四川盆地高石梯地区震旦系灯影组气藏高产井地震模式新认识
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摘要
四川盆地震旦系灯影组为一套主要受沉积和岩溶作用控制的缝洞型储层,以缝洞尺度小、地层岩性复杂、储层纵横向非均质性强等为特征,致使储层钻遇率较低、单井天然气产能差异较大。为了解决该区储层地震识别存在多解性的难题,在对位于乐山—龙女寺古隆起南翼的高石梯潜伏构造区灯四段进行地层精细划分的基础上,结合气井测井、测试资料确定储层组合类型,利用高分辨率地震资料开展了不同储层组合类型典型井的地震响应特征及高产井地震模式研究。结果表明,该区灯四段可划分为3种储层组合类型,对应于3类地震模式:(1)Ⅰ类地震模式,具有"宽波谷+双亮点"或"宽波谷+复波"地震响应特征,缝洞发育,为开发阶段首选的高产井地震模式,可实施大斜度井或水平井工艺;(2)Ⅱ类地震模式,具有"宽波谷"地震响应特征,缝洞较发育,为中产井模式,可实施大斜度井工艺;(3)Ⅲ类地震模式,具有"宽波谷+亮点"地震响应特征,缝洞欠发育,为较低产能井模式,可实施水平井工艺。该地震模式新认识的现场应用效果表明,储层钻遇率超过60%,已完成的8口井平均测试天然气产量高达75.34×104 m3/d。结论认为,基于地震相、缝洞预测及靶体设计一体化的高产井地震模式,支撑了该区天然气勘探开发井位部署和钻井轨迹调整,取得了良好的应用效果。
The Sinian Dengying Fm in the Sichuan Basin is a set of fractured-vuggy reservoirs mainly dominated by sedimentation and karstification, and characterized by small fractures and vugs, complex stratigraphy and lithology, and strong vertical and lateral reservoir heterogeneity. As a result, the drilling rates are lower and single-well gas productivity varies greatly there. And the reservoir identification results based on seismic data in this area are ambiguous. In view of this, the Deng 4 Member in the Gaoshiti buried structure on the southern flank of the Leshan–Longnüsi palaeohigh was precisely divided in stratigraphy. Then, the types of reservoir assemblages were determined based on gas well logging and test data, and the seismic response characteristics of typical wells with different types of reservoir assemblages and the seismic modes of high productivity wells were studied by using high-resolution seismic data. It is indicated that the Deng 4 Member in this area is divided into three types of reservoir assemblages, which correspond to three seismic modes. Seismic mode Ⅰ: It presents the seismic response characteristics of "wide wave troughs + double highlights" or "wide wave troughs + complex waves", indicating that fractures and vugs are developed. It is the preferred seismic mode of high productivity wells in the stage of development. In this mode, the technology of highly deviated wells or horizontal wells can be implemented. Seismic mode Ⅱ: It presents the seismic response characteristics of "wide wave troughs", indicating that fractures and vugs are relatively developed. It is the mode of moderate productivity wells. In this mode, the technology of highly deviated wells can be implemented. Seismic mode Ⅲ: It presents the seismic response characteristics of "wide wave troughs + highlights", indicating that fractures and vugs are underdeveloped. It is mode of low productivity wells, in which the technology of horizontal wells can be implemented. The new understandings on seismic modes were applied on site. It is shown that the reservoir drilling rate is over 60% and the average gas production rate during the production test of 8 wells is up to 75.34×104 m3/d. It is concluded that the seismic mode of high productivity wells based on seismic facies, fracture and vug prediction and integrated target design provides a support for the well arrangement and drilling trajectory adjustment in natural gas exploration and development in the Gaoshiti area and good results have been achieved.
