网球拍线径对底线击球效果及持拍臂肘关节的影响
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摘要
为了研究网球拍线径对击球速度、控制性和持拍臂肘关节所造成的影响,揭示网球拍线径在击球过程中可能造成持拍前臂肘关节运动性损伤的原因。15名网球国家2级运动员作为被试者,通过对不同线径(18号1.15 mm和16L 1.25 mm)的网球拍线进行现场正手击球测试。研究结果发现,网球拍线径会对底线击球效果产生影响,其中对击球速度产生显著影响,线径较细的18号聚酯线的击球速度显著快于线径较粗的16L聚酯线,且18号聚酯线击球控制性的总体趋势要高于16 L聚酯线的击球控制性。网球拍线径会对持拍臂造成一定的影响,具体表现为对持拍臂的肌电峰值、均方根值(RMS)及放电时程的影响,其中对肱桡肌的影响最为显著。使用16 L聚酯线拍击球时,为更好地实现对球的控制,过多动用了持拍臂桡侧腕屈肌、旋前圆肌及桡侧腕长伸肌参与运动,这些肌肉的过度使用可能导致持拍前臂肘关节的损伤。
In order to study the effects caused by tennis racket string diameters to the ball hitting speed, controllability and the elbow joint of the racket holding arm, and to reveal the cause for athletic injury of the elbow joint of the racket holding forearm, possibly caused during ball hitting, the authors selected 15 national level two tennis players as the testees, and tested their forehand ball hitting on the court with the use of tennis racket strings of different diameters(No. 18: 1.15 mm and 16 L: 1.25 mm). Research results: racket string diameters would produce effects on the baseline ball hitting effect, in which they produced a significant effect on the ball hitting speed, the ball hitting speed of the No. 18 polyester string with a smaller diameter was significantly faster than that of the 16 L polyester string with a bigger diameter, and the overall trend of the ball hitting controllability of the No. 18 polyester string was higher than the ball hitting controllability of the 16 L polyester string; racket string diameters would caused certain effects on the racket holding arm, specifically showing their effects on the myoelectricity peak value, root mean square value and discharge duration of the racket holding arm, in which their effect on the brachioradialis was the most significant; when the 16 L polyester string was used for ball hitting, in order to better realize control over the ball, the flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres and extensor carpi radialis longus of the racket holding arm were overly mobilized to involve in movement, the overuse of these muscles may cause the injury of the elbow joint of the racket holding forearm.
In order to study the effects caused by tennis racket string diameters to the ball hitting speed, controllability and the elbow joint of the racket holding arm, and to reveal the cause for athletic injury of the elbow joint of the racket holding forearm, possibly caused during ball hitting, the authors selected 15 national level two tennis players as the testees, and tested their forehand ball hitting on the court with the use of tennis racket strings of different diameters(No. 18: 1.15 mm and 16 L: 1.25 mm). Research results: racket string diameters would produce effects on the baseline ball hitting effect, in which they produced a significant effect on the ball hitting speed, the ball hitting speed of the No. 18 polyester string with a smaller diameter was significantly faster than that of the 16 L polyester string with a bigger diameter, and the overall trend of the ball hitting controllability of the No. 18 polyester string was higher than the ball hitting controllability of the 16 L polyester string; racket string diameters would caused certain effects on the racket holding arm, specifically showing their effects on the myoelectricity peak value, root mean square value and discharge duration of the racket holding arm, in which their effect on the brachioradialis was the most significant; when the 16 L polyester string was used for ball hitting, in order to better realize control over the ball, the flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres and extensor carpi radialis longus of the racket holding arm were overly mobilized to involve in movement, the overuse of these muscles may cause the injury of the elbow joint of the racket holding forearm.
引文
[1]赵伟科,杨三军.网球拍弦磅数变化对优秀网球职业运动员底线击球效果的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2010,33(12):130-133.
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[10]FABRE B,MARTIN V.Effects of string stiffness on muscle fatigue after a simulated tennis match[J].Journal of Applied Biomechanics,2014,30(3):401-406.
[11]LEHMAN R C.Surface and equipment variables in tennis injuries[J].Clinical Sports and Medicine,1988,7(2):229-232.
[12]KNUDSON D V.Forces on the hand in the tennis one-handed backhand[J].International Journal of Sport Biomechanics,1991,7(3):282-292.
[13]KING M A,KENTEL B B.Effects of ball impact location and grip tightness on the arm,racquet and ball for one-handed tennis backhand groundstrokes[J].Journal of Biomechanics,2012,45(6):1048-1052.
[14]KNUDSON D V,WHITE S C.Forces on the hand in the tennis forehand drive:Application of force sensing resistors[J].International Journal of Sport Biomechanics,2010,5(3):324-331.
