occupational health status of automobile repair enterprises using organic solvents in Chaoyang District of Beijing was made in August to December 2016, and the results which were the concentration of toxic and harmful substances in the air of workplace and the workers' occupational health examinations were comprehensively analyzed.[Results]Most of 59 enterprises were small and medium-sized enterprises,medium-sized enterprises accounted for 16.95%,small enterprises accounted for 81.36%. The number of workers exposed to occupational hazards accounted for 11.52% of the total number of workers at the end of the year,the number of workers with occupational diseases in enterprises accounted for 11.71% of the number of workers exposed to hazards,and the proportion of people exposed to organic solvents was larger. All enterprises were able to provide a relatively perfect Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) for the lacquer used,and there were 33 kinds of chemicals that have occupational exposure limits while 41 kinds of chemicals that do not currently have occupational exposure limits. Totally 569 operation points were detected. Except for noise,the monitoring results of other occupational hazards were in line with the national occupational health standards. The number of on-site detection items of occupational hazards was far less than the number of MSDS items provided by enterprises.[Conclusion]The occupational health problems of automobile repair enterprise cannot be ignored in Chaoyang District of Beijing.It is necessary to strengthen the management of occupational health,improve the research and update of occupational hazard standards,and effectively protect the health of workers.
[Objective]To understand the present situation of occupational hazards,the protective facilities and the occupational health of workers in the automobile repair industry of Chaoyang District in Beijing.[Methods] Survey of occupational health status of automobile repair enterprises using organic solvents in Chaoyang District of Beijing was made in August to December 2016, and the results which were the concentration of toxic and harmful substances in the air of workplace and the workers' occupational health examinations were comprehensively analyzed.[Results]Most of 59 enterprises were small and medium-sized enterprises,medium-sized enterprises accounted for 16.95%,small enterprises accounted for 81.36%. The number of workers exposed to occupational hazards accounted for 11.52% of the total number of workers at the end of the year,the number of workers with occupational diseases in enterprises accounted for 11.71% of the number of workers exposed to hazards,and the proportion of people exposed to organic solvents was larger. All enterprises were able to provide a relatively perfect Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) for the lacquer used,and there were 33 kinds of chemicals that have occupational exposure limits while 41 kinds of chemicals that do not currently have occupational exposure limits. Totally 569 operation points were detected. Except for noise,the monitoring results of other occupational hazards were in line with the national occupational health standards. The number of on-site detection items of occupational hazards was far less than the number of MSDS items provided by enterprises.[Conclusion]The occupational health problems of automobile repair enterprise cannot be ignored in Chaoyang District of Beijing.It is necessary to strengthen the management of occupational health,improve the research and update of occupational hazard standards,and effectively protect the health of workers.
引文
[1]任迎娣,于久愿,李海生,等.北京市海淀区汽修企业喷漆岗位职业病危害因素调查[J].职业与健康,2016,32(11):1545-1547.
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[3]尚隆邦,陆德伟.某集团汽车维修店职业病危害因素识别与检测[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2016,34(2):147-149.
[4]AL-GHAMDI SS.Occupational Exposure to Paints Causes Impairment of Kidney Functions[J/OL].J Environ Protectio n,2011,2:533-536.[2018-11-29].http://www.doc88.com/p-7079757523615.html.DOI:10.4236/jeb.2011.25061.
[5]RIDGWAY P,NIXON TE,LEACH JP.Occupational exposure to organic solvents and long-term nervous system damage detectable by brain imaging,Neurophysiology or histopathology[J/OL].Food Chem Toxicol,2003,41:153-187.[2018-11-29].http://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper/show?paperid=7dd437faa751239120c37e78edcb70cc&site=xueshu_se.DOI:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00214-4.
[6]GIULIA M,EMANAUELA C,MARIA G,et al.Toxic hepatitis in occupational exposure to solvents[J].World J Gastroenterol,2012,18(22):2756-2766.
[7]BEATA P,PATRICIA S,NEONILA S D,et al.Occupational exposure to organic solvents and breast cancer in women[J].Occup Environ Med,2010,67(11):722-729.
[8]刘宏凯,朱美芬,樊海军,等.汽车修理行业工作场所职业危害状况分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2008,34(5):301-304.