The Sinian Dengying Fm in the Sichuan Basin is a set of fractured-vuggy reservoirs mainly dominated by sedimentation and karstification, and characterized by small fractures and vugs, complex stratigraphy and lithology, and strong vertical and lateral reservoir heterogeneity. As a result, the drilling rates are lower and single-well gas productivity varies greatly there. And the reservoir identification results based on seismic data in this area are ambiguous. In view of this, the Deng 4 Member in the Gaoshiti buried structure on the southern flank of the Leshan–Longnüsi palaeohigh was precisely divided in stratigraphy. Then, the types of reservoir assemblages were determined based on gas well logging and test data, and the seismic response characteristics of typical wells with different types of reservoir assemblages and the seismic modes of high productivity wells were studied by using high-resolution seismic data. It is indicated that the Deng 4 Member in this area is divided into three types of reservoir assemblages, which correspond to three seismic modes. Seismic mode Ⅰ: It presents the seismic response characteristics of "wide wave troughs + double highlights" or "wide wave troughs + complex waves", indicating that fractures and vugs are developed. It is the preferred seismic mode of high productivity wells in the stage of development. In this mode, the technology of highly deviated wells or horizontal wells can be implemented. Seismic mode Ⅱ: It presents the seismic response characteristics of "wide wave troughs", indicating that fractures and vugs are relatively developed. It is the mode of moderate productivity wells. In this mode, the technology of highly deviated wells can be implemented. Seismic mode Ⅲ: It presents the seismic response characteristics of "wide wave troughs + highlights", indicating that fractures and vugs are underdeveloped. It is mode of low productivity wells, in which the technology of horizontal wells can be implemented. The new understandings on seismic modes were applied on site. It is shown that the reservoir drilling rate is over 60% and the average gas production rate during the production test of 8 wells is up to 75.34×104 m3/d. It is concluded that the seismic mode of high productivity wells based on seismic facies, fracture and vug prediction and integrated target design provides a support for the well arrangement and drilling trajectory adjustment in natural gas exploration and development in the Gaoshiti area and good results have been achieved.
引文
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[9]肖富森,冉崎,唐玉林,马波,应丹琳,张光荣,等.乐山-龙女寺古隆起深层海相碳酸盐岩地震勘探关键技术及其应用[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):67-73.Xiao Fusen,Ran Qi,Tang Yulin,Ma Bo,Ying Danlin,Zhang Guangrong,et al.Key technologies and their application to seismic exploration of the deep marine carbonate reservoirs in the Leshan-Longnüsi Paleouplift,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):67-73.
[10]赵路子,谢冰,齐宝权,周肖,伍丽红,赖强,等.四川盆地乐山-龙女寺古隆起深层海相碳酸盐岩测井评价技术[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):86-92.Zhao Luzi,Xie Bing,Qi Baoquan,Zhou Xiao,Wu Lihong,Lai Qiang,et al.Well log assessment technique in the analysis of the petrophysical properties of deep marine carbonate reservoirs in the Leshan-Longnüsi Paleouplift in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):86-92.
[11]张晓斌,刘晓兵,赵晓红,肖敏,李宏伟,向阳,等.地震资料提高分辨率处理技术在乐山-龙女寺古隆起龙王庙组勘探中的应用[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):74-79.Zhang Xiaobin,Liu Xiaobing,Zhao Xiaohong,Xiao Min,Li Hongwei,Xiang Yang,et al.Application of resolution improvement in seismic data processing technology to the Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoir exploration in Leshan-Longnüsi Paleouplift,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):74-79.
[12]刘江丽,徐美茹,吕学菊,李昌.地震约束鲕粒滩型碳酸盐岩储层三维地质建模[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(3):63-70.Liu Jiangli,Xu Meiru,LüXueju&Li Chang.3D geologic modeling of Oolitic-beach carbonate reservoirs based on seismic constraint[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(3):63-70.
[13]李闯,高妍芳,敬兵,孙东,姚清洲,谢恩.识别弱地震响应碳酸盐岩储层[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(5):951-955.Li Chuang,Gao Yanfang,Jing Bing,Sun Dong,Yao Qingzhou&Xie En.Carbonate reservoir identification with weak reflection[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(5):951-955.
