联盟组合的网络结构对企业创新能力影响的研究
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摘要
在相关文献回顾的基础上,构建了联盟组合网络结构(网络联系、网络规模)与创新能力的理论模型,对联盟组合的网络结构与创新能力之间的直接作用进行了剖析,并探讨了吸收能力、跨界搜索在网络联系、网络规模及创新能力之间的中介及调节作用.同时,探究了跨界搜索是否对网络联系、网络规模与创新能力直接作用和间接作用存在调节作用.研究表明:网络联系、网络规模均能够对创新能力产生积极影响;吸收能力在网络联系、网络规模与创新能力之间发挥部分中介作用.同时,跨界搜索能够正向调节吸收能力与创新能力的关系;跨界搜索在网络联系与创新能力之间发挥正向调节作用;跨界搜索对网络规模与创新能力的调节作用,仅在高跨界搜索水平时存在.跨界搜索对网络结构与创新能力间接作用的调节效应没有得到支持.因此,企业应该重视和平衡联盟组合网络结构对企业创新能力的作用,加强组织学习和跨界搜索,充分利用组织的网络效应,实现企业开放式创新与价值创造.
Based on the literature review,it developed a framework on alliance portfolio's network architecture( network tie,network size) and innovation capability. It investigated the direct relationships among network tie,network size and innovation capability,and explored the moderation or mediation roles of absorptive capacity and boundary-spanning search in the above relationships. Furthermore,it explored whether boundary-spanning search played a moderation role in the direct and indirect effects of network ties,network scale and innovation capability. The research results show that: both network tie and network scale have positive impacts on innovation ability; absorptive capacity plays a partly mediation role between network tie,network scale and innovation ability; boundary-spanning search positively moderates absorptive capacity and innovation ability. In addition,the moderating effect of boundary-spanning search on network tie and innovation ability increases with the increase of boundary-spanning search,while the moderating effect of boundary-spanning search on network scale and innovation ability only exists at high c boundary-spanning search level.The mediation effect of boundary-spanning search on the mediation effect of absorptive capability on network structure and innovation ability is not supported. Therefore,enterprises should pay attention to and balance the role of alliance network structure and innovation ability,strengthen organizational learning and boundary-spanning search,make full use of the network effect of organizations,and realize enterprise open innovation and value creation.
Based on the literature review,it developed a framework on alliance portfolio's network architecture( network tie,network size) and innovation capability. It investigated the direct relationships among network tie,network size and innovation capability,and explored the moderation or mediation roles of absorptive capacity and boundary-spanning search in the above relationships. Furthermore,it explored whether boundary-spanning search played a moderation role in the direct and indirect effects of network ties,network scale and innovation capability. The research results show that: both network tie and network scale have positive impacts on innovation ability; absorptive capacity plays a partly mediation role between network tie,network scale and innovation ability; boundary-spanning search positively moderates absorptive capacity and innovation ability. In addition,the moderating effect of boundary-spanning search on network tie and innovation ability increases with the increase of boundary-spanning search,while the moderating effect of boundary-spanning search on network scale and innovation ability only exists at high c boundary-spanning search level.The mediation effect of boundary-spanning search on the mediation effect of absorptive capability on network structure and innovation ability is not supported. Therefore,enterprises should pay attention to and balance the role of alliance network structure and innovation ability,strengthen organizational learning and boundary-spanning search,make full use of the network effect of organizations,and realize enterprise open innovation and value creation.
引文
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[2] Baum A C J,Cowan R,Jonard N. Network-independent partner selection and the evolution of innovation networks[J]. Management Science,2010,56(11):2094-2110.
[3] Castro I,Casanueva C,Galn J L. Dynamic evolution of alliance portfolios[J]. European Management Journal,2014,32(3):423-433.
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[7] Faems D,Janssens M,Neyens I. Alliance portfolios and innovation performance:Connecting structural and managerial perspectives[J]. Group&Organization Management,2012,37(2):241-268.
[8] Andrevski G,Brass D J,Ferrier W J. Alliance portfolio configurations and competitive action frequency[J].Journal of Management,2016,42(4):811-837.
[9] Asgari N,Singh K,Mitchell W. Alliance portfolio reconfiguration following a technological discontinuity[J].Strategic Management Journal,2017,38(5):1062-1081.
[10] Afuah A. Are network effects really all about size? The role of structure and conduct[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2013,34(3):257-273.
