煤中稀土元素分布特征及其开发利用前景
|
摘要
我国是稀土资源大国和生产大国,供应着世界上90%以上的稀土消费市场,传统稀土资源虽然丰富,但是储量也在日益减少,寻找更多的稀土矿产资源将具有重要的战略意义。国内外煤地质学家以稀土富集煤层为主线,对煤层、夹矸和顶底板进行系统采样,通过煤工业分析、电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析、仪器中子活化分析法(INAA)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析、扫描电镜—能谱(SEM-EDX)、反光显微镜等测试方法和手段,开展煤中稀土元素含量和聚集规律研究。本文对世界各地煤中稀土元素含量、分布特征、赋存状态、影响因素及相关问题进行调研。结果表明,煤中稀土研究主要环绕已发现的稀土异常富集煤层资源利用和工业开发、煤灰中再次富集稀土元素的能力、煤层夹矸及顶底板与煤层中稀土元素的富集能力对比,以及煤型稀土矿床成因机制等几类问题。煤中稀土既不会以纯稀土金属元素存在,也不会以单元素独立存在。因为稀土资源短缺,国际上许多国家正在加强研究,试图寻找到新的获取稀土的新途径。美国在2012年启动了一项从煤及其燃烧产物中提取稀土的重大研究项目,并且已经取得了一些重要进展,值得我们密切关注。我国煤资源丰富,煤种多样,一些地区煤层中含有丰富的稀土元素和其他伴生有益元素,需要我们加强理论研究,并进一步对其勘探和开发利用进行评价。如果取得突破,将极大提升我国稀土资源量水平,增加煤炭利用价值,强化我国稀土大国地位。由此可见,煤及其燃烧产物中稀土元素的研究具有重大战略意义和经济潜在意义,对我国煤地质学和煤中元素地球化学学科也将起到促进作用。目前寻找到更多富稀土元素的煤层并确定其资源规模是首要任务,开展从煤中提取稀土元素技术是今后开发利用的关键。
China is a large country and a major producer of rare earth resources,supplying more than 90% of theworld's rare earth consumption market.Although the traditional rare earth resources are abundant,the reserves are decreasing as well.Thus the exploration of more rare earth mineral resources will be of strategic importance.At present,due to the shortage of rare earth resources,many countries in the world are strengthening research and trying to find new ways to acquire rare earth.The United States in 2012 launched a major research project to extract rare earth from coal and its combustion products,and has made some important progresses,which deserves our close attention. China has abundant coal resources and diverse coal types.In some areas,coal seams are rich in rare earth elements and other associated beneficial elements.The theoretical research and further evaluation are needed for its exploration and development.If a breakthrough is made,it will greatly improve the level of rare earth resources in China and increase the value of coal utilization,which strengthens the status of China's rare earth powers.It can be seen that the research of rare earth elements in coal and its combustion products has great strategic significance and economic potential,and will also promote the coal geology and elemental geochemistry in coal.At present,the research horizon is concentrating on the rare earth enriched coal seam,systematically sampling the coal seam,the partings and roof and floor.Through coal industry analysis,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) analysis,instrument neutron activation analysis(INAA),X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis,scanning electron microscopy-energy spectroscopy(SEM-EDX),reflective microscope and other test methods,the content and aggregation of rare earth elements in coal were investigated.The research on rare earth elements in coals in China mainly focuses on the problems of rare earth enriched coal seam resource utilization and industrial development,the ability to re-enrich rare earth elements in coal ash,the comparison of the enrichment ability of rare earth elements in coal seams,roof and floor and dirt band,and the genetic mechanism of coal-type rare earth deposits.