[14]王保才,刘军,马灵伟,李宗杰,钟学彬.塔中顺南地区奥陶系缝洞型储层地震响应特征正演模拟分析[J].石油物探,2014,53(3):344-350.Wang Baocai,Liu Jun,Ma Lingwei,Li Zongjie&Zhong Xuebin.Forward modeling for seismic response characteristics of the fracture-cavity Ordovician reservoir in Shunnan area of central Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(3):344-350.
[15]段中钰,郭宏伟.碳酸盐岩洞穴型储层散射特征有限元正演模拟[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(5):103-109.Duan Zhongyu&Guo Hongwei.Finite element forward modeling of scattering characteristics of carbonate cavern reservoirs[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(5):103-109.
[16]刘立峰,孙赞东,杨海军,韩剑发,敬兵.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层地震属性优化方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):747-754.Liu Lifeng,Sun Zandong,Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa&Jing Bing.Seismic attribute optimization method and its application for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(6):747-754.
[17]卫平生,张虎权,王宏斌,王小卫.塔中地区缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层的地球物理预测方法[J].天然气工业,2009,29(3):38-40.Wei Pingsheng,Zhang Huquan,Wang Hongbin&Wang Xiaowei.Geophysical prediction methods on fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(3):38-40.
[2]徐春春,沈平,杨跃明,罗冰,黄建章,江兴福,等.乐山-龙女寺古隆起震旦系-下寒武统龙王庙组天然气成藏条件与富集规律[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):1-7.Xu Chunchun,Shen Ping,Yang Yueming,Luo Bing,Huang Jianzhang,Jiang Xingfu,et al.Accumulation conditions and enrichment patterns of natural gas in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm reservoirs of the Leshan-Longnüsi Paleohigh,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):1-7.
[3]余忠仁,杨雨,肖尧,何冰,宋林珂,张敏知,等.安岳气田龙王庙组气藏高产井模式研究与生产实践[J].天然气工业,2016,36(9):69-79.Yu Zhongren,Yang Yu,Xiao Yao,He Bing,Song Linke,Zhang Minzhi,et al.High-yield well modes and production practices in the Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoirs,Anyue Gas Field,central Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(9):69-79.
[4]张光荣,廖奇,喻颐,冉崎,肖尧,卢晓敏,等.四川盆地高磨地区龙王庙组气藏高效开发有利区地震预测[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):66-75.Zhang Guangrong,Liao Qi,Yu Yi,Ran Qi,Xiao Yao,Lu Xiaomin,et al.Seismic prediction on the favorable efficient development areas of the Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoir in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):66-75.
[5]杨雨,黄先平,张健,杨光,宋家荣,宋林珂,等.四川盆地寒武系沉积前震旦系顶界岩溶地貌特征及其地质意义[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):38-43.Yang Yu,Huang Xianping,Zhang Jian,Yang Guang,Song Jiarong,Song Linke,et al.Features and geologic significances of the top Sinian karst landform before the Cambrian deposition in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):38-43.
[6]周进高,姚根顺,杨光,张建勇,郝毅,王芳,等.四川盆地安岳大气田震旦系-寒武系储层的发育机制[J].天然气工业,2015,35(1):36-44.Zhou Jingao,Yao Genshun,Yang Guang,Zhang Jianyong,Hao Yi,Wang Fang,et al.Genesis mechanism of the Sinian-Cambrian Reservoirs in the Anyue Gas Field,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(1):36-44.
[7]杨威,魏国齐,赵蓉蓉,刘满仓,金惠,赵佐安,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组岩溶储层特征及展布[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):55-60.Yang Wei,Wei Guoqi,Zhao Rongrong,Liu Mancang,Jin Hui,Zhao Zuo'an,et al.Characteristics and distribution of karst reservoirs in the Sinian Dengying Fm,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):55-60.