[11] Lopez-Vega H,Tell F,Vanhaverbeke W. Where and how to search? Search paths in open innovation[J]. Research Policy,2016,45(1):125-136.
[12] Dahlander L,OMahony S,Gann D M. One foot in,one foot out:How does individualsexternal search breadth affect innovation outcomes?[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2016,37(2):280-302.
[13] Ozcan P,Eisenhardt K M. Origin of alliance portfolios:Entrepreneurs,network strategies,and firm performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2009,52(2):246-279.
[14] Ahuja G,Soda G,Zaheer A. The genesis and dynamics of organizational networks[J]. Organization Science,2012,23(2):434-448.
[15] Castro I,Roldn J L,Acedo F J. The dimensions of alliance portfolio configuration:A mediation model[J].Journal of Management&Organization,2015,21(2):176-202.
[16] Partanen J,Chetty S K,Rajala A. Innovation types and network relationships[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2014,38(5):1027-1055.
[17] Bloom N,Schankerman M,Van Reenen J. Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry[J].Econometrica,2013,81(4):1347-1393.
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[19] Granovetter M. The impact of social structure on economic outcomes[J]. Journal of Economic Perspective,2005,19(1):33-50.
[20] Vanhaverbeke W,Gilsing V,Duysters G. Competence and governance in strategic collaboration:The differential effect of network structure on the creation of core and noncore technology[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012,29(5):784-802.
[21] Kim H S,Choi S Y. Technological alliance portfolio configuration and firm performance[J]. Review of Managerial Science,2014,8(4):541-558.
[22] Lahiri N,Narayanan S. Vertical integration,innovation,and alliance portfolio size:Implications for firm performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2013,34(9):1042-1064.
[23] Gupta A K,Tesluk P E,Taylor M S. Innovation at and across multiple levels of analysis[J]. Organization Science,2007,18(6):885-897.
[24] Swaminathan V,Moorman C. Marketing alliances,firm networks,and firm value creation[J]. Journal of Marketing,2009,73(5):52-69.
[25] Tortoriello M. The social underpinnings of absorptive capacity:The moderating effects of structural holes on innovation generation based on external knowledge[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2015,36(4):586-597.
[26] Omidvar O,Edler J,Malik K. Development of absorptive capacity over time and across boundaries:The case of R&D consortia[J]. Long Range Planning,2017,50(5):665-683.
[27] Carnabuci G,Operti E. Where do firmsrecombinant capabilities come from? Intraorganizational networks,knowledge,and firmsability to innovate through technological recombination[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2013,34(13):1591-1613.
[28] Easterby-Smith M,Lyles M A,Tsang E W K. Inter-organizational knowledge transfer:Current themes and future prospects[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2008,45(4):677-690.
[29] Inkpen A C,Tsang E W K. Social capital,networks,and knowledge transfer[J]. Academy of Management Review,2005,30(1):146-165.
[30] Wales W J,Parida V,Patel P C. Too much of a good thing? Absorptive capacity,firm performance,and the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2013,34(5):622-633.
[31] Cui A S,OConnor G. Alliance portfolio resource diversity and firm innovation[J]. Journal of Marketing,2012,76(4):24-43.
[32] Pangarkar N,Yuan Lin,Hussain S. Too much of a good thing? Alliance portfolio size and alliance expansion[J]. European Management Journal,2017,35(4):477-485.
[33] Cohen W M,Levinthal D A. Absorptive capacity:A new perspective on learning and innovation[J]. Administrative science quarterly,1990,35(1):128-152.
[34] Martini A,Neirotti P,Appio F P. Knowledge searching,integrating and performing:Always a tuned trio for innovation?[J]. Long Range Planning,2017,50(2):200-220.
[35] Jung H J. The quest for originality:A new typology of knowledge search and breakthrough inventions[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2016,59(5):1725-1753.
[36] Laursen K,Masciarelli F,Prencipe A. Regions matter:How localized social capital affects innovation and external knowledge acquisition[J]. Organization Science,2012,23(1):177-193.
[37] Wu Jie,Wu Zefu. Local and international knowledge search and product innovation:The moderating role of technology boundary spanning[J]. International Business Review,2014,23(3):542-551.
[38] K9hler C,Sofka W,Grimpe C. Selective search,sectoral patterns,and the impact on product innovation performance[J]. Research Policy,2012,41(8):1344-1356.
[39] Gilsing V,Nooteboom B. Density and strength of ties in innovation networks:An analysis of multimedia and biotechnology[J]. European Management Review,2005,2(3):179-197.
