肉用绵羊饲粮营养物质消化率和代谢能预测模型的研究
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摘要
本试验旨在建立肉用绵羊饲粮营养物质消化率和代谢能(ME)的预测模型。选用66只体重为(45.0±2.0)kg的体况良好的杜泊×小尾寒羊F1代杂交肉用羯羊,随机分为11个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1只羊。采用随机区组设计,分别测定11种不同粗饲料组成的饲粮的营养物质含量,通过物质代谢试验和气体代谢试验测定这11种饲粮的营养物质消化率、消化能(DE)及ME,在分析饲粮营养物质含量、可消化营养物质、DE和ME的基础上,筛选出最佳估测因子并建立估测方程。结果表明:饲粮干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、总能(GE)消化率与饲粮中CP、GE和OM含量呈显著或极显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05);饲粮NDF消化率与饲粮中DM、OM、CP、GE含量达到显著或极显著负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与NDF含量达到极显著正相关(P<0.01)。利用饲粮中营养物质含量对ME进行估测的最佳方程为ME=-49.593+0.594OM-0.107NDF(R2=0.949,P<0.01)。由此得出,饲粮营养物质消化率、ME与营养物质含量均有较强的相关性,可通过营养物质含量对饲粮的营养物质消化率、ME进行合理估测。
This study aimed to establish the prediction models of dietary nutrient digestibility and metabolizable energy(ME) of mutton sheep.Sixty-six Dorper X thin-tailed Han crossbred F_1 mutton sheep with the body weight of(45.0±2.0) kg were selected and divided into 11 treatments and each treatment had 6 replicates with1 sheep per replicate.According to a randomized block design,the nutrient contents of eleven diets with different roughages were determined,and the nutrient digestibility,digestible energy(DE) and ME of those eleven diets were determined using material metabolism trial and gas metabolism trial.The optimal prediction factors and the prediction equations were screened on the basis of the dietary nutrient contents,digestible nutrients,DE and ME.The results showed that dietary dry matter(DM),organic matter(OM),crude protein(CP) and gross energy(GE) digestibility were significantly positively correlated with dietary CP,GE,and OM contents(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but were significantly negatively correlated with neutral detergent fibre(NDF) content(P<0.05).Dietary NDF digestibility was significantly negatively correlated with dietary DM,OM,GP,and GE contents(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but was significantly positively correlated with NDF content(P<0.01).The optimal prediction equation for ME with dietary nutrient contents was:ME=-49.593+0.594OM-0.107NDF(R=0.949,P<0.01).In conclusion,dietary nutrient digestibility and ME all have a stronger correlation with dietary nutrient contents.By using dietary nutrient contents,the dietary nutrient digestibility and ME can be reasonably predicted.
This study aimed to establish the prediction models of dietary nutrient digestibility and metabolizable energy(ME) of mutton sheep.Sixty-six Dorper X thin-tailed Han crossbred F_1 mutton sheep with the body weight of(45.0±2.0) kg were selected and divided into 11 treatments and each treatment had 6 replicates with1 sheep per replicate.According to a randomized block design,the nutrient contents of eleven diets with different roughages were determined,and the nutrient digestibility,digestible energy(DE) and ME of those eleven diets were determined using material metabolism trial and gas metabolism trial.The optimal prediction factors and the prediction equations were screened on the basis of the dietary nutrient contents,digestible nutrients,DE and ME.The results showed that dietary dry matter(DM),organic matter(OM),crude protein(CP) and gross energy(GE) digestibility were significantly positively correlated with dietary CP,GE,and OM contents(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but were significantly negatively correlated with neutral detergent fibre(NDF) content(P<0.05).Dietary NDF digestibility was significantly negatively correlated with dietary DM,OM,GP,and GE contents(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but was significantly positively correlated with NDF content(P<0.01).The optimal prediction equation for ME with dietary nutrient contents was:ME=-49.593+0.594OM-0.107NDF(R=0.949,P<0.01).In conclusion,dietary nutrient digestibility and ME all have a stronger correlation with dietary nutrient contents.By using dietary nutrient contents,the dietary nutrient digestibility and ME can be reasonably predicted.
引文
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[5]李婷婷.玉米DDGS营养价值预测模型研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
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[8]刘洁,刁其玉,赵一广,等.肉用绵羊饲料养分消化率和有效能预测模型的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2012,43(8):1230-1238.
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[10]赵明明,杨开伦,邓凯东,等.直接法与替代法测定羊草对肉用绵羊代谢能的比较研究[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(2):436-443.
