地下滴灌条件下不同水肥处理对苜蓿生长和产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】优化滴灌条件下苜蓿的水肥供应制度,提出节约、高效的水肥技术方案。【方法】以地下滴灌苜蓿为研究对象,进行水肥二因素完全随机试验,试验设置4个灌水水平(1 950、2 400、2 850、3 300 m3/hm~2)和3个施肥水平(225、285、345 kg/hm~2),探索了水肥交互作用对不同茬次苜蓿株高、茎叶比及干草产量的影响。【结果】对于同一茬次苜蓿,株高随灌水量和施肥量增加而增高且逐渐趋于稳定,其中灌水水平为主要影响因素。茎叶比随灌水量及施肥量增加均呈现先减小后增加趋势,其中灌水水平为主要影响因素,其次为水肥交互作用因素,最后为施肥水平因素。不同水肥处理下的干草产量总体上随灌水量及施肥量增加呈先上升后下降趋势,其中在灌水水平2 850 m3/hm~2、施肥水平285 kg/hm~2时产量最高,为20 989.75 kg/hm~2。水肥互作对干草产量影响显著,在低水、低肥处理下,增加施肥量(灌水量)的增产效应较小,而适度的水肥增产效应显著。【结论】本试验中,灌水水平2 850 m3/hm~2、施肥水平285 kg/hm~2组合为最优水肥供应方案。
【Objective】Optimize the water and fertilizer supply system of Alfalfa under drip irrigation, a saving and efficient irrigation and fertilization technology scheme was put forward.【Method】Alfalfa under subsurface drip irrigation was used as the research object, totally randomized trials of two factors were carried out. The test set 4 irrigation levels(1 950 m3/hm~2, 2 400 m3/hm~2, 2 850 m3/hm~2, 3 300 m3/hm~2) and 3 fertilization levels(225 kg/hm~2,285 kg/hm~2,345 kg/hm~2)to explore the effects of water and fertilizer on plant height, stem leaf ratio and hay yield. 【Result】The plant height increased with the increase of irrigation water and fertilizer amount, and gradually became stable, in which the irrigation level was the main influencing factor. The leaf stem ratio decreased firstly, then increased with the amount of irrigation and fertilization amount, the irrigation level as the main factors, followed by the interaction of water and fertilizer factors, finally fertilization level factors. The hay yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount and fertilizer amount, and the yield which was 20 989.75 kg/hm~2 was the highest under the irrigation level of 2 850 m3/hm~2 and fertilization level of 285 kg/hm~2. The effect of interaction of water and fertilizer on hay yield was significant. Under low level of water and fertilizer, the effect of increasing fertilizer amount(irrigation amount) was less, but the effect of moderate water and fertilizer production was remarkable.【Conclusion】In this experiment, the interaction of water and fertilizer under the irrigation level of 2 850 m3/hm~2 and fertilization level of 285 kg/hm~2 is the best.
【Objective】Optimize the water and fertilizer supply system of Alfalfa under drip irrigation, a saving and efficient irrigation and fertilization technology scheme was put forward.【Method】Alfalfa under subsurface drip irrigation was used as the research object, totally randomized trials of two factors were carried out. The test set 4 irrigation levels(1 950 m3/hm~2, 2 400 m3/hm~2, 2 850 m3/hm~2, 3 300 m3/hm~2) and 3 fertilization levels(225 kg/hm~2,285 kg/hm~2,345 kg/hm~2)to explore the effects of water and fertilizer on plant height, stem leaf ratio and hay yield. 【Result】The plant height increased with the increase of irrigation water and fertilizer amount, and gradually became stable, in which the irrigation level was the main influencing factor. The leaf stem ratio decreased firstly, then increased with the amount of irrigation and fertilization amount, the irrigation level as the main factors, followed by the interaction of water and fertilizer factors, finally fertilization level factors. The hay yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount and fertilizer amount, and the yield which was 20 989.75 kg/hm~2 was the highest under the irrigation level of 2 850 m3/hm~2 and fertilization level of 285 kg/hm~2. The effect of interaction of water and fertilizer on hay yield was significant. Under low level of water and fertilizer, the effect of increasing fertilizer amount(irrigation amount) was less, but the effect of moderate water and fertilizer production was remarkable.【Conclusion】In this experiment, the interaction of water and fertilizer under the irrigation level of 2 850 m3/hm~2 and fertilization level of 285 kg/hm~2 is the best.
引文
[1]潘晓莹,武继承.水肥耦合效应研究的现状与前景[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(10):20-23.
[2]兴民.水肥耦合效应与协同管理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1999.
[3]肖自添,蒋卫杰,余宏军.作物水肥耦合效应研究进展[J].作物杂志,2007(6):18-22.
[4]吴文奇,夏玉慧,张志芬,等.地下滴灌技术在紫花苜蓿种植上的应用研究[J].节水灌溉,2009(4):14-17.
[5]孟季蒙,李卫军.地下滴灌对苜蓿的生长发育与种子产量的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(1):291-295.
[6]张前兵,于磊,鲁为华,等.优化灌溉制度提高苜蓿种植当年产量及品质[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(23):116-122.
[7]肖向华.氮、磷、钾配比施肥对紫花苜蓿产量、品质及根瘤菌数量的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2016.
[8]张进霞,刘晓静,郝凤范,等.氮磷调控对紫花苜蓿氮积累与土壤氮磷营养的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(1):61-68.
[9]谢开云,何峰,李向林,等.我国紫花苜蓿主产田土壤养分和植物养分调查分析[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):202-214.
[10]谢勇,孙洪仁,张新全,等.坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应与推荐施肥量[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(2):52-57.
