手套生产针车工人职业紧张与精神卫生状况及其影响因素分析
|
摘要
[目的]调查某手套生产企业针车工人职业紧张与精神卫生状况,分析精神卫生状况的影响因素,为企业职业健康促进提供依据。[方法]以该企业全部针车工人作为观察组,选取性别构成相同、年龄相似的非针车工人作为对照组,两组各131人,分别对其进行麦克林职业紧张问卷和哥德伯格普通健康问卷调查;并对针车工人精神卫生状况的影响因素进行logistic回归分析。[结果]观察组和对照组在性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、月平均收入的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的职业紧张程度大、应付能力弱、精神卫生异常的发生率分别是20.61%、18.32%和32.82%,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。观察组职业紧张问卷的职业紧张因素、应付能力2个维度的得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);观察组工作满意感维度得分(30.50±4.92)低于对照组(30.64±3.62),但差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。观察组普通健康问卷的积极性项目平均异常率为25.06%,较对照组(10.81%)高,除"感觉愉快"条目外,其他条目的异常率均高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P <0.01);对照组消极性项目平均异常率为14.50%,较观察组(29.39%)低,除"因焦虑失眠"条目外,观察组其他条目的异常率均高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。应付能力弱(OR=3.576,95%CI:1.405～9.101)是针车工人精神卫生异常的危险因素。[结论]与企业其他员工相比,该手套生产企业针车工人的职业紧张程度较高,企业应针对针车工人的应付能力弱、工作满意感差等问题,制定职业健康促进干预措施,以预防职业紧张与精神卫生异常的发生与发展。
[Objective] To investigate the occupational stress and mental health status of sewing workers in a glove manufacturing enterprise,to analyze the influencing factors of their mental health status,and provide a basis for the promotion of occupational health. [Methods] All 131 sewing workers in this enterprise were studied,and the other 131 workers matched with gender and age within the enterprise were selected as the control group. The Occupational Stress Questionnaire and Goldberg 's General Health Questionnaire were used to survey the workers' occupational stress and mental health status. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of the mental health status of these sewing workers. [Results] There were no significant difference of gender,age,marital status,education level and monthly average income between the two groups(P >0.05).The incidence of occupational stress,weak coping ability and mental health abnormalities among sewing workers were20.61%,18.32% and 32.82%,respectively,higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05),while the scores of occupational stress factors and coping ability in the observation group higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05). The job satisfaction dimension score was similar [(30.50 ± 4.92)in the observation group vs.(30.64 ± 3.62)in the control group(P > 0.05)].The average abnormal rate of the active items in the observation group was 25.06%,higher than that in the control group(10.81%).The abnormal rates of active items,except for the item "feeling pleasant",in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P < 0.01). The average abnormal rate of negative items in the control group was 14.50%,lower than that in the observation group(29.39%). The abnormal rates of negative items,except for the item "due to anxiety and insomnia",in the observation group were higher than those in the observation group(P < 0.05). It showed that poor coping capacity was risk factor for abnormal mental health(OR = 3.576,95% CI:1.405-9.101). [Conclusion] Compared with other employees within this enterprise,the occupational stress and mental health status of sewing workers in the glove manufacturing enterprise were higher.The enterprise should set up occupational health promotion measures to prevent the sewing workers from coping with weak ability and poor job satisfaction.
[Objective] To investigate the occupational stress and mental health status of sewing workers in a glove manufacturing enterprise,to analyze the influencing factors of their mental health status,and provide a basis for the promotion of occupational health. [Methods] All 131 sewing workers in this enterprise were studied,and the other 131 workers matched with gender and age within the enterprise were selected as the control group. The Occupational Stress Questionnaire and Goldberg 's General Health Questionnaire were used to survey the workers' occupational stress and mental health status. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of the mental health status of these sewing workers. [Results] There were no significant difference of gender,age,marital status,education level and monthly average income between the two groups(P >0.05).The incidence of occupational stress,weak coping ability and mental health abnormalities among sewing workers were20.61%,18.32% and 32.82%,respectively,higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05),while the scores of occupational stress factors and coping ability in the observation group higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05). The job satisfaction dimension score was similar [(30.50 ± 4.92)in the observation group vs.(30.64 ± 3.62)in the control group(P > 0.05)].The average abnormal rate of the active items in the observation group was 25.06%,higher than that in the control group(10.81%).The abnormal rates of active items,except for the item "feeling pleasant",in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P < 0.01). The average abnormal rate of negative items in the control group was 14.50%,lower than that in the observation group(29.39%). The abnormal rates of negative items,except for the item "due to anxiety and insomnia",in the observation group were higher than those in the observation group(P < 0.05). It showed that poor coping capacity was risk factor for abnormal mental health(OR = 3.576,95% CI:1.405-9.101). [Conclusion] Compared with other employees within this enterprise,the occupational stress and mental health status of sewing workers in the glove manufacturing enterprise were higher.The enterprise should set up occupational health promotion measures to prevent the sewing workers from coping with weak ability and poor job satisfaction.
引文
[1]周旭,肖元梅.职业紧张与职业人群健康关系的研究进展[J].南昌大学学报(医学版),2013,53(5):79-81.
[2]江灼巧.我国精神卫生资源现状及需求研究进展[J].右江民族医学院学报,2016,38(4):442-443.
[3] GIORGI G,LEON-PEREZ J M,PIGNATA S,et al. Addressing risks:mental health,work-related stress,and occupational disease management to enhance well-being[J]. Biomed Res Int,2018:5130676.