China is a large country and a major producer of rare earth resources,supplying more than 90% of theworld's rare earth consumption market.Although the traditional rare earth resources are abundant,the reserves are decreasing as well.Thus the exploration of more rare earth mineral resources will be of strategic importance.At present,due to the shortage of rare earth resources,many countries in the world are strengthening research and trying to find new ways to acquire rare earth.The United States in 2012 launched a major research project to extract rare earth from coal and its combustion products,and has made some important progresses,which deserves our close attention. China has abundant coal resources and diverse coal types.In some areas,coal seams are rich in rare earth elements and other associated beneficial elements.The theoretical research and further evaluation are needed for its exploration and development.If a breakthrough is made,it will greatly improve the level of rare earth resources in China and increase the value of coal utilization,which strengthens the status of China's rare earth powers.It can be seen that the research of rare earth elements in coal and its combustion products has great strategic significance and economic potential,and will also promote the coal geology and elemental geochemistry in coal.At present,the research horizon is concentrating on the rare earth enriched coal seam,systematically sampling the coal seam,the partings and roof and floor.Through coal industry analysis,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) analysis,instrument neutron activation analysis(INAA),X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis,scanning electron microscopy-energy spectroscopy(SEM-EDX),reflective microscope and other test methods,the content and aggregation of rare earth elements in coal were investigated.The research on rare earth elements in coals in China mainly focuses on the problems of rare earth enriched coal seam resource utilization and industrial development,the ability to re-enrich rare earth elements in coal ash,the comparison of the enrichment ability of rare earth elements in coal seams,roof and floor and dirt band,and the genetic mechanism of coal-type rare earth deposits.
引文
[1] BIRK D,WHITE J C.Rare earth elements in bituminous coals and under-clays of the Sydney Basin,Nova Scotia:Element sites,distribution,mineralogy[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1991,19:219-255.
[2] COLIN R W. Analysis and significance of mineral matter in coal seams[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2002,50(S1-4):135-168.
[3] DAI S F,REN D Y,CHOU C L,et al.Geochemistry of trace elements in Chinese coals:A review of abundances,genetic types,impacts on human health and industrial utilization[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,94:3-21.
[4]唐修义,黄文辉,赵继尧.中国煤中的微量元素[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004.
[5]刘池阳.多种能源矿产共存成藏矿机理与富集分布规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(2):155-156.LIU Chiyang.Metallogenic mechanism and enrichment and distribution law of coexistence of multi-energy minerals[J]. China Science and Technology Achievements,2006,27(2):155-156.
[6] DAI S F,JIANG Y F,WARD C R,et al.Mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the coal in the Guanbanwusu Mine,Inner Mongolia,China:Further evidence for the existence of an Al(Ga and REE)ore deposit in the Jungar Coalfield[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,98(5):10-40.
[7] DAI S F,WANG X B,SEREDIN V V,et al.Petrology,mineralogy,and geochemistry of the Ge-rich coal from the Wulantuga Ge deposit,Inner Mongolia,China[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,90/91:72-99.
[8]刘文中,陈萍.淮南煤及其燃烧产物中稀土元素丰度的比较[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(6):814-818.LIU Wenzhong,CHEN Ping.Comparation on abundance of rare earth elements in Huainan coals and their combustion products[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(6):814-818.
[9] HOWER J C,SENIOR C L,SUUBERY E M,et al.Mercury capture by native fly ash carbons in coal-fired power plants[J].Progress in Energy Combustion Science,2010,36,510-529.
[10] HOWER J C,EVAN G,DAVID M,et al.Notes on contributions to the science of rare earth element enrichment in coal and coal combustion byproducts[J].Minerals,2016,6(2):32.
[11] FINKELMAN R B.Modes of occurrence of potentially hazardous elements in coal:Levels of confidence[J].Fuel Processing Technology,1994,39(94):21-34.
[12] LIN R,BANK T L,ROTH E A,et al.Organic and inorganic associations of rare earth elements in central Appalachian coal[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2017,179:295-301.
[13]王双明.鄂尔多斯盆地聚煤规律及煤炭资源评价[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996.
