外源H_2S对桃根系构型及叶片光合特性的影响
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摘要
以一年生毛桃(Prunus persica)实生苗为试材,研究了0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3 mmol·L~(-1)硫氢化钠(NaHS)以及0.1 mmol·L~(-1)硫化氢(H_2S)清除剂亚牛磺酸(HT)对桃实生苗根系构型、叶片光合特性、根系和叶片中H_2S合成酶编码基因(PpDCD和PpLCD)表达及根系H_2S含量的调控作用。结果表明,与对照相比,0.1～0.3 mmol·L~(-1)NaHS处理显著提高了桃实生苗根系活力、一级侧根数量、根系总长度、总体积、总表面积、平均直径、根尖数、分叉数、分形维数、根冠比、叶片净光合速率以及植株生物量,以0.2 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS处理作用最显著,较高浓度(0.3 mmol·L~(-1))NaHS处理对根系生长和叶片光合作用的促进作用减弱;0.2 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS+0.1mmol·L~(-1) HT处理部分消除了外源H_2S对根系生长、叶片光合作用及植株生物量积累的促进作用;0.1 mmol·L~(-1)HT处理抑制了根系生长,降低了叶片光合作用水平和植株生物量的积累。其他钠盐(Na_2SO_4、Na_2SO_3、Na Ac、NaHSO_4、NaHSO_3)对根系生长的作用效果甚微,表明NaHS对桃实生苗根系生长的促进作用归因于其释放的H_2S。0.2 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS处理后,桃实生苗根系和叶片中Pp DCD和Pp LCD表达量分别在2和4 h达到最高水平,随后均逐渐下降至初始水平。0.2 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS处理显著提高了桃实生苗根系H_2S含量。可见,外源H_2S可诱导桃实生苗根系和叶片中H_2S合成酶编码基因表达,提高根系内源H_2S含量,并促进根系生长,提高叶片净光合速率。
Peach(Prunus persica) seedlings were used to investigate the effects of different concentrations(0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mmol·L~(-1)) of NaHS(as H_2S donor) and 0.1 mmol·L~(-1) hypotaurine(HT, as H_2S scavenger) on root architecture, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, expression characteristics of H_2S synthase-encoding genes(PpDCD and PpLCD) in roots and leaves, and H_2S content in roots. The results show that compared to control, H_2S content in root, root activity, primary lateral root amount, total root length, total root volume, total root surface area, average diameter, amount of root tips, amount of root branches, root fractal dimension, leaf net photosynthetic rate, plant biomass and root-shoot ratio of peach seedlings were significantly increased under 0.1–0.3 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS treatments. 0.2 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS treatment showed the best effects. Higher concentration(0.3 mmol·L~(-1)) of NaHS treatment weakened the promotion of root growth and leaf photosynthesis. The promotion of root growth, leaf photosynthesis and plant biomass accumulation were partially eliminated under 0.2 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS + 0.1 mmol·L~(-1) HT treatment. 0.1 mmol·L~(-1) HT treatment reduced root H_2S content, inhibited root growth, and decreased leaf photosynthesis and plant biomass accumulation. Otherwise, there had no significant effect on the root growth of peach seedlings under the treatments with other sodium salt including Na_2SO_4, Na_2SO_3, NaAc, NaHSO_4 and NaHSO_3. It indicates that the promoting effect of NaHS on the root growth of peach seedlings is attributed to the release of H_2S. The expressions of PpDCD and PpLCD within 2 and 4 h reached the highest levels in roots and leaves, and then dropped to the initial levels. The H_2S content in the roots of peach seedlings was significantly increased under 0.2 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS treatment. These results indicate that the expression of H_2S synthase-encoding genes in roots and leaves of peach seedlings can be induced by exogenous H_2S. Exogenous H_2S can increase H_2S content in root, and promote the root growth and the leaf photosynthetic rate.
Peach(Prunus persica) seedlings were used to investigate the effects of different concentrations(0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mmol·L~(-1)) of NaHS(as H_2S donor) and 0.1 mmol·L~(-1) hypotaurine(HT, as H_2S scavenger) on root architecture, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, expression characteristics of H_2S synthase-encoding genes(PpDCD and PpLCD) in roots and leaves, and H_2S content in roots. The results show that compared to control, H_2S content in root, root activity, primary lateral root amount, total root length, total root volume, total root surface area, average diameter, amount of root tips, amount of root branches, root fractal dimension, leaf net photosynthetic rate, plant biomass and root-shoot ratio of peach seedlings were significantly increased under 0.1–0.3 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS treatments. 0.2 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS treatment showed the best effects. Higher concentration(0.3 mmol·L~(-1)) of NaHS treatment weakened the promotion of root growth and leaf photosynthesis. The promotion of root growth, leaf photosynthesis and plant biomass accumulation were partially eliminated under 0.2 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS + 0.1 mmol·L~(-1) HT treatment. 0.1 mmol·L~(-1) HT treatment reduced root H_2S content, inhibited root growth, and decreased leaf photosynthesis and plant biomass accumulation. Otherwise, there had no significant effect on the root growth of peach seedlings under the treatments with other sodium salt including Na_2SO_4, Na_2SO_3, NaAc, NaHSO_4 and NaHSO_3. It indicates that the promoting effect of NaHS on the root growth of peach seedlings is attributed to the release of H_2S. The expressions of PpDCD and PpLCD within 2 and 4 h reached the highest levels in roots and leaves, and then dropped to the initial levels. The H_2S content in the roots of peach seedlings was significantly increased under 0.2 mmol·L~(-1) NaHS treatment. These results indicate that the expression of H_2S synthase-encoding genes in roots and leaves of peach seedlings can be induced by exogenous H_2S. Exogenous H_2S can increase H_2S content in root, and promote the root growth and the leaf photosynthetic rate.