[11]蔺蕊,蒋平安,周抑强,等.苜蓿土壤氮磷钾丰缺指标初步研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2004,27(1):23-28.
[12]文宏达,刘玉柱,李晓丽,等.水肥耦合与旱地农业持续发展[J].土壤与环境,2002,1(3):315-318.
[13]谢伟,黄璜,沈建凯.植物水肥耦合研究进展[J].作物研究,2007,21(5):541-546.
[14]万素梅,胡守林,张波,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种产草量及营养成分研究[J].西北农业学报,2004,13(1):14-17.
[15]李茂娜,王晓玉,杨小刚,等.圆形喷灌机条件下水肥耦合对紫花苜蓿产量的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):133-140.
[16]支金虎,马春晖,蒋慧,等.干旱区水氮耦合对苜蓿产量及结瘤的调控[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(3):1 143-1 146.
[17]李新乐,穆怀彬,侯向阳,等.水、磷对紫花苜蓿产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1 161-1 167.
[18]文霞.水肥对紫花首楷生产性能和品质的影响研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.
[19]AL-GAADI K A,PATIL V C,MADUGUNDU R,et al.Response of alfalfa to precision fertigation in Saudi Arabia[C]//ath European Conference on prcision Agriculture,The Netherlands:Wageningen Academic Publishers,2013:737-743.
[20]LAMM F R,HARMONEY K R,ABOUKHEIRA H A,ET AL.Alfalfa production with subsurface drip irrigation in the central great plains[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2012,55(4):1 203-1 212.
[21]霍星,吕志远,范志东,等.水肥耦合对毛乌素沙地紫花苜蓿生长与产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(2):111-115.
[22]徐文婷.地下滴灌条件下水肥锅合对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)生长、产量及品质的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[23]曾庆飞,贾志宽,韩清芳,等.施肥对苜蓿生产性能及品质影响的研究综述[J].草业科学,2005,22(7):8-15.
[24]寇丹,苏德荣,吴迪,等.地下调亏滴灌对紫花苜蓿耗水、产量和品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(2):116-123.
[25]HALIM R A,BUXTON D R,HATTENDORF M J,et al.Water-Stress Effects on Alfalfa Forage Quality After Adjustment for Maturity Differences[J].Agronomy Journal,1989,81(2):189-194.
[2]兴民.水肥耦合效应与协同管理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1999.
[3]肖自添,蒋卫杰,余宏军.作物水肥耦合效应研究进展[J].作物杂志,2007(6):18-22.
[4]吴文奇,夏玉慧,张志芬,等.地下滴灌技术在紫花苜蓿种植上的应用研究[J].节水灌溉,2009(4):14-17.
[5]孟季蒙,李卫军.地下滴灌对苜蓿的生长发育与种子产量的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(1):291-295.
[6]张前兵,于磊,鲁为华,等.优化灌溉制度提高苜蓿种植当年产量及品质[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(23):116-122.
[7]肖向华.氮、磷、钾配比施肥对紫花苜蓿产量、品质及根瘤菌数量的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2016.
[8]张进霞,刘晓静,郝凤范,等.氮磷调控对紫花苜蓿氮积累与土壤氮磷营养的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(1):61-68.
[9]谢开云,何峰,李向林,等.我国紫花苜蓿主产田土壤养分和植物养分调查分析[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):202-214.
[10]谢勇,孙洪仁,张新全,等.坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应与推荐施肥量[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(2):52-57.
[11]蔺蕊,蒋平安,周抑强,等.苜蓿土壤氮磷钾丰缺指标初步研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2004,27(1):23-28.
[12]文宏达,刘玉柱,李晓丽,等.水肥耦合与旱地农业持续发展[J].土壤与环境,2002,1(3):315-318.
[13]谢伟,黄璜,沈建凯.植物水肥耦合研究进展[J].作物研究,2007,21(5):541-546.
[14]万素梅,胡守林,张波,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种产草量及营养成分研究[J].西北农业学报,2004,13(1):14-17.
[15]李茂娜,王晓玉,杨小刚,等.圆形喷灌机条件下水肥耦合对紫花苜蓿产量的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):133-140.
[16]支金虎,马春晖,蒋慧,等.干旱区水氮耦合对苜蓿产量及结瘤的调控[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(3):1 143-1 146.
[17]李新乐,穆怀彬,侯向阳,等.水、磷对紫花苜蓿产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1 161-1 167.
[18]文霞.水肥对紫花首楷生产性能和品质的影响研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.
[19]AL-GAADI K A,PATIL V C,MADUGUNDU R,et al.Response of alfalfa to precision fertigation in Saudi Arabia[C]//ath European Conference on prcision Agriculture,The Netherlands:Wageningen Academic Publishers,2013:737-743.
[20]LAMM F R,HARMONEY K R,ABOUKHEIRA H A,ET AL.Alfalfa production with subsurface drip irrigation in the central great plains[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2012,55(4):1 203-1 212.
[21]霍星,吕志远,范志东,等.水肥耦合对毛乌素沙地紫花苜蓿生长与产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(2):111-115.
[22]徐文婷.地下滴灌条件下水肥锅合对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)生长、产量及品质的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[23]曾庆飞,贾志宽,韩清芳,等.施肥对苜蓿生产性能及品质影响的研究综述[J].草业科学,2005,22(7):8-15.
[24]寇丹,苏德荣,吴迪,等.地下调亏滴灌对紫花苜蓿耗水、产量和品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(2):116-123.
[25]HALIM R A,BUXTON D R,HATTENDORF M J,et al.Water-Stress Effects on Alfalfa Forage Quality After Adjustment for Maturity Differences[J].Agronomy Journal,1989,81(2):189-194.