[40] Petróczi A,Nepusz T,BazsóF. Measuring tie-strength in virtual social networks[J]. Connections,2007,27(2):39-52.
[41] Tsai W. Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks:Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2001,44(5):996-1004.
[42] Omidvar O,Edler J,Malik K. Development of absorptive capacity over time and across boundaries:The case of R&D consortia[J]. Long Range Planning,2017,50(5):665-683.
[43] Jansen J J P,Bosch F A J V D,Volberda H W. Managing potential and realized absorptive capacity:How do organizational antecedents matter?[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(6):999-1015.
[44] Sidhu J S,Commandeur H R,Volberda H W. The multifaceted nature of exploration and exploitation:Value of supply,demand,and spatial search for innovation[J]. Organization Science,2007,18(1):20-38.
[45] Dadfar H,Dahlgaard J J,Brege S,et al. Linkage between organizational innovation capability,product platform development and performance:The case of pharmaceutical small and medium enterprises in Iran[J]. Total Quality Management&Business Excellence,2013,24(7/8):819-834.
[46] Yang M-L,Wang A M-L,Cheng K-C. The impact of quality of IS information and budget slack on innovation performance[J]. Technovation,2009,29(8):527-536.
[47]陈晓萍,徐淑英,樊景立.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M]. 2版.北京:北京大学出版社,2012:574.
[2] Baum A C J,Cowan R,Jonard N. Network-independent partner selection and the evolution of innovation networks[J]. Management Science,2010,56(11):2094-2110.
[3] Castro I,Casanueva C,Galn J L. Dynamic evolution of alliance portfolios[J]. European Management Journal,2014,32(3):423-433.
[4] Jiang Ruihua J,Tao Qingjiu T,Santoro M D. Alliance portfolio diversity and firm performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(10):1136-1144.
[5] Bellamy M A,Ghosh S,Hora M. The influence of supply network structure on firm innovation[J]. Journal of Operations Management,2014,32(6):357-373.
[6] Kim Y,Choi T Y,Yan Tingting,et al. Structural investigation of supply networks:A social network analysis approach[J]. Journal of Operations Management,2011,29(3):194-211.
[7] Faems D,Janssens M,Neyens I. Alliance portfolios and innovation performance:Connecting structural and managerial perspectives[J]. Group&Organization Management,2012,37(2):241-268.
[8] Andrevski G,Brass D J,Ferrier W J. Alliance portfolio configurations and competitive action frequency[J].Journal of Management,2016,42(4):811-837.
[9] Asgari N,Singh K,Mitchell W. Alliance portfolio reconfiguration following a technological discontinuity[J].Strategic Management Journal,2017,38(5):1062-1081.
[10] Afuah A. Are network effects really all about size? The role of structure and conduct[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2013,34(3):257-273.
[11] Lopez-Vega H,Tell F,Vanhaverbeke W. Where and how to search? Search paths in open innovation[J]. Research Policy,2016,45(1):125-136.
[12] Dahlander L,OMahony S,Gann D M. One foot in,one foot out:How does individualsexternal search breadth affect innovation outcomes?[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2016,37(2):280-302.
[13] Ozcan P,Eisenhardt K M. Origin of alliance portfolios:Entrepreneurs,network strategies,and firm performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2009,52(2):246-279.
[14] Ahuja G,Soda G,Zaheer A. The genesis and dynamics of organizational networks[J]. Organization Science,2012,23(2):434-448.
[15] Castro I,Roldn J L,Acedo F J. The dimensions of alliance portfolio configuration:A mediation model[J].Journal of Management&Organization,2015,21(2):176-202.
[16] Partanen J,Chetty S K,Rajala A. Innovation types and network relationships[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2014,38(5):1027-1055.
[17] Bloom N,Schankerman M,Van Reenen J. Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry[J].Econometrica,2013,81(4):1347-1393.
[18] Todo Y,Matous P,Inoue H. The strength of long ties and the weakness of strong ties:Knowledge diffusion through supply chain networks[J]. Research Policy,2016,45(9):1890-1906.
[19] Granovetter M. The impact of social structure on economic outcomes[J]. Journal of Economic Perspective,2005,19(1):33-50.
[20] Vanhaverbeke W,Gilsing V,Duysters G. Competence and governance in strategic collaboration:The differential effect of network structure on the creation of core and noncore technology[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012,29(5):784-802.