引文
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Chen J,Wu FH,Wang WH,et al(2011).Hydrogen sulphide enhances photosynthesis through promoting chloroplast biogenesis,photosynthetic enzyme expression,and thiol redox modification in Spinacia oleracea seedings.J Exp Bot,62(13):4481-4493
Fan WG,Yang HQ(2007).Nutrient deficiency affects root architecture of young seedlings of Malus hupehensis(Pamp)Rehd.under conditions of artificial medium cultivation.Agr Sci China,6(3):296-303
Fang T,Cao Z,Li J(2014).Auxin-induced hydrogen sulfide generation is involved in lateral root formation in tomato.Plant Physiol Bioch,76(5):44-51
Li D,Xiao Z,Liu L,et al(2010).Effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide(H2S)on the root tip and root border cells of Pisum sativum.Chin Bull Bot,45(3):354-362(in Chinese with English abstract)[李东波,肖朝霞,刘灵霞等(2010).外源硫化氢对豌豆根尖及其边缘细胞的影响.植物学报,45(3):354-362]
Li J,Jia H,Wang J,et al(2014).Hydrogen sulfide is involved in maintaining ion homeostasis via regulating plasma membrane Na+/H+antiporter system in the hydrogen peroxide-dependent manner in salt-stress Arabidopsis thaliana root.Protoplasma,251(4):899-912
Lin YT,Li MY,Cui WT(2012).Haem oxygenase-1 is involved in hydrogen sulfide induced cucumber adventitious root formation.J Plant Growth Regul,31:519-528
Linden DR,Levitt MD,Farrugia G,et al(2010).Endogenous production of H2S in the gastrointestinal tract:still in search of a physiologic function.Antioxid Redox Signal,12(9):1135-1146
Lisjak M,Teklic T,Wilson ID,et al(2013).Hydrogen sulfide:environmental factor or signalling molecule?Plant Cell Environ,36(9):1607-1616
Lv W,Yang L,Xu C,et al(2017).Cadmium disrupts the balance between hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical by regulating endogenous hydrogen sulfide in the root tip of brassica rapa.Front Plant Sci,8:232
Ma Z,Walk TC,Marcus A,et al(2001).Morphological synergism in root hair length,density,initiation and geometry for phosphorus acquisition in Arabidopsis thaliana:a modeling approach.Plant Soil,236(6):221-235
Mei Y,Chen H,Shen W,et al(2017).Hydrogen peroxide is involved in hydrogen sulfide-induced lateral root formation in tomato seedlings.BMC Plant Biol,17:162-170
Min X,Zhou ZH,Li ZG(2016).The metabolism of signal molecule hydrogen sulfide and its role in the acquisition of heat tolerance in plants.Plant Physiol J,52(1):37-46(in Chinese with English abstract)[闵雄,周志豪,李忠光(2016).信号分子硫化氢的代谢及其在植物耐热性形成中的作用.植物生理学报,52(1):37-46]
Qiao Z,Jing T,Liu Z,et al(2015).H2S acting as a downstream signaling molecule of SA regulates Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis.Plant Soil,393(1):137-146
Sekiya J,Schmidt A,Wilson LG,et al(1982).Emission of hydrogen sulfide by leaf tissue in response to l-cysteine.Plant Physiol,70(2):430-436
Smith S,De Smet I(2012).Root system architecture:insights from Arabidopsis and cereal crops.Phil Trans R Soc B,367:1441-1452
Sun LM,Pei YX,Liu ZQ(2016).Relationship between H2Ssignal and WRKY in ABA regulating root growth and stomatal movement.Bull Bot Res,36(1):97-104(in Chinese with English abstract)[孙丽敏,裴雁曦,刘志强(2016).H2S信号和WRKY在ABA调节根生长和气孔运动中的关系.植物研究,36(1):97-104]
Xiao Y,Peng F,Dang Z,et al(2015).Influence of rhizosphere ventilation on soil nutrient status,root architecture and the growth of young peach trees.Soil Sci Plant Nutr,61:775-787
Xiao Y,Peng Y,Peng F,et al(2018).Effects of concentrated application of soil conditioners on soil-air permeability and absorption of nitrogen by young peach trees.Soil Sci Plant Nutr,64(3):423-432
Zhou FC,Wu CT,Li DD,et al(2018).Hydrogen sulfide promotes chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings by alleviating low-temperature photoinhibition.Plant Physiol J,54(3):411-420(in Chinese with English abstract)[周超凡,吴春涛,李丹丹等(2016).外源H2S通过减轻低温光抑制增强黄瓜幼苗耐冷性.植物生理学报,54(3):411-420]
