聚乙烯蜡和硬脂酸钙对PVC的润滑作用:金属润滑特性与机理
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摘要
通过转矩流变仪测试了临界脱模用量,研究了聚乙烯蜡A-C 617A和硬脂酸钙(Ca St2)作为PVC润滑剂的金属润滑特性,结果表明:两者均为有效的金属润滑剂,单独使用时,后者明显比前者更有效,协同使用时,具有明显的协同效应。协同作用的金属润滑作用机理为:单独使用时,两者均可铺展润湿金属表面,形成润滑层,阻碍PVC熔体与金属表面直接接触,Ca St2以极性头向内而非极性尾向外的方式润湿金属表面;合并使用时,A-C 617A蜡分子可插入Ca St2润滑层的非极性尾-非极性尾界面和Ca St2润滑层极性尾-PVC熔体界面形成滑移层,而Ca St2能溶解于AC 617A,并吸附于A-C 617A-金属界面和A-C 617A-PVC熔体界面,提高了稳定性,润滑层阻碍了PVC熔体与金属表面的直接接触润滑效果得到明显增强。
The metal lubrication of polyethylene wax A-C 617 A and calcium stearate( Ca St2) as polyvinyl chloride(PVC) lubricants were investigated by testing the critical use levels for metal release using a torque rheometer. The results indicated that these two lubricants were both the effective metal lubricants,although the former was significantly less effective than the latter; there was a significant synergistic effect when they were combined. The metal lubrication mechanisms of A-C617 A and Ca St2 could be deduced as follows. When they were used alone,both could spread over and wet the metal surface to form a lubricating layer to prevent the PVC melt and metal surface from contacting directly,and Ca St2 wetted the metal surface with the polar heads inward and non-polar tails outward. When they were combined,on the one hand,the molecules of A-C 617 A could be inserted into the non-polar tail interfaces of Ca St2 lubricating layers and the interfaces between Ca St2 lubricating layer's non-polar tail and PVC melt to form slip layers,on the other hand,Ca St2 could be dissolved in A-C617 A and adsorbed on A-C 617 A-metal interfaces and A-C 617 A-PVC melt interfaces to make the stability improved.As a result,the effect of the lubricant layers on preventing the PVC melt and metal surface from contacting directly was enhanced.
The metal lubrication of polyethylene wax A-C 617 A and calcium stearate( Ca St2) as polyvinyl chloride(PVC) lubricants were investigated by testing the critical use levels for metal release using a torque rheometer. The results indicated that these two lubricants were both the effective metal lubricants,although the former was significantly less effective than the latter; there was a significant synergistic effect when they were combined. The metal lubrication mechanisms of A-C617 A and Ca St2 could be deduced as follows. When they were used alone,both could spread over and wet the metal surface to form a lubricating layer to prevent the PVC melt and metal surface from contacting directly,and Ca St2 wetted the metal surface with the polar heads inward and non-polar tails outward. When they were combined,on the one hand,the molecules of A-C 617 A could be inserted into the non-polar tail interfaces of Ca St2 lubricating layers and the interfaces between Ca St2 lubricating layer's non-polar tail and PVC melt to form slip layers,on the other hand,Ca St2 could be dissolved in A-C617 A and adsorbed on A-C 617 A-metal interfaces and A-C 617 A-PVC melt interfaces to make the stability improved.As a result,the effect of the lubricant layers on preventing the PVC melt and metal surface from contacting directly was enhanced.
引文
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[9]广东工业大学.一种测试评价聚氯乙烯润滑剂金属润滑性能的方法[P].中国:CN105372155A[P]. 2016-03-02.
[10]吴茂英,胡朔,汪立君. PVC润滑剂金属润滑性能的转矩流变仪评价方法[J].塑料,2017,46(5):121-123.
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[12] RABINOVITCH E B,LACATUS E,SUMMERS J W. The lubrication mechanism of calcium stearate/paraffin wax systems in PVC compounds[J]. Journal of Vinyl Technology,1984,6(3):98-103.
[13]吴茂英,胡朔,汪立君.聚乙烯蜡和硬脂酸钙对聚氯乙烯的润滑作用:树脂润滑特性与机理[J].中国塑料,2018,32(1):114-119.
[14]宋昭峥,王军,蒋庆哲等.表面活性剂:科学与应用[M]. 2版.北京:中国石化出版社,2015:61-130.
[15] SUMMERS J W. Lubrication Mechanism in Poly(vinyl Chloride)Compounds:Understanding Three Distinct Roles of Lubricants[C]//Society of Plastics Engineers. Annual Technical Conference.Connecticut:Society of Plastics Engineers,2006:5,2882-2886.
[2] BRAUN D. Poly(vinyl chloride)on the way from the 19th century to the 21st century[J]. Journal of Polymer Science,Part A:Polymer Chemistry,2004,42(3):578-586.
[3] ERTL J,EIBEN A,PRSSDORF W,et al. Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)[J]. Kunststoffe International,2010(10):45-48.
[4] LEADBITTER J. PVC and sustainability[J]. Progress in Polymer Science,2002,27(10):2197-2226.
[5] SUMMERS J W. A review of vinyl technology[J]. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology,1997,3(2):130-139.
[6] GROSSMAN R F. Handbook of vinyl formulating[M]. 2nd ed..Hoboken:Wiley,2008:327-349.
[7]山西省化工研究所.塑料橡胶加工助剂[M]. 2版.北京:化学工业出版社,2002:467-481.
[8]吴茂英. PVC润滑剂及其应用—原理与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2016:42-71.
[9]广东工业大学.一种测试评价聚氯乙烯润滑剂金属润滑性能的方法[P].中国:CN105372155A[P]. 2016-03-02.
[10]吴茂英,胡朔,汪立君. PVC润滑剂金属润滑性能的转矩流变仪评价方法[J].塑料,2017,46(5):121-123.
[11] Honeywell International Inc. Honeywell Lubricant Solutions for Rigid PVC Processing[EB/OL]. 2018-10-07. https://www.additiveschemicals-honeywell. com/performance-additives/? s=Lubricant&post_type=resources
[12] RABINOVITCH E B,LACATUS E,SUMMERS J W. The lubrication mechanism of calcium stearate/paraffin wax systems in PVC compounds[J]. Journal of Vinyl Technology,1984,6(3):98-103.
[13]吴茂英,胡朔,汪立君.聚乙烯蜡和硬脂酸钙对聚氯乙烯的润滑作用:树脂润滑特性与机理[J].中国塑料,2018,32(1):114-119.
[14]宋昭峥,王军,蒋庆哲等.表面活性剂:科学与应用[M]. 2版.北京:中国石化出版社,2015:61-130.
[15] SUMMERS J W. Lubrication Mechanism in Poly(vinyl Chloride)Compounds:Understanding Three Distinct Roles of Lubricants[C]//Society of Plastics Engineers. Annual Technical Conference.Connecticut:Society of Plastics Engineers,2006:5,2882-2886.