[11]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.
[12]杨嘉实,冯仰廉.畜禽能量代谢[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[13]ADEOLA O.Digestion and balance techniques in pigs[M]//LEWIS A J,SOUTHERN L L.Swine nutrition.2nd ed.Washington,D.C.:CRC Press,2001:903-916.
[14]刘德稳.生长猪常用七种饲料原料净能预测方程[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[15]ADESOGAN A T,OWEN E,GIVENS D I.Prediction of the in vivo digestibility of whole crop wheat from in vitro digestibility,chemical composition,in situ rumen degradability,in vitro gas production and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1998,74(3):259-272.
[16]OWENS F N,SAPIENZA D A,HASSEN A T.Effect of nutrient composition of feeds on digestibility of organic matter by cattle:a review[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(Suppl.13):E151-E169.
[17]NOUSIAINEN J,RINNE M,HELLAMAKI M,et al.Prediction of the digestibility of primary growth and regrowth grass silages from chemical composition,pepsin-cellulase solubility and indigestible cell wall content[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2003,110(1/2/3/4):61-74.
[18]AMMAR H,LOPEZ S,GONZALEZ J S,et al.Seasonal variations in the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some Spanish leguminous shrub species[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,115(3/4):327-340.
[19]冯仰廉,陆治年.奶牛营养需要和饲料成分[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[20]SAMPAIO C B,DETMANN E,FILHO S D C V,et al.Evaluation of models for prediction of the energy value of diets for growing cattle from the chemical composition of feeds[J].Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2012,41(9):2110-2123.
[21]姜芳.反刍动物常用饲料原料的营养价值评定及其变异度分析[D].硕士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2009.
[22]邓卫东,席冬梅,毛华明.云南省反刍家畜主要饲料营养价值评价[J].黄牛杂志,2002,28(1):23-27.
[23]刘洁.肉用绵羊饲料代谢能与代谢蛋白质预测模型的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[24]JUST A,JRGENSEN H,FERNANDEZ J A.Prediction of metabolizable energy for pigs on the basis of crude nutrients in the feeds[J].Livestock Production Science,1984,11(1):105-128.
[25]ZARGHI H,GOLIAN A,KERMANSHAHI H.Relationship of chemical composition and metabolisable energy of triticale for poultry[C].Penicuik:British Society of Animal Science World Poultry Science,2014.
[26]LOSADA B,BLAS C D,GARCIA-REBOLLAR P,et al.Prediction of apparent metabolisable energy content of cereal grains and by-products for poultry from its chemical composition[J].Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research,2015,13(2),doi:10.5424/sjar/2015132-6573.
[27]LOSADA B,GARCIA-REBOLLAR P ALVAREZ C,et al.The prediction of apparent metabolisable energy content of oil seeds and oil seed by-products for poultry from its chemical components,in vitro analysis or nearinfrared reflectance spectroscopy[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,160(1/2):62-72.
[28]DEAVILLE E R,HUMPHRIES D J,GIVENS D I.Whole crop cereals 2.Prediction of apparent digestibility and energy value from in vitro digestion techniques and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy and of chemical composition by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2009,149(1/2):114-124.
[29]KING R H,TAVERNER M R.Prediction of the digestible energy in pig diets from analyses of fibre contents[J].Animal Science,1975,21(3):275-284.
[30]李明元,王康宁.用纤维等饲料成分预测植物性蛋白饲料的猪消化能值[J].西南农业学报,2000,13(增刊):41-50.
[31]孙献忠.羊常用饲草的能量价值评定及其组合效应研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2007.
[32]ALDERMAN G.Energy and protein requirements of ruminants[M].Wallingford:CAB International,1993.
[33]YAN T,AGNEW R E.Prediction of metabolisable energy concentrations from nutrient digestibility and chemical composition in grass silages offered to sheep at maintenance[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,117(3/4):197-213.
[2]MAGALHAES K A,FILHO S C V,DETMANN E,et al.Evaluation of indirect methods to estimate the nutritional value of tropical feeds for ruminants[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,155(1):44-54.
[3]WAN H F,CHEN W,QI Z L,et al.Prediction of true metabolizable energy from chemical composition of wheat milling by-products for ducks[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(1):92-97.
[4]HUANG Q,SHI C X,SU Y B,et al.Prediction of the digestible and metabolizable energy content of wheat milling by-products for growing pigs from chemical composition[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,196:107-116.
