职务科技成果混合所有制的经济分析
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摘要
基于职务科技成果权属制度变迁的视角,运用经济分析方法,以雇员与雇主的投资成本为分析工具,对职务科技成果混合所有制这一新型权属模式进行研究,根据"成本—收益"博弈结果做出最优的制度选择。研究发现:职务科技成果混合所有制的适用,可产生降低交易成本、避免公地悲剧、防止国有资产流失的预期效益。职务科技成果混合所有制的优化,应结合劳动关系,合理界定职务科技成果,健全权属纠纷解决机制,完善具体政策实施细则,以实现社会效用最大化。
Based on the perspective of institutional change on ownership of employee S&T achievements, this paper studies a new ownership system of employee S&T achievements called mixed ownership with economic analysis method by taking the investment cost of employee and employer as analysis tool, and makes optimal institutional choices according to the game result of cost-benefit. Results show that, the application for mixed ownership of employee S&T achievements can produce anticipated benefits that reducing transaction costs, avoiding tragedy of commons and preventing loss of state-owned assets.Optimization of mixed ownership of employee S&T achievements should define employee S&T achievements rationally combined with labor relations, perfect ownership disputes resolution mechanism, and improve specific policy implementation rules, in order to maximize social utility.
Based on the perspective of institutional change on ownership of employee S&T achievements, this paper studies a new ownership system of employee S&T achievements called mixed ownership with economic analysis method by taking the investment cost of employee and employer as analysis tool, and makes optimal institutional choices according to the game result of cost-benefit. Results show that, the application for mixed ownership of employee S&T achievements can produce anticipated benefits that reducing transaction costs, avoiding tragedy of commons and preventing loss of state-owned assets.Optimization of mixed ownership of employee S&T achievements should define employee S&T achievements rationally combined with labor relations, perfect ownership disputes resolution mechanism, and improve specific policy implementation rules, in order to maximize social utility.
引文
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[3]叶云卿.学研机构专利权共有型态与专利权归属之研究[J].智慧财产评论,2018,15(1):1-68.
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[5]周泽夏.知识产权法经济分析的理论基础——基于《知识产权法的经济结构》的讨论[J].政法论坛,2018,36(4):168-178.
[6]曹爱红,王涵,王艳辉.职务科技成果所有权的法律归属研究[J].科技中国,2018(5):71-77.
[7] Lee Soo-Mee, Kim Won-Oh. A Comparative Study of EmployeeInventions and Works Made For Hire Regimes in Korea, U. S. GreatBritain, and Germany[J]. ALF, 2013(2):119-142.
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[10] Garrett Hardin. The Tragedy of the Commons[J]. SCIENCE,1968, 162(3859):1243-1248.
[11]蒋舸.职务发明奖酬管制的理论困境与现实出路[J].中国法学,2016(3):125-144.
[12] Sanna Wolk. Remuneration of Employee Inventors——Is There aCommon European Ground? A Comparison of National Laws onCompensation of Inventors in Germany, France, Spain, Swedenand the United Kingdom[J]. IIC, 2011(42):272.
[13] Adrian Chandler. Ownership of Employees.Inventions:Duties, Ex-pectations and Variable Objectivity[J]. European IntellectualProperty Review, 2008, 30(4):164-169.
[2]刘鑫.职务发明权利归属的立法变革与制度安排——兼评《专利法修订草案(送审稿)》第6条[J].法学杂志,2018,39(2):132-140.
[3]叶云卿.学研机构专利权共有型态与专利权归属之研究[J].智慧财产评论,2018,15(1):1-68.
[4]丁明磊.地方探索职务科技成果权属混合所有制改革的思考与建议[J].科学管理研究,2018,36(1):17-20+45.
[5]周泽夏.知识产权法经济分析的理论基础——基于《知识产权法的经济结构》的讨论[J].政法论坛,2018,36(4):168-178.
[6]曹爱红,王涵,王艳辉.职务科技成果所有权的法律归属研究[J].科技中国,2018(5):71-77.
[7] Lee Soo-Mee, Kim Won-Oh. A Comparative Study of EmployeeInventions and Works Made For Hire Regimes in Korea, U. S. GreatBritain, and Germany[J]. ALF, 2013(2):119-142.
[8][德]柯武刚,史漫飞.制度经济学:社会秩序与公共政策[M].韩朝华译.北京:商务印书馆,2000. 33.
[9][美]理查德·A.波斯纳.法律的经济分析[M].蒋兆康译.北京:法律出版社,2012. 52.
[10] Garrett Hardin. The Tragedy of the Commons[J]. SCIENCE,1968, 162(3859):1243-1248.
[11]蒋舸.职务发明奖酬管制的理论困境与现实出路[J].中国法学,2016(3):125-144.
[12] Sanna Wolk. Remuneration of Employee Inventors——Is There aCommon European Ground? A Comparison of National Laws onCompensation of Inventors in Germany, France, Spain, Swedenand the United Kingdom[J]. IIC, 2011(42):272.
[13] Adrian Chandler. Ownership of Employees.Inventions:Duties, Ex-pectations and Variable Objectivity[J]. European IntellectualProperty Review, 2008, 30(4):164-169.