[9]徐国,林永听,陆伟华,等.上海市某区汽车4S店职业卫生现况调查[J].环境与职业医学,2008,25(3):285-287.
[10]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范:GBZ 159-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:1-6.
[11]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素:GBZ 2.1-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:3-10.
[12]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分:物理因素:GBZ 2.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:3-10.
[13]杨晓琳,张金龙,苏瑶.无锡市汽车4S店职业卫生现况调查及防治对策[J].中国职业医学,2010,37(4):352,354.
[14]何作力,王洋,安玉.2009-2013年大连市企业车间有机溶剂监测[J].预防医学论坛,2015,21(5):1672-9153.
[15]王铁兵,陈海霞,邰昌松,等.深圳市工作场所有机溶剂中职业病危害因素分析[J].职业卫生与病伤,2011,26(5):281-283.
[16]黄坚,刘春娣.汽车修理行业职业健康状况调查和分析[C].第十二次全国劳动卫生与职业病学术会议论文集,宁夏:银川,2012:270-271.
[17]周国伟,胡在方,张晓晖,等.北京市顺义区2010年职业病危害现状[J].职业与健康,2011,27(12):1350-1351.
[18]黄朝生,彭轩.某市54家企业有机溶剂职业危害情况调查[J].中国热带医学,2005,5(5):1093-1094.
[2]蒋立新,郑晓均,李汉锋,等.深圳市福田区汽车维修企业职业卫生现况调查[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2009,15(3):16-17.
[3]尚隆邦,陆德伟.某集团汽车维修店职业病危害因素识别与检测[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2016,34(2):147-149.
[4]AL-GHAMDI SS.Occupational Exposure to Paints Causes Impairment of Kidney Functions[J/OL].J Environ Protectio n,2011,2:533-536.[2018-11-29].http://www.doc88.com/p-7079757523615.html.DOI:10.4236/jeb.2011.25061.
[5]RIDGWAY P,NIXON TE,LEACH JP.Occupational exposure to organic solvents and long-term nervous system damage detectable by brain imaging,Neurophysiology or histopathology[J/OL].Food Chem Toxicol,2003,41:153-187.[2018-11-29].http://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper/show?paperid=7dd437faa751239120c37e78edcb70cc&site=xueshu_se.DOI:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00214-4.
[6]GIULIA M,EMANAUELA C,MARIA G,et al.Toxic hepatitis in occupational exposure to solvents[J].World J Gastroenterol,2012,18(22):2756-2766.
[7]BEATA P,PATRICIA S,NEONILA S D,et al.Occupational exposure to organic solvents and breast cancer in women[J].Occup Environ Med,2010,67(11):722-729.
[8]刘宏凯,朱美芬,樊海军,等.汽车修理行业工作场所职业危害状况分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2008,34(5):301-304.
[9]徐国,林永听,陆伟华,等.上海市某区汽车4S店职业卫生现况调查[J].环境与职业医学,2008,25(3):285-287.
[10]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范:GBZ 159-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:1-6.
[11]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素:GBZ 2.1-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:3-10.
[12]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分:物理因素:GBZ 2.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:3-10.
[13]杨晓琳,张金龙,苏瑶.无锡市汽车4S店职业卫生现况调查及防治对策[J].中国职业医学,2010,37(4):352,354.
[14]何作力,王洋,安玉.2009-2013年大连市企业车间有机溶剂监测[J].预防医学论坛,2015,21(5):1672-9153.
[15]王铁兵,陈海霞,邰昌松,等.深圳市工作场所有机溶剂中职业病危害因素分析[J].职业卫生与病伤,2011,26(5):281-283.
[16]黄坚,刘春娣.汽车修理行业职业健康状况调查和分析[C].第十二次全国劳动卫生与职业病学术会议论文集,宁夏:银川,2012:270-271.
[17]周国伟,胡在方,张晓晖,等.北京市顺义区2010年职业病危害现状[J].职业与健康,2011,27(12):1350-1351.
[18]黄朝生,彭轩.某市54家企业有机溶剂职业危害情况调查[J].中国热带医学,2005,5(5):1093-1094.