[15]KAWAZOE Y,CASOLO E.Performance prediction and estimation system for tennis racket in terms of player’s wrist joint shock vibrations[J].Engineering of Sport,2004,5(1):393-399.
[16]陶志翔.网球运动教程[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2007:29.
[17]全国体育院校教材委员会.运动解剖学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2000:114.
[18]ELLIOTT B.The influence of tennis racquet flexibility and string tension on rebound velocity following a dynamic impact[J].Research Quarterly of Exercise and Sport,1982,53(4):277-281.
[19]NAKUI M,AKIHIRO M,TOMOHIRO M.Effect of the polymer string diameter on the hitting surface of tennis rackets[C].The proceedings of Ibaraki district conference,2016.
[20]武春林,潘宏侠.基于ANSYS对网球拍调谐减震球的分析[J].机械管理开发,2013(2):25-26,28.
[21]MITCHELL S R,ROY J,MARK K.Head speed vs.racket inertia in the tennis serve[J].Sports Engineering,2010,3(2):99-110.
[22]罗莉斯,彭莉.振动结合负重刺激对下肢表面肌电均方根振幅的影响:基于4种刺激下半蹲起提踵练习[J].中国组织工程研究,2017,21(32):5152-5157.
[23]王键.SEMG信号分析及其应用研究进展[J].体育科学,2000,20(4):56-60.
[2]黄钵登,张家豪.优秀网球选手对于分辨不同网线张力的敏感度[C].第十四届全国运动生物力学学术交流大会论文集,2010.
[3]沈佳丽.不同入射角及球性对网球运动员持拍手冲击载荷影响的数值模拟[J].上海体育学院学报,2014,38(3):78-82.
[4]CROSS R.The sweet spots of a tennis racket[J].Sports Engineering,1999,1(2):63-78.
[5]CROSS R.Flexible beam analysis of the effects of string tension and frame stiffness on racket performance[J].Sports Engineering,2000,3(2):111-122.
[6]JACK L,GROPPEI S.The effects of string type and tension on impact in midsized and oversized tennis racquets[J].International Journal of Sport Biomechanics,1987,3(1):40-46.
[7]BOWER R,CROSS R.String tension effects on tennis ball rebound speed and accuracy during playing conditions[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2005,23(7):765-767.
[8]BAKER J A,WILSON B D.The effect of tennis racket stiffness and string tension on ball velocity after impact[J].Research Quarterly of Exercise and Sport,1978,49(3):255-259.
[9]BOWER R,SINCLAIR P.Tennis racket stiffness and string tension effects in rebound velocity and angle for an oblique impact[J].Journal of Human Movement Studies,1999,37(6):271-286.
[10]FABRE B,MARTIN V.Effects of string stiffness on muscle fatigue after a simulated tennis match[J].Journal of Applied Biomechanics,2014,30(3):401-406.
[11]LEHMAN R C.Surface and equipment variables in tennis injuries[J].Clinical Sports and Medicine,1988,7(2):229-232.
[12]KNUDSON D V.Forces on the hand in the tennis one-handed backhand[J].International Journal of Sport Biomechanics,1991,7(3):282-292.
[13]KING M A,KENTEL B B.Effects of ball impact location and grip tightness on the arm,racquet and ball for one-handed tennis backhand groundstrokes[J].Journal of Biomechanics,2012,45(6):1048-1052.
[14]KNUDSON D V,WHITE S C.Forces on the hand in the tennis forehand drive:Application of force sensing resistors[J].International Journal of Sport Biomechanics,2010,5(3):324-331.
[15]KAWAZOE Y,CASOLO E.Performance prediction and estimation system for tennis racket in terms of player’s wrist joint shock vibrations[J].Engineering of Sport,2004,5(1):393-399.
[16]陶志翔.网球运动教程[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2007:29.
[17]全国体育院校教材委员会.运动解剖学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2000:114.
[18]ELLIOTT B.The influence of tennis racquet flexibility and string tension on rebound velocity following a dynamic impact[J].Research Quarterly of Exercise and Sport,1982,53(4):277-281.
[19]NAKUI M,AKIHIRO M,TOMOHIRO M.Effect of the polymer string diameter on the hitting surface of tennis rackets[C].The proceedings of Ibaraki district conference,2016.
[20]武春林,潘宏侠.基于ANSYS对网球拍调谐减震球的分析[J].机械管理开发,2013(2):25-26,28.
[21]MITCHELL S R,ROY J,MARK K.Head speed vs.racket inertia in the tennis serve[J].Sports Engineering,2010,3(2):99-110.
[22]罗莉斯,彭莉.振动结合负重刺激对下肢表面肌电均方根振幅的影响:基于4种刺激下半蹲起提踵练习[J].中国组织工程研究,2017,21(32):5152-5157.
[23]王键.SEMG信号分析及其应用研究进展[J].体育科学,2000,20(4):56-60.