[5]李婷婷.玉米DDGS营养价值预测模型研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[6]陶春卫.反刍动物常用粗饲料营养价值评定及其有效能值预测模型的建立[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2009.
[7]何亭漪.不同粗饲料在绵羊瘤胃和体外降解规律的研究及代谢能数学预测模型的建立[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.
[8]刘洁,刁其玉,赵一广,等.肉用绵羊饲料养分消化率和有效能预测模型的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2012,43(8):1230-1238.
[9]NRC.Nutrient requirements of small ruminants:sheep,goats,cervids,and new world camelids[S].Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,2007.
[10]赵明明,杨开伦,邓凯东,等.直接法与替代法测定羊草对肉用绵羊代谢能的比较研究[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(2):436-443.
[11]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.
[12]杨嘉实,冯仰廉.畜禽能量代谢[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[13]ADEOLA O.Digestion and balance techniques in pigs[M]//LEWIS A J,SOUTHERN L L.Swine nutrition.2nd ed.Washington,D.C.:CRC Press,2001:903-916.
[14]刘德稳.生长猪常用七种饲料原料净能预测方程[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[15]ADESOGAN A T,OWEN E,GIVENS D I.Prediction of the in vivo digestibility of whole crop wheat from in vitro digestibility,chemical composition,in situ rumen degradability,in vitro gas production and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1998,74(3):259-272.
[16]OWENS F N,SAPIENZA D A,HASSEN A T.Effect of nutrient composition of feeds on digestibility of organic matter by cattle:a review[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(Suppl.13):E151-E169.
[17]NOUSIAINEN J,RINNE M,HELLAMAKI M,et al.Prediction of the digestibility of primary growth and regrowth grass silages from chemical composition,pepsin-cellulase solubility and indigestible cell wall content[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2003,110(1/2/3/4):61-74.
[18]AMMAR H,LOPEZ S,GONZALEZ J S,et al.Seasonal variations in the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some Spanish leguminous shrub species[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,115(3/4):327-340.
[19]冯仰廉,陆治年.奶牛营养需要和饲料成分[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[20]SAMPAIO C B,DETMANN E,FILHO S D C V,et al.Evaluation of models for prediction of the energy value of diets for growing cattle from the chemical composition of feeds[J].Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2012,41(9):2110-2123.
[21]姜芳.反刍动物常用饲料原料的营养价值评定及其变异度分析[D].硕士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2009.
[22]邓卫东,席冬梅,毛华明.云南省反刍家畜主要饲料营养价值评价[J].黄牛杂志,2002,28(1):23-27.
[23]刘洁.肉用绵羊饲料代谢能与代谢蛋白质预测模型的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[24]JUST A,JRGENSEN H,FERNANDEZ J A.Prediction of metabolizable energy for pigs on the basis of crude nutrients in the feeds[J].Livestock Production Science,1984,11(1):105-128.
[25]ZARGHI H,GOLIAN A,KERMANSHAHI H.Relationship of chemical composition and metabolisable energy of triticale for poultry[C].Penicuik:British Society of Animal Science World Poultry Science,2014.
[26]LOSADA B,BLAS C D,GARCIA-REBOLLAR P,et al.Prediction of apparent metabolisable energy content of cereal grains and by-products for poultry from its chemical composition[J].Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research,2015,13(2),doi:10.5424/sjar/2015132-6573.
[27]LOSADA B,GARCIA-REBOLLAR P ALVAREZ C,et al.The prediction of apparent metabolisable energy content of oil seeds and oil seed by-products for poultry from its chemical components,in vitro analysis or nearinfrared reflectance spectroscopy[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,160(1/2):62-72.
[28]DEAVILLE E R,HUMPHRIES D J,GIVENS D I.Whole crop cereals 2.Prediction of apparent digestibility and energy value from in vitro digestion techniques and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy and of chemical composition by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2009,149(1/2):114-124.
[29]KING R H,TAVERNER M R.Prediction of the digestible energy in pig diets from analyses of fibre contents[J].Animal Science,1975,21(3):275-284.
[30]李明元,王康宁.用纤维等饲料成分预测植物性蛋白饲料的猪消化能值[J].西南农业学报,2000,13(增刊):41-50.
[31]孙献忠.羊常用饲草的能量价值评定及其组合效应研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2007.
[32]ALDERMAN G.Energy and protein requirements of ruminants[M].Wallingford:CAB International,1993.
[33]YAN T,AGNEW R E.Prediction of metabolisable energy concentrations from nutrient digestibility and chemical composition in grass silages offered to sheep at maintenance[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,117(3/4):197-213.