[14]代世峰,任德贻,李生盛.华北若干晚古生代煤中稀土元素赋存特征[J].地球学报,2003,24(3):273-278.DAI Shifeng,REN Deyi,LI Shengsheng,Modes of occurrence of rare earth elements in some Late Paleozoic coals of North China[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2003,24(3):273-278.
[15]赵志根,冯士安,唐修义.微山湖地区石炭─二叠纪煤的稀土元素沉积地球化学[J].地质地球化学,1998,26(4):64-67.ZHAO Zhigen,FENG Shian,TANG Xiuyi. Ree Sedimentary geochemistry of Permo-Carboniferous coals in Weishanhu Area[J].Geology-Geochemistry,1998,26(4):64-67.
[16]杜美霞,庄新国.华南地区晚二叠和晚三叠世煤中稀土元素特征研究[J].中国煤炭地质,2006,18(2):22-26.DU Meixia,ZHUANG Xinguo. A characteristic study of rare-earth elements in Southern China Late Permian and Late Triassic coals[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(2):22-26.
[17] SEREDIN V V.Rare earth element-bearing coals from the Russian Far East deposits[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1996,30:101-129.
[18] RUSSELL L B,SELBY P B,HALLE E V,et al.Use of the mouse spot test in chemical mutagenesis:Interpretation of past data and recommendations for future work[J]. Mutation Research/reviews in Genetic Toxicology,1981,86(3):355-379.
[19] FINKELMAN R B. Trace and minor elements in coal[A]. ENGEL M H,MACKO S A.Organic geochemistry[C].New York:Plenum Press,1993:593-607.
[20] REN D Y,ZHAO F H,WANG Y Q,et al.Distributions of minor and trace elements in Chinese coals[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1999,40(3-4):109-118.
[21] KETRIS M P,YUDOVICH Y E.Estimations of Clarkes for carbonaceous biolithes:World average for trace element contents in black shales and coals[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2009,78:135-148.
[22] TAYLOR S R,MCLENNAN S M. The geochemical evolution of the continental crust[J]. Reviews of Geophysics,1995,33(2):241-250.
[23] DAI S F,LUO Y B,SEREDIN V V,et al.Revisiting the late Permian coal from the Huayingshan,Sichuan,southwestern China:Enrichment and occurrence modes of minerals and trace elements[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,122(1):110-128.
[24] SEREDIN V V,DAI S F. Coal deposits as potential alternative sources for lanthanides and yttrium[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,94:67-93.
[25] SEREDIN V V,DAI S F,CHKRYZHOV I.Rare metal mineralization in tuffaceous strata of the Russian and Chinese coal basin[A].Diagnostics of Volcanogenic Rocks in Sedimentary Strata[C]. Syktyvkar:Geoprint,2012:165-167.
[26] SEREDIN V V. About new type REE mineralization of Cenozoic coal~bearing basins[J]. Dokl. Akad. Nuak. USSR,1991,320(5):1446-1450.
[27] DAI S F,REN D Y,LI S S,et al. Mineralogy and geochemistry of the No.6 coal(Pennsylvanian)in the Junger coalfield,Ordos basin,China[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2006,66:253-270.
[28]刘胜军,刘文中,张帅.岩浆侵入对袁店二井煤矿72煤中稀土元素的影响[J].煤炭工程,2014,46(5):119-122.LIU Shengjun,LIU Wenzhong,ZHANG Shuai. Magma intrusion affected to rare earth elements in No.72 seam of Yuandian No.2 Mine[J].Coal Engineering,2014,46(5):119-122.
[29]秦勇,王文峰,宋党育,等.山西平朔矿区上石炭统太原组11号煤层沉积地球化学特征及成煤微环境[J].古地理学报,2005,7(2):249-260.QIN Yong,WANG Wenfeng,SONG Dangyu,et al. Geochemistry characteristics and sedimentary micro-environments of No.11 coal seam of the Taiyuan Formation of Upper Carboniferous in Pingshuo Mining District,Shanxi Province[J].Journal of PALAeogeography,2005,7(2):249-260.