Chen J,Wu FH,Wang WH,et al(2011).Hydrogen sulphide enhances photosynthesis through promoting chloroplast biogenesis,photosynthetic enzyme expression,and thiol redox modification in Spinacia oleracea seedings.J Exp Bot,62(13):4481-4493
Fan WG,Yang HQ(2007).Nutrient deficiency affects root architecture of young seedlings of Malus hupehensis(Pamp)Rehd.under conditions of artificial medium cultivation.Agr Sci China,6(3):296-303
Fang T,Cao Z,Li J(2014).Auxin-induced hydrogen sulfide generation is involved in lateral root formation in tomato.Plant Physiol Bioch,76(5):44-51
Li D,Xiao Z,Liu L,et al(2010).Effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide(H2S)on the root tip and root border cells of Pisum sativum.Chin Bull Bot,45(3):354-362(in Chinese with English abstract)[李东波,肖朝霞,刘灵霞等(2010).外源硫化氢对豌豆根尖及其边缘细胞的影响.植物学报,45(3):354-362]
Li J,Jia H,Wang J,et al(2014).Hydrogen sulfide is involved in maintaining ion homeostasis via regulating plasma membrane Na+/H+antiporter system in the hydrogen peroxide-dependent manner in salt-stress Arabidopsis thaliana root.Protoplasma,251(4):899-912
Lin YT,Li MY,Cui WT(2012).Haem oxygenase-1 is involved in hydrogen sulfide induced cucumber adventitious root formation.J Plant Growth Regul,31:519-528
Linden DR,Levitt MD,Farrugia G,et al(2010).Endogenous production of H2S in the gastrointestinal tract:still in search of a physiologic function.Antioxid Redox Signal,12(9):1135-1146
Lisjak M,Teklic T,Wilson ID,et al(2013).Hydrogen sulfide:environmental factor or signalling molecule?Plant Cell Environ,36(9):1607-1616
Lv W,Yang L,Xu C,et al(2017).Cadmium disrupts the balance between hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical by regulating endogenous hydrogen sulfide in the root tip of brassica rapa.Front Plant Sci,8:232
Ma Z,Walk TC,Marcus A,et al(2001).Morphological synergism in root hair length,density,initiation and geometry for phosphorus acquisition in Arabidopsis thaliana:a modeling approach.Plant Soil,236(6):221-235
Mei Y,Chen H,Shen W,et al(2017).Hydrogen peroxide is involved in hydrogen sulfide-induced lateral root formation in tomato seedlings.BMC Plant Biol,17:162-170
Min X,Zhou ZH,Li ZG(2016).The metabolism of signal molecule hydrogen sulfide and its role in the acquisition of heat tolerance in plants.Plant Physiol J,52(1):37-46(in Chinese with English abstract)[闵雄,周志豪,李忠光(2016).信号分子硫化氢的代谢及其在植物耐热性形成中的作用.植物生理学报,52(1):37-46]
Qiao Z,Jing T,Liu Z,et al(2015).H2S acting as a downstream signaling molecule of SA regulates Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis.Plant Soil,393(1):137-146
Sekiya J,Schmidt A,Wilson LG,et al(1982).Emission of hydrogen sulfide by leaf tissue in response to l-cysteine.Plant Physiol,70(2):430-436
Smith S,De Smet I(2012).Root system architecture:insights from Arabidopsis and cereal crops.Phil Trans R Soc B,367:1441-1452
Sun LM,Pei YX,Liu ZQ(2016).Relationship between H2Ssignal and WRKY in ABA regulating root growth and stomatal movement.Bull Bot Res,36(1):97-104(in Chinese with English abstract)[孙丽敏,裴雁曦,刘志强(2016).H2S信号和WRKY在ABA调节根生长和气孔运动中的关系.植物研究,36(1):97-104]
Xiao Y,Peng F,Dang Z,et al(2015).Influence of rhizosphere ventilation on soil nutrient status,root architecture and the growth of young peach trees.Soil Sci Plant Nutr,61:775-787
Xiao Y,Peng Y,Peng F,et al(2018).Effects of concentrated application of soil conditioners on soil-air permeability and absorption of nitrogen by young peach trees.Soil Sci Plant Nutr,64(3):423-432
Zhou FC,Wu CT,Li DD,et al(2018).Hydrogen sulfide promotes chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings by alleviating low-temperature photoinhibition.Plant Physiol J,54(3):411-420(in Chinese with English abstract)[周超凡,吴春涛,李丹丹等(2016).外源H2S通过减轻低温光抑制增强黄瓜幼苗耐冷性.植物生理学报,54(3):411-420]