基于电磁振动的玉米粒群定向整列系统的参数优化与试验
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摘要
为提高玉米粒群定向整列系统性能及精度,分析电磁振动系统设计参数对定向整列性能的影响。首先,通过分析系统的工作原理,构建了籽粒的滑移模型;其次,开展了系统动力学分析及定向阶段籽粒的受力分析,探讨了籽粒定向整列过程与系统设计参数之间的关系,选取出对系统作业性能有显著影响的参数,得到满足要求的设计参数临界条件;最后,搭建定向整列试验平台,通过三因素二次正交旋转设计试验,进一步优化设计参数,建立因素与试验指标(定向成功率、整列成功率)的回归方程。经优化计算得出:最佳设计参数范围为振动方向角32°~35°、振幅为0.1~0.15 mm、振动频率为51.5~52 Hz,相对应的试验指标定向成功率范围为63.8%~67.4%,整列成功率范围为95.8%~96.3%,其中最优参数组合为:振动方向角34.42°、振幅为0.14 mm、振动频率51.77 Hz;将系统置于最优参数组合进行验证试验,同时借助高速摄像系统对籽粒定向整列过程实时记录和分析,在无机械机构辅助的情况下,平均定向成功率为66.2%,整列成功率为97.4%。该研究可为玉米籽粒定向种植、定向育苗等相关装备的研制提供参考。
The study of corn mechanization planting orientation is still in the primary stage. Design of relevant institutions is mostly based on conceptual design of ideal grain shape, and the study on the basic characteristics and basic theory on corn particle swarm oriented alignment technology is lack. The motion state is more complex and affects the oriented alignment effects of maize grain seriously in electromagnetic vibration modes on maize grain in line in the process of conveying and sorting grain. Understanding of mechanical properties and optimization of vibration source parameters are the premise and key to get better oriented alignment effect of maize grain in the study of maize grain in vibration field. At first, this paper established the model of maize grain sliding motion through the force analysis of corn grain in the electromagnetic vibration system, and also obtained the minimum amplitude of the system of 0.05 mm which was the critical condition of contacts between the kernel and platform. Secondly, considering the special physical characteristics of corn grain, 1000 grains for each kind among 5 different kinds of corn with high quality in directional cultivation conditions were selected, and the instruments were adopted, such as the electronic balance with precision electronic scale of 0.01 g, the BPG-9.30 AH electric thermostat blast drying box and MXD-01 friction coefficient instrument. For the different types of maize grains, the measured water content is in the range of 13.88%-14.53%, the density range is 1.13-1.19 g/cm~3, and the sliding friction coefficient range between corn and hard rubber is 0.58-0.79. The corn planting orientation still relies on artificial pendulum, lacking mechanized corn directional seeding device. In order to make corn group oriented alignment system achieve directional cultivation, directional seeding accuracy requirements, and design parameters of the electromagnetic vibration system for corn particle swarm oriented alignment performance, were analyzed, as well as kinematics and dynamics of the system. The relationship between seed oriented alignment process and design parameters of system was explored in order to satisfy critical conditions requirements; the selected parameters had significant influence on the working performance of the system, and the main parameters affecting the performance of oriented alignment were the direction angle of vibration, vibration amplitude and frequency. On the corn particle swarm oriented alignment test platform, through the 2 orthogonal rotation design tests with 3 factors, the design parameters were optimized, and the factor and test index(directional success rate, the success rate of the entire column) regression equation was established. The optimal design parameters range was as follows: Vibrating direction angle was 32°-35°, amplitude was 0.1-0.15 mm, and vibration frequency was 51.5-52 Hz; corresponding to the test index, directional success rate was in the range of 63.8%-67.4%, the success rate of entire column was 95.8%-96.3%; the optimal combination of design parameters was the vibration direction angle of 34.42°, the amplitude of 0.14 mm and the vibration frequency of 51.77 Hz. The best combination of parameters was used in system verification test, with the high speed camera system implementation of recording and analysis on grain oriented alignment process, and in the absence of mechanical assisted mechanism, the average success rate of the orientation reached 66.2%, the success rate of entire column was 97.4%. The research can provide reference for the directional planting of maize grain and the development of directional seedling-raising equipment.