[30]姜尧发,王西勃,赵蕾.大屯矿区太原组煤中稀土元素的赋存特征[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(1):73-75.JIANG Yaofa,WANG Xibo,ZHAO Lei,Distribution characteristics of rare-earth element in coal of Taiyuan Group in Datun Mining Area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2006,34(1):73-75.
[31] WANG X. Geochemistry of Late Triassic coals in the Changhe Mine,Sichuan Basin,southwestern China:Evidence for authigenic lanthanide enrichment[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2009,80(3-4):167-174.
[32]孙玉壮.煤中某些伴生金属元素的综合利用指标探讨[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):744-748.SUN Yuzhuang. Minimum mining grade of the selected trace elements in Chinese coal[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):744-748.
[33] SUN Y Z,WANG J X,LI S F,et al,2005,Mechanism of Uranium accumulation in the Kupferschiefer from Poland and Germany[J].Energy Exploration and Exploitation,2005,23(6):463-473.
[34]代世峰,周义平,任德贻,等.重庆松藻矿区晚二叠世煤的地球化学和矿物学特征及其成因[J].中国科学:地球科学,2007,37(3):353-362.DAI Shifeng,ZHOU Yiping,REN Deyi,et al. Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics and genesis of Late Permian coal in Songzao Mining Area,Chongqing[J]. Scientia Sinica Terrae,2007,37(3):353-362.
[35] ZHAO L,Ward C R,French D,et al.Mineralogical composition of late permian coal seams in the songzao coalfield,southwestern china[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2013,116-117(9):208-226.
[36] BOUSKA,VLADIMIR. Geochemistry of coal[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Pubulishing,1981:79-81.
[37]吴传荣.煤的岩浆热变质作用[J].煤田地质与勘探,1992(4):24-30.WU Chuanrong. Magmatic thermo-metamorohism of coal[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,1992(4):24-30.
[38] SEREDIN V V.Rare earth element-bearing coals from the Russian Far East deposits[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1996,30(1-2):101-129.
[39] ESKENAZY G M. Aspects of the geochemistry of rare earth elements in coal:An experimental approach[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1999,38(3-4):285-295.
[40]赵志根,唐修义,杨起,等.哈密、淮北煤变质程度与稀土元素的关系研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2001,30(2):165-169.ZHAO Zhigen,TANG Xiuyi,YANG Qi,et al.Research on relationship between ranks of coal and geochemical features of REE in hami and huaibei coal[J]. Journal of China University Mining&Technology,2001,30(2):165-169.
[41]代世峰,任德贻,邵龙义,等.黔西晚二叠世煤地球化学性质变异及特殊组构的火山灰成因[J].地球化学,2003,32(3):239-247.DAI Shifeng,REN Deyi,SHAO Longyi,et al.Variation of coal geochemistry and special textures of Late Permian coals in the western Guizhou Province and their volcanic origin[J]. Geochimica,2003,32(3):239-247.
[42] LI Dahua,TANG Yuegang,CHEN Kun,et al.Concentration,distribution,and occurrence of REEs in coal from Chongqing,southwest China[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2005,15(3):227-233.
[43]郑刘根,刘桂建,张浩原,等.淮北煤田二叠纪煤中稀土元素地球化学研究[J].高校地质学报,2006,12(1):41-52.ZHENG Liugen,LIU Guijian,ZHANG Haoyuan,et al.Study on Geochemistry of rare earth elements(REEs)in Permian coal from Huaibei coalfield[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities,2006,12(1):41-52.
[44]邹建华,刘东,田和明,等.内蒙古阿刀亥矿晚古生代煤的微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(6):1012-1018.ZOU Jianhua,LIU Dong,TIAN Heming,et al.Geochemistry of trace and rare earth elements in the Late Paleozoic Coal from Adaohai Mine,Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(6):1012-1018.