[8]罗冰,杨跃明,罗文军,文龙,王文之,陈康.川中古隆起灯影组储层发育控制因素及展布[J].石油学报,2015,36(4):416-426.Luo Bing,Yang Yueming,Luo Wenjun,Wen Long,Wang Wenzhi&Chen Kang.Controlling factors and distribution of reservoir development in Dengying Formation of paleo-uplift in central Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(4):416-426.
[9]肖富森,冉崎,唐玉林,马波,应丹琳,张光荣,等.乐山-龙女寺古隆起深层海相碳酸盐岩地震勘探关键技术及其应用[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):67-73.Xiao Fusen,Ran Qi,Tang Yulin,Ma Bo,Ying Danlin,Zhang Guangrong,et al.Key technologies and their application to seismic exploration of the deep marine carbonate reservoirs in the Leshan-Longnüsi Paleouplift,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):67-73.
[10]赵路子,谢冰,齐宝权,周肖,伍丽红,赖强,等.四川盆地乐山-龙女寺古隆起深层海相碳酸盐岩测井评价技术[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):86-92.Zhao Luzi,Xie Bing,Qi Baoquan,Zhou Xiao,Wu Lihong,Lai Qiang,et al.Well log assessment technique in the analysis of the petrophysical properties of deep marine carbonate reservoirs in the Leshan-Longnüsi Paleouplift in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):86-92.
[11]张晓斌,刘晓兵,赵晓红,肖敏,李宏伟,向阳,等.地震资料提高分辨率处理技术在乐山-龙女寺古隆起龙王庙组勘探中的应用[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):74-79.Zhang Xiaobin,Liu Xiaobing,Zhao Xiaohong,Xiao Min,Li Hongwei,Xiang Yang,et al.Application of resolution improvement in seismic data processing technology to the Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoir exploration in Leshan-Longnüsi Paleouplift,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):74-79.
[12]刘江丽,徐美茹,吕学菊,李昌.地震约束鲕粒滩型碳酸盐岩储层三维地质建模[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(3):63-70.Liu Jiangli,Xu Meiru,LüXueju&Li Chang.3D geologic modeling of Oolitic-beach carbonate reservoirs based on seismic constraint[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(3):63-70.
[13]李闯,高妍芳,敬兵,孙东,姚清洲,谢恩.识别弱地震响应碳酸盐岩储层[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(5):951-955.Li Chuang,Gao Yanfang,Jing Bing,Sun Dong,Yao Qingzhou&Xie En.Carbonate reservoir identification with weak reflection[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(5):951-955.
[14]王保才,刘军,马灵伟,李宗杰,钟学彬.塔中顺南地区奥陶系缝洞型储层地震响应特征正演模拟分析[J].石油物探,2014,53(3):344-350.Wang Baocai,Liu Jun,Ma Lingwei,Li Zongjie&Zhong Xuebin.Forward modeling for seismic response characteristics of the fracture-cavity Ordovician reservoir in Shunnan area of central Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(3):344-350.
[15]段中钰,郭宏伟.碳酸盐岩洞穴型储层散射特征有限元正演模拟[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(5):103-109.Duan Zhongyu&Guo Hongwei.Finite element forward modeling of scattering characteristics of carbonate cavern reservoirs[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(5):103-109.
[16]刘立峰,孙赞东,杨海军,韩剑发,敬兵.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层地震属性优化方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):747-754.Liu Lifeng,Sun Zandong,Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa&Jing Bing.Seismic attribute optimization method and its application for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(6):747-754.
[17]卫平生,张虎权,王宏斌,王小卫.塔中地区缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层的地球物理预测方法[J].天然气工业,2009,29(3):38-40.Wei Pingsheng,Zhang Huquan,Wang Hongbin&Wang Xiaowei.Geophysical prediction methods on fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong area[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(3):38-40.