聚乙烯醇链接二苯并18冠6构筑燃料电池用阴离子导电膜的研究
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摘要
在聚乙烯醇(PVA)膜中分别加入质量分数为5%的戊二醛(GA)和冠醚(FDB18C6)形成P-G膜和P-F膜,再向P-F膜中加入质量分数为5%的GA形成P-F-G膜。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、电镜和热失重分析分别对PVA膜、P-G膜、P-F膜和P-F-G膜进行结构、形貌及热稳定性表征,同时对上述样品分别进行机械强度、含水率、离子交换量和电导率等性能测试。结果表明,P-G膜相比PVA膜拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别增加了6. 58%和2. 30%,含水率降低8. 82%。P-F膜相比PVA膜的含水率降低了41. 89%,离子交换量增长了54. 84%,70℃时电导率从7. 63 m S/cm上升到14. 48 m S/cm。P-F-G膜相比PVA膜、P-G膜、P-F膜具有较好的机械性能、相对较高的离子交换量和电导率。
P-G membrane and P-F membrane are formed separately by adding glutaraldehyde(GA) up to a mass fraction of 5% and crown ether(FDB18 C6) respectively into polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) membrane.P-F-G membrane is further prepared by adding 5% of GA in mass fraction into the prepared P-F membrane. The structure,morphology,and thermal stability of four membranes including PVA,P-G,P-F and P-F-G are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,electron morphology and thermal stability,respectively.At the same time,a series of performance tests such as mechanical strength,moisture content,ion exchange capacity and conductivity are performed for these membranes.The results show that the tensile strength and elongation at break of P-G membrane increase by 6. 58% and 2. 30% compared to PVA membrane,respectively,and the moisture content decreases by 8. 82%.Compared with PVA membrane,the moisture content of P-F membrane decreases by 41. 89%,its ion exchange capacity increases by 54. 84% and its conductivity increases from 7. 63 m S·cm-1 to 14. 48 m S·cm-1 at 70℃. Compared with PVA membrane,P-G membrane and P-F membrane,P-F-G membrane has better mechanical properties,higher ion exchange capacity and ionic conductivity.
P-G membrane and P-F membrane are formed separately by adding glutaraldehyde(GA) up to a mass fraction of 5% and crown ether(FDB18 C6) respectively into polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) membrane.P-F-G membrane is further prepared by adding 5% of GA in mass fraction into the prepared P-F membrane. The structure,morphology,and thermal stability of four membranes including PVA,P-G,P-F and P-F-G are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,electron morphology and thermal stability,respectively.At the same time,a series of performance tests such as mechanical strength,moisture content,ion exchange capacity and conductivity are performed for these membranes.The results show that the tensile strength and elongation at break of P-G membrane increase by 6. 58% and 2. 30% compared to PVA membrane,respectively,and the moisture content decreases by 8. 82%.Compared with PVA membrane,the moisture content of P-F membrane decreases by 41. 89%,its ion exchange capacity increases by 54. 84% and its conductivity increases from 7. 63 m S·cm-1 to 14. 48 m S·cm-1 at 70℃. Compared with PVA membrane,P-G membrane and P-F membrane,P-F-G membrane has better mechanical properties,higher ion exchange capacity and ionic conductivity.
引文
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[22]史继富,黄启章,沈成家,等.聚乙烯醇缩醛基准固态电解质及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用[J].高分子学报,2016,(12):1735-1742.
[2]张皓天,杨平,崔珺,等.QCS-CM-Guanidine全互穿网络阴离子交换膜的制备及其性能[J].现代化工,2017,(8):98-103.
[3]Dang H S, Jannasch P. Anion-exchange membranes with polycationic alkyl side chains attached via spacer units[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2016,4(43):17138-17153.
[4]Meek K M,Nykaza J R,Elabd Y A.Alkaline chemical stability and ion transport in polymerized ionic liquids with various backbones and cations[J].Macromolecules,2016,49(9):3382-3394.
[5]刘玲玲,丁蕾,徐莉,等.化学交联聚乙烯醇改性纤维素碱性阴离子交换复合膜的制备与性能[J].物理化学学报,2011,27(11):2665-2670.
[6]Mohapatra P K,Lakshmi D S,Bhattacharyya A,et al.Evaluation of polymer inclusion membranes containing crown ethers for selective cesium separation from nuclear waste solution[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,169(1-3):472-479.
[7]Chen Y,Li Z,Chen N,et al. Preparation and characterization of cross-linked polyphosphazene-crown ether membranes for alkaline fuel cells[J].Electrochimica Acta,2017,258(20):311-321.
[8]王世伟,高保娇.二苯并-18-冠-6在交联聚乙烯醇微球表面的固载化[J].功能高分子学报,2009,22(4):343-348.
[9]吴洪,王宇新,王世昌.聚乙烯醇膜的阻醇及导电性能(Ⅱ)戊二醛交联聚乙烯醇膜[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2003,19(5):131-133.
[10]伍艳辉,张海峰,谭惠芬,等.季铵化壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇阴离子交换膜的性能[J].膜科学与技术,2011,31(1):41-46.
[11]Wang Y,Wan H,Wang J,et al.Hydroxide ion highway constructed by orderly aligned quaternary ammonium groups in anion exchange membranes[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2017,164(12):F1051-F1062.
[12]刘乾,杨玉雪,张守海,等.含联苯和砜基结构全氟环丁基共聚芳醚的合成与表征[J].高分子学报,2017,(5):581-587.
[13]李团乐,裴洪昌,袁威津,等.苯并15-冠-5接枝聚乙烯醇制备优化及其锂同位素分离效应研究[J].高分子学报,2015,(7):792-799.
[14]Khan M I,Mondal A N,Emmanuel K,et al.Preparation of pyrrolidinium-based anion exchange membranes for acid recovery diffusion dialysis[J].Separation Science&Technology,2016,(11):1881-1890.
[15]崔珺,陈力豪,谭文,等.聚乙烯醇/[Nbmd]OH碱性复合阴离子膜的制备及性能[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2017,33(3):42-47.
[16]Liu H,Wang S L,Jiang L H,et al.The stability of poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoropropyl vinyl ether)based anion exchange membranes used for alkaline fuel cell[J]. Scientia Sinica(Chimica),2011,41(12):1857-1863.
[17]郝建文,戴晨伟,吴亮.聚乙烯醇膜的交联改性与应用研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2017,(1):41-43.
[18]Li N,Guiver M D.Ion transport by nanochannels in ion-containing aromatic copolymers[J].Macromol,2014,47(7):2175-2198.
[19]周稚仙,石雅琳,杜晨霞,等.5,11,17,23-四叔丁基-25,26,27,28-四[3-(甲氧基羰基)苄氧基]杯[4]芳烃包合性能的研究[J].高等学校化学学报,2002,23(12):2281-2283.
[20]亢婷婷,潘雪婷,高琪,等.复合型季铵化聚醚砜碱性聚合物电解质膜的制备及性能[J].高分子学报,2017,(6):974-981.
[21]郭东杰,李亚珂,刘瑞,等.聚合物离子交换膜的电导率优化及电致响应研究?[J].功能材料,2015,46(22):22103-22107.
[22]史继富,黄启章,沈成家,等.聚乙烯醇缩醛基准固态电解质及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用[J].高分子学报,2016,(12):1735-1742.