[45]刘东娜,周安朝,常泽光.大同煤田8号原煤及风化煤中常量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):422-430.LIU Dongna,ZHOU Anchao,CHANG Zeguang. Geochemistry characteristics of major and rare earth elements in No.8 raw and weathered coal from Taiyuan Formation of Datong coalfield[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):422-430.
[46]闫德宇.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上古生界煤中稀土元素地球化学特征[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2016:74-83.YAN Deyu. Geochemistry characteristics of rare earth elements in the Upper Paleozoic Coal of Eastern Ordos Basin[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2016:74-83.
[47] HUANG W H,YANG Q,TANG D,et al.Rare Earth element Geochemistry of Late Palaeozoic Coals in North China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2002,73(1):74-83.
[48]黄文辉,杨起,汤达祯,等.华北晚古生代煤的稀土元素地球化学特征[J].地质学报,1999,73(4):360-369.HUANG Wenhui,YANG Qi,TANG Dazhen,et al. Geochemistry of rare elements in late Paleozoic coals in the north China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,1999,73(4):360-369.
[49]代世峰,任德贻,周义平,等.煤中微量元素和矿物富集的同沉积火山灰与海底喷流复合成因[J].科学通报,2008,24:3120-3126.DAI Shifeng,REN Deyi,ZHOU Yiping,et al. Synthetic genesis of co-deposited volcanic ash and submarine jets enriched by trace elements and minerals in coal[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,24:3120-3126.
[50]孙玉壮,赵存良,李彦恒,等.煤中某些伴生金属元素的综合利用指标探讨[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):744-748SUN Yuzhuang,ZHAO CunLiang,LI Yanheng,et al.Minimum mining grade of the selected trace elements in Chinese coal[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,39(4):744-748.
[51]崔晓南.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤的地球化学特征[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2017:56-81.CUI Xiaonan.Geochemistry characteristics of coal of eastern Ordos Basin[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2017:56-81.
[52] SUN Y Z.Petrologic and geochemical characteristics of“barkinite”from the Dahe Mine,Guizhou Province,China[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2003,56:269-276.
[53]杨建业.煤可溶烃中一种特殊的稀土元素地球化学现象——以渭北中熟煤为例[J].燃料化学学报,2009,37(5):527-532.YANG Jianye. Special appearance of REE geochemistry of soluble hydrocarbon in coal-An example of a middle rank coal from Weibei[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2009,37(5):527-532.
[54]代世峰,任德贻,李生盛.煤及顶板中稀土元素赋存状态及逐级化学提取[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(5):349-353.DAI Shifeng,REN Deyi,LI Shengsheng. Occurrence and sequential chemical extraction of rare earth element in coals and seam roofs[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2002,31(5):349-353.
[2] COLIN R W. Analysis and significance of mineral matter in coal seams[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2002,50(S1-4):135-168.
[3] DAI S F,REN D Y,CHOU C L,et al.Geochemistry of trace elements in Chinese coals:A review of abundances,genetic types,impacts on human health and industrial utilization[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,94:3-21.
[4]唐修义,黄文辉,赵继尧.中国煤中的微量元素[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004.
[5]刘池阳.多种能源矿产共存成藏矿机理与富集分布规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(2):155-156.LIU Chiyang.Metallogenic mechanism and enrichment and distribution law of coexistence of multi-energy minerals[J]. China Science and Technology Achievements,2006,27(2):155-156.
[6] DAI S F,JIANG Y F,WARD C R,et al.Mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the coal in the Guanbanwusu Mine,Inner Mongolia,China:Further evidence for the existence of an Al(Ga and REE)ore deposit in the Jungar Coalfield[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,98(5):10-40.
[7] DAI S F,WANG X B,SEREDIN V V,et al.Petrology,mineralogy,and geochemistry of the Ge-rich coal from the Wulantuga Ge deposit,Inner Mongolia,China[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,90/91:72-99.