The study of corn mechanization planting orientation is still in the primary stage. Design of relevant institutions is mostly based on conceptual design of ideal grain shape, and the study on the basic characteristics and basic theory on corn particle swarm oriented alignment technology is lack. The motion state is more complex and affects the oriented alignment effects of maize grain seriously in electromagnetic vibration modes on maize grain in line in the process of conveying and sorting grain. Understanding of mechanical properties and optimization of vibration source parameters are the premise and key to get better oriented alignment effect of maize grain in the study of maize grain in vibration field. At first, this paper established the model of maize grain sliding motion through the force analysis of corn grain in the electromagnetic vibration system, and also obtained the minimum amplitude of the system of 0.05 mm which was the critical condition of contacts between the kernel and platform. Secondly, considering the special physical characteristics of corn grain, 1000 grains for each kind among 5 different kinds of corn with high quality in directional cultivation conditions were selected, and the instruments were adopted, such as the electronic balance with precision electronic scale of 0.01 g, the BPG-9.30 AH electric thermostat blast drying box and MXD-01 friction coefficient instrument. For the different types of maize grains, the measured water content is in the range of 13.88%-14.53%, the density range is 1.13-1.19 g/cm~3, and the sliding friction coefficient range between corn and hard rubber is 0.58-0.79. The corn planting orientation still relies on artificial pendulum, lacking mechanized corn directional seeding device. In order to make corn group oriented alignment system achieve directional cultivation, directional seeding accuracy requirements, and design parameters of the electromagnetic vibration system for corn particle swarm oriented alignment performance, were analyzed, as well as kinematics and dynamics of the system. The relationship between seed oriented alignment process and design parameters of system was explored in order to satisfy critical conditions requirements; the selected parameters had significant influence on the working performance of the system, and the main parameters affecting the performance of oriented alignment were the direction angle of vibration, vibration amplitude and frequency. On the corn particle swarm oriented alignment test platform, through the 2 orthogonal rotation design tests with 3 factors, the design parameters were optimized, and the factor and test index(directional success rate, the success rate of the entire column) regression equation was established. The optimal design parameters range was as follows: Vibrating direction angle was 32°-35°, amplitude was 0.1-0.15 mm, and vibration frequency was 51.5-52 Hz; corresponding to the test index, directional success rate was in the range of 63.8%-67.4%, the success rate of entire column was 95.8%-96.3%; the optimal combination of design parameters was the vibration direction angle of 34.42°, the amplitude of 0.14 mm and the vibration frequency of 51.77 Hz. The best combination of parameters was used in system verification test, with the high speed camera system implementation of recording and analysis on grain oriented alignment process, and in the absence of mechanical assisted mechanism, the average success rate of the orientation reached 66.2%, the success rate of entire column was 97.4%. The research can provide reference for the directional planting of maize grain and the development of directional seedling-raising equipment.
引文
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[7]姜松,孙柯,杨德勇,等.禽蛋大小头自动定向排列中翻转运动机理研究[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(3):215-222.Jiang Song,Sun Ke,Yang Deyong,et al.Turnover motion mechanism of automatic orientation of eggs according to pointed end and blunt end[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(3):215-222.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]闻邦椿,刘树英,陈照波,等.机械振动理论及应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009.
[9]王应彪,赵学观,徐丽明,等.基于电磁振动的玉米种子定向排序输送技术[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(1):79-88.Wang Yingbiao,Zhao Xueguan,Xu Liming,et al.Experiment and directional movement technology of corn seed base on the electromagnetic vibration[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(1):79-88.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]高星星,谭鹤群.淡水鱼头尾与腹背定向装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(5):342-347.Gao Xingxing,Tan Hequn.Design and experiment of directional transport device of freshwater fish bodies[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(5):342-347.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]金诚谦,袁文胜,吴崇友,等.大蒜播种时鳞芽朝向对大蒜生长发育影响的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):155-158.Jin Chengqian,Yuan Wensheng,Wu Chongyou,et al.Experimental study on effects of the bulbil direction on garlic growth[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2008,24(4):155-158.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]赵学观,徐丽明,王应彪,等.基于Fluent与高速摄影的玉米种子定向吸附研究[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(10):103-109.Zhao Xueguan,Xu Liming,Wang Yingbiao,et al.Directional adsorption characteristics of corn seed based on Fluent and highspeed photography[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(10):103-109.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]江光华,韩英志,王艳红,等.玉米定向排种精播技术初探[J].农业工程,2012(2):17-20.Jiang Guanghua,Han Yingzhi,Wang Yanhong,et al.Directional and precision sowing techniques of corn[J].Agricultural Engineering,2012(2):17-20.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]闻邦椿,刘树英.振动机械的理论与动态设计方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[15]Kawamoto H.Some techniques on electrostatic separation of particle size utilizing electrostatic traveling-wave field[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2008,66(3/4):220-228.
[16]Piatkowski T,Sempruch J.Model of the process of load unit stream sorting by means of flexible active fence[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2008,43(5):549-564.
[17]俞亚新,林佳辉,赵匀,等.基于单轴对称特性的稻种定向排序仿真与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(10):62-67.Yu Yaxin,Lin Jiahui,Zhao Yun,et al.Simulation and test on rice seed orientation based on single axisymmetric properties[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(10):62-67.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]荐世春,刘云东.大蒜播种机蒜瓣自动定向控制装置的试验研究[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2009(10):28-29.Jian Shichun,Liu Yundong.Experimental research on the garlic clove automatic orientation control device of garlic planting machine[J].Agrlcultural Equipment&Vehicle Engineering,2009(10):28-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]瓦尔特·霍尔曼,曹秉忠.物料由于阻尼和质量结合对振动槽运行状态的影响[J].起重运输机械,1975(6):55-63.
[20]瓦尔特·霍尔曼,曹秉忠.物料由于阻尼和质量结合对振动槽运行状态的影响(续)[J].起重运输机械,1976(1):60-68.
[21]Booth J H,Callion H Ma.On predicting the mean conveying velocity of a vibratory conveyor[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanicl Engineers,1963,178(20):521-538.
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