[21] Kim H S,Choi S Y. Technological alliance portfolio configuration and firm performance[J]. Review of Managerial Science,2014,8(4):541-558.
[22] Lahiri N,Narayanan S. Vertical integration,innovation,and alliance portfolio size:Implications for firm performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2013,34(9):1042-1064.
[23] Gupta A K,Tesluk P E,Taylor M S. Innovation at and across multiple levels of analysis[J]. Organization Science,2007,18(6):885-897.
[24] Swaminathan V,Moorman C. Marketing alliances,firm networks,and firm value creation[J]. Journal of Marketing,2009,73(5):52-69.
[25] Tortoriello M. The social underpinnings of absorptive capacity:The moderating effects of structural holes on innovation generation based on external knowledge[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2015,36(4):586-597.
[26] Omidvar O,Edler J,Malik K. Development of absorptive capacity over time and across boundaries:The case of R&D consortia[J]. Long Range Planning,2017,50(5):665-683.
[27] Carnabuci G,Operti E. Where do firmsrecombinant capabilities come from? Intraorganizational networks,knowledge,and firmsability to innovate through technological recombination[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2013,34(13):1591-1613.
[28] Easterby-Smith M,Lyles M A,Tsang E W K. Inter-organizational knowledge transfer:Current themes and future prospects[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2008,45(4):677-690.
[29] Inkpen A C,Tsang E W K. Social capital,networks,and knowledge transfer[J]. Academy of Management Review,2005,30(1):146-165.
[30] Wales W J,Parida V,Patel P C. Too much of a good thing? Absorptive capacity,firm performance,and the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2013,34(5):622-633.
[31] Cui A S,OConnor G. Alliance portfolio resource diversity and firm innovation[J]. Journal of Marketing,2012,76(4):24-43.
[32] Pangarkar N,Yuan Lin,Hussain S. Too much of a good thing? Alliance portfolio size and alliance expansion[J]. European Management Journal,2017,35(4):477-485.
[33] Cohen W M,Levinthal D A. Absorptive capacity:A new perspective on learning and innovation[J]. Administrative science quarterly,1990,35(1):128-152.
[34] Martini A,Neirotti P,Appio F P. Knowledge searching,integrating and performing:Always a tuned trio for innovation?[J]. Long Range Planning,2017,50(2):200-220.
[35] Jung H J. The quest for originality:A new typology of knowledge search and breakthrough inventions[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2016,59(5):1725-1753.
[36] Laursen K,Masciarelli F,Prencipe A. Regions matter:How localized social capital affects innovation and external knowledge acquisition[J]. Organization Science,2012,23(1):177-193.
[37] Wu Jie,Wu Zefu. Local and international knowledge search and product innovation:The moderating role of technology boundary spanning[J]. International Business Review,2014,23(3):542-551.
[38] K9hler C,Sofka W,Grimpe C. Selective search,sectoral patterns,and the impact on product innovation performance[J]. Research Policy,2012,41(8):1344-1356.
[39] Gilsing V,Nooteboom B. Density and strength of ties in innovation networks:An analysis of multimedia and biotechnology[J]. European Management Review,2005,2(3):179-197.
[40] Petróczi A,Nepusz T,BazsóF. Measuring tie-strength in virtual social networks[J]. Connections,2007,27(2):39-52.
[41] Tsai W. Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks:Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2001,44(5):996-1004.
[42] Omidvar O,Edler J,Malik K. Development of absorptive capacity over time and across boundaries:The case of R&D consortia[J]. Long Range Planning,2017,50(5):665-683.
[43] Jansen J J P,Bosch F A J V D,Volberda H W. Managing potential and realized absorptive capacity:How do organizational antecedents matter?[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(6):999-1015.
[44] Sidhu J S,Commandeur H R,Volberda H W. The multifaceted nature of exploration and exploitation:Value of supply,demand,and spatial search for innovation[J]. Organization Science,2007,18(1):20-38.
[45] Dadfar H,Dahlgaard J J,Brege S,et al. Linkage between organizational innovation capability,product platform development and performance:The case of pharmaceutical small and medium enterprises in Iran[J]. Total Quality Management&Business Excellence,2013,24(7/8):819-834.
[46] Yang M-L,Wang A M-L,Cheng K-C. The impact of quality of IS information and budget slack on innovation performance[J]. Technovation,2009,29(8):527-536.
[47]陈晓萍,徐淑英,樊景立.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M]. 2版.北京:北京大学出版社,2012:574.