[8]刘文中,陈萍.淮南煤及其燃烧产物中稀土元素丰度的比较[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(6):814-818.LIU Wenzhong,CHEN Ping.Comparation on abundance of rare earth elements in Huainan coals and their combustion products[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(6):814-818.
[9] HOWER J C,SENIOR C L,SUUBERY E M,et al.Mercury capture by native fly ash carbons in coal-fired power plants[J].Progress in Energy Combustion Science,2010,36,510-529.
[10] HOWER J C,EVAN G,DAVID M,et al.Notes on contributions to the science of rare earth element enrichment in coal and coal combustion byproducts[J].Minerals,2016,6(2):32.
[11] FINKELMAN R B.Modes of occurrence of potentially hazardous elements in coal:Levels of confidence[J].Fuel Processing Technology,1994,39(94):21-34.
[12] LIN R,BANK T L,ROTH E A,et al.Organic and inorganic associations of rare earth elements in central Appalachian coal[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2017,179:295-301.
[13]王双明.鄂尔多斯盆地聚煤规律及煤炭资源评价[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996.
[14]代世峰,任德贻,李生盛.华北若干晚古生代煤中稀土元素赋存特征[J].地球学报,2003,24(3):273-278.DAI Shifeng,REN Deyi,LI Shengsheng,Modes of occurrence of rare earth elements in some Late Paleozoic coals of North China[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2003,24(3):273-278.
[15]赵志根,冯士安,唐修义.微山湖地区石炭─二叠纪煤的稀土元素沉积地球化学[J].地质地球化学,1998,26(4):64-67.ZHAO Zhigen,FENG Shian,TANG Xiuyi. Ree Sedimentary geochemistry of Permo-Carboniferous coals in Weishanhu Area[J].Geology-Geochemistry,1998,26(4):64-67.
[16]杜美霞,庄新国.华南地区晚二叠和晚三叠世煤中稀土元素特征研究[J].中国煤炭地质,2006,18(2):22-26.DU Meixia,ZHUANG Xinguo. A characteristic study of rare-earth elements in Southern China Late Permian and Late Triassic coals[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(2):22-26.
[17] SEREDIN V V.Rare earth element-bearing coals from the Russian Far East deposits[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1996,30:101-129.
[18] RUSSELL L B,SELBY P B,HALLE E V,et al.Use of the mouse spot test in chemical mutagenesis:Interpretation of past data and recommendations for future work[J]. Mutation Research/reviews in Genetic Toxicology,1981,86(3):355-379.
[19] FINKELMAN R B. Trace and minor elements in coal[A]. ENGEL M H,MACKO S A.Organic geochemistry[C].New York:Plenum Press,1993:593-607.
[20] REN D Y,ZHAO F H,WANG Y Q,et al.Distributions of minor and trace elements in Chinese coals[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1999,40(3-4):109-118.
[21] KETRIS M P,YUDOVICH Y E.Estimations of Clarkes for carbonaceous biolithes:World average for trace element contents in black shales and coals[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2009,78:135-148.
[22] TAYLOR S R,MCLENNAN S M. The geochemical evolution of the continental crust[J]. Reviews of Geophysics,1995,33(2):241-250.
[23] DAI S F,LUO Y B,SEREDIN V V,et al.Revisiting the late Permian coal from the Huayingshan,Sichuan,southwestern China:Enrichment and occurrence modes of minerals and trace elements[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,122(1):110-128.
[24] SEREDIN V V,DAI S F. Coal deposits as potential alternative sources for lanthanides and yttrium[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,94:67-93.
[25] SEREDIN V V,DAI S F,CHKRYZHOV I.Rare metal mineralization in tuffaceous strata of the Russian and Chinese coal basin[A].Diagnostics of Volcanogenic Rocks in Sedimentary Strata[C]. Syktyvkar:Geoprint,2012:165-167.