[4]高晓燕,刘继文.职业紧张与职业人群健康研究进展[J].新疆医科大学学报,2016,39(4):405-407.
[5] World Health Organization. Mental health action plan 2013-2020[EB/OL].(2013-05-31)[2018-09-11]. http://www.who.int/mental_health/publications/action_plan/en/.
[6] World Health Organization. World Mental Health Day 2017:mental health in the workplace[EB/OL].(2017-10-10)[2018-09-11]. http://www.who.int/mental_health/world-mental-health-day/2017/en/.
[7] YANG J,SIRI J G,REMAIS J V,et al. The Tsinghua-Lancet commission on healthy cities in China:unlocking the power of cities for a healthy China[J]. The Lancet,2018,391(10135):2140-2184.
[8] World Health Organization.Mental Health ATLAS 2017[EB/OL].(2013-05-31)[2018-09-11]. http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/atlas/mental_health_atlas_2017/en/.
[9]刘磊,程婷婷,唐昆,等.皖西地区企业员工职业与健康知识、态度、需求调查[J].中国工业医学杂志,2018,31(5):393-395.
[10]王建宇,张燕,苏艺伟,等.某电子厂接触噪声工人职业紧张与精神卫生状况调查[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2017,35(3):203-205.
[11]许丹,陈青松,郑创亮,等.某蓄电池企业员工职业紧张和心理健康状况调查[J].职业卫生与病伤,2014,29(5):347-351.
[12]李广益,夏猛,王敏,等.某燃煤电厂接触噪声人群职业紧张与精神卫生状况调查[J].中国工业医学杂志,2016,29(2):142-144.
[13]梁佳志,梁志彬,周珊宇,等.广州市某制药企业流水线工人职业紧张和精神卫生现况调查[J].职业与健康,2017,33(20):2763-2766.
[14]陈惠清,李小亮,黄晋,等.劳动密集型企业工人职业应激状况及其影响因素分析[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(4):445-449.
[15]王宇.实现健康中国的必由之路[J].科学通报,2018,63(11):983-984.
[16] SAWHNEY G,JENNINGS K S,BRITT T W,et al. Occupational stress and mental health symptoms:examining the moderating effect of work recovery strategies in firefighters[J]. J Occup Health Psychol,2018,23(3):443-456.
[17] MICHISHITA R,JIANG Y,ARIYOSHI D,et al. The practice of active rest by workplace units improves personal relationships,mental health,and physical activity among workers[J]. J Occup Health,2017,59(2):122-130.
[2]江灼巧.我国精神卫生资源现状及需求研究进展[J].右江民族医学院学报,2016,38(4):442-443.
[3] GIORGI G,LEON-PEREZ J M,PIGNATA S,et al. Addressing risks:mental health,work-related stress,and occupational disease management to enhance well-being[J]. Biomed Res Int,2018:5130676.
[4]高晓燕,刘继文.职业紧张与职业人群健康研究进展[J].新疆医科大学学报,2016,39(4):405-407.
[5] World Health Organization. Mental health action plan 2013-2020[EB/OL].(2013-05-31)[2018-09-11]. http://www.who.int/mental_health/publications/action_plan/en/.
[6] World Health Organization. World Mental Health Day 2017:mental health in the workplace[EB/OL].(2017-10-10)[2018-09-11]. http://www.who.int/mental_health/world-mental-health-day/2017/en/.
[7] YANG J,SIRI J G,REMAIS J V,et al. The Tsinghua-Lancet commission on healthy cities in China:unlocking the power of cities for a healthy China[J]. The Lancet,2018,391(10135):2140-2184.
[8] World Health Organization.Mental Health ATLAS 2017[EB/OL].(2013-05-31)[2018-09-11]. http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/atlas/mental_health_atlas_2017/en/.
[9]刘磊,程婷婷,唐昆,等.皖西地区企业员工职业与健康知识、态度、需求调查[J].中国工业医学杂志,2018,31(5):393-395.
[10]王建宇,张燕,苏艺伟,等.某电子厂接触噪声工人职业紧张与精神卫生状况调查[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2017,35(3):203-205.
[11]许丹,陈青松,郑创亮,等.某蓄电池企业员工职业紧张和心理健康状况调查[J].职业卫生与病伤,2014,29(5):347-351.
[12]李广益,夏猛,王敏,等.某燃煤电厂接触噪声人群职业紧张与精神卫生状况调查[J].中国工业医学杂志,2016,29(2):142-144.
[13]梁佳志,梁志彬,周珊宇,等.广州市某制药企业流水线工人职业紧张和精神卫生现况调查[J].职业与健康,2017,33(20):2763-2766.
[14]陈惠清,李小亮,黄晋,等.劳动密集型企业工人职业应激状况及其影响因素分析[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(4):445-449.
[15]王宇.实现健康中国的必由之路[J].科学通报,2018,63(11):983-984.
[16] SAWHNEY G,JENNINGS K S,BRITT T W,et al. Occupational stress and mental health symptoms:examining the moderating effect of work recovery strategies in firefighters[J]. J Occup Health Psychol,2018,23(3):443-456.
[17] MICHISHITA R,JIANG Y,ARIYOSHI D,et al. The practice of active rest by workplace units improves personal relationships,mental health,and physical activity among workers[J]. J Occup Health,2017,59(2):122-130.