[26] SEREDIN V V. About new type REE mineralization of Cenozoic coal~bearing basins[J]. Dokl. Akad. Nuak. USSR,1991,320(5):1446-1450.
[27] DAI S F,REN D Y,LI S S,et al. Mineralogy and geochemistry of the No.6 coal(Pennsylvanian)in the Junger coalfield,Ordos basin,China[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2006,66:253-270.
[28]刘胜军,刘文中,张帅.岩浆侵入对袁店二井煤矿72煤中稀土元素的影响[J].煤炭工程,2014,46(5):119-122.LIU Shengjun,LIU Wenzhong,ZHANG Shuai. Magma intrusion affected to rare earth elements in No.72 seam of Yuandian No.2 Mine[J].Coal Engineering,2014,46(5):119-122.
[29]秦勇,王文峰,宋党育,等.山西平朔矿区上石炭统太原组11号煤层沉积地球化学特征及成煤微环境[J].古地理学报,2005,7(2):249-260.QIN Yong,WANG Wenfeng,SONG Dangyu,et al. Geochemistry characteristics and sedimentary micro-environments of No.11 coal seam of the Taiyuan Formation of Upper Carboniferous in Pingshuo Mining District,Shanxi Province[J].Journal of PALAeogeography,2005,7(2):249-260.
[30]姜尧发,王西勃,赵蕾.大屯矿区太原组煤中稀土元素的赋存特征[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(1):73-75.JIANG Yaofa,WANG Xibo,ZHAO Lei,Distribution characteristics of rare-earth element in coal of Taiyuan Group in Datun Mining Area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2006,34(1):73-75.
[31] WANG X. Geochemistry of Late Triassic coals in the Changhe Mine,Sichuan Basin,southwestern China:Evidence for authigenic lanthanide enrichment[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2009,80(3-4):167-174.
[32]孙玉壮.煤中某些伴生金属元素的综合利用指标探讨[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):744-748.SUN Yuzhuang. Minimum mining grade of the selected trace elements in Chinese coal[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):744-748.
[33] SUN Y Z,WANG J X,LI S F,et al,2005,Mechanism of Uranium accumulation in the Kupferschiefer from Poland and Germany[J].Energy Exploration and Exploitation,2005,23(6):463-473.
[34]代世峰,周义平,任德贻,等.重庆松藻矿区晚二叠世煤的地球化学和矿物学特征及其成因[J].中国科学:地球科学,2007,37(3):353-362.DAI Shifeng,ZHOU Yiping,REN Deyi,et al. Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics and genesis of Late Permian coal in Songzao Mining Area,Chongqing[J]. Scientia Sinica Terrae,2007,37(3):353-362.
[35] ZHAO L,Ward C R,French D,et al.Mineralogical composition of late permian coal seams in the songzao coalfield,southwestern china[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2013,116-117(9):208-226.
[36] BOUSKA,VLADIMIR. Geochemistry of coal[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Pubulishing,1981:79-81.
[37]吴传荣.煤的岩浆热变质作用[J].煤田地质与勘探,1992(4):24-30.WU Chuanrong. Magmatic thermo-metamorohism of coal[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,1992(4):24-30.
[38] SEREDIN V V.Rare earth element-bearing coals from the Russian Far East deposits[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1996,30(1-2):101-129.
[39] ESKENAZY G M. Aspects of the geochemistry of rare earth elements in coal:An experimental approach[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,1999,38(3-4):285-295.
[40]赵志根,唐修义,杨起,等.哈密、淮北煤变质程度与稀土元素的关系研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2001,30(2):165-169.ZHAO Zhigen,TANG Xiuyi,YANG Qi,et al.Research on relationship between ranks of coal and geochemical features of REE in hami and huaibei coal[J]. Journal of China University Mining&Technology,2001,30(2):165-169.
[41]代世峰,任德贻,邵龙义,等.黔西晚二叠世煤地球化学性质变异及特殊组构的火山灰成因[J].地球化学,2003,32(3):239-247.DAI Shifeng,REN Deyi,SHAO Longyi,et al.Variation of coal geochemistry and special textures of Late Permian coals in the western Guizhou Province and their volcanic origin[J]. Geochimica,2003,32(3):239-247.
[42] LI Dahua,TANG Yuegang,CHEN Kun,et al.Concentration,distribution,and occurrence of REEs in coal from Chongqing,southwest China[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2005,15(3):227-233.
[43]郑刘根,刘桂建,张浩原,等.淮北煤田二叠纪煤中稀土元素地球化学研究[J].高校地质学报,2006,12(1):41-52.ZHENG Liugen,LIU Guijian,ZHANG Haoyuan,et al.Study on Geochemistry of rare earth elements(REEs)in Permian coal from Huaibei coalfield[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities,2006,12(1):41-52.
[44]邹建华,刘东,田和明,等.内蒙古阿刀亥矿晚古生代煤的微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(6):1012-1018.ZOU Jianhua,LIU Dong,TIAN Heming,et al.Geochemistry of trace and rare earth elements in the Late Paleozoic Coal from Adaohai Mine,Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(6):1012-1018.
[45]刘东娜,周安朝,常泽光.大同煤田8号原煤及风化煤中常量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):422-430.LIU Dongna,ZHOU Anchao,CHANG Zeguang. Geochemistry characteristics of major and rare earth elements in No.8 raw and weathered coal from Taiyuan Formation of Datong coalfield[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):422-430.
[46]闫德宇.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上古生界煤中稀土元素地球化学特征[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2016:74-83.YAN Deyu. Geochemistry characteristics of rare earth elements in the Upper Paleozoic Coal of Eastern Ordos Basin[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2016:74-83.
[47] HUANG W H,YANG Q,TANG D,et al.Rare Earth element Geochemistry of Late Palaeozoic Coals in North China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2002,73(1):74-83.
[48]黄文辉,杨起,汤达祯,等.华北晚古生代煤的稀土元素地球化学特征[J].地质学报,1999,73(4):360-369.HUANG Wenhui,YANG Qi,TANG Dazhen,et al. Geochemistry of rare elements in late Paleozoic coals in the north China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,1999,73(4):360-369.
[49]代世峰,任德贻,周义平,等.煤中微量元素和矿物富集的同沉积火山灰与海底喷流复合成因[J].科学通报,2008,24:3120-3126.DAI Shifeng,REN Deyi,ZHOU Yiping,et al. Synthetic genesis of co-deposited volcanic ash and submarine jets enriched by trace elements and minerals in coal[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,24:3120-3126.
[50]孙玉壮,赵存良,李彦恒,等.煤中某些伴生金属元素的综合利用指标探讨[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):744-748SUN Yuzhuang,ZHAO CunLiang,LI Yanheng,et al.Minimum mining grade of the selected trace elements in Chinese coal[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,39(4):744-748.
[51]崔晓南.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤的地球化学特征[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2017:56-81.CUI Xiaonan.Geochemistry characteristics of coal of eastern Ordos Basin[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2017:56-81.
[52] SUN Y Z.Petrologic and geochemical characteristics of“barkinite”from the Dahe Mine,Guizhou Province,China[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2003,56:269-276.
[53]杨建业.煤可溶烃中一种特殊的稀土元素地球化学现象——以渭北中熟煤为例[J].燃料化学学报,2009,37(5):527-532.YANG Jianye. Special appearance of REE geochemistry of soluble hydrocarbon in coal-An example of a middle rank coal from Weibei[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2009,37(5):527-532.
[54]代世峰,任德贻,李生盛.煤及顶板中稀土元素赋存状态及逐级化学提取[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(5):349-353.DAI Shifeng,REN Deyi,LI Shengsheng. Occurrence and sequential chemical extraction of rare earth element in coals and seam roofs[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2002,31(5):349-353.