白炽灯灯丝的正常发光温度、长度及直径的估算
|
摘要
文章通过焦耳定律和能量守恒定律求出白炽灯钨丝长度与直径的完整的表达式,其中已考虑了钨丝的电阻率及钨丝表面的热辐射发射率随温度的变化,以及螺旋钨丝热辐射时的相互遮挡和灯泡内的气体向外界热传导的因素。指出钨丝的长度与直径是由灯泡的功率、电压、灯丝的发光温度、灯丝的结构和灯泡的充气类型等共同决定的,并非任意设置。利用求得的表达式结合灯泡光效的表达式分别求出在JJG 247—2008规定的基本光效下常见的40W、60W、100W普通充氮泡和充氩泡单螺旋灯丝的正常发光温度T、长度l和直径d。利用一种实践经验公式求出同样功率下实用充氩泡灯丝的T、l、d和灯泡光效η_l。对这3种灯泡的结果进行对比与分析,指出理论公式及其计算结果的准确性,指出理论公式的其他应用价值,同时纠正了两种错误的认识。文章可为相关内容的教学提供一些参考。
Through the Joules law and the law of conservation of energy,the complete expressions of the length and diameter of tungsten filament of incandescent lamp are obtained.The resistivity and thermal radiation emissivity of the tungsten wire changing with temperature,the mutual occlusion of the heat radiation of the spiral tungsten wire and the heat conduction of the gas inside the bulb have all been taken into account.It is pointed out that the length and diameter of tungsten wire are determined by the power and voltage of the bulb,the luminescence temperature of the filament,the structure of the filament and the type of the inflating lamp,rather than arbitrary set.The normal luminescence temperature T,length l and diameter dof 40 W,60 W,100 W common nitrogen-filled and argon-filled single helical filaments under the basic luminous efficiency stipulated by JJG 247-2008 are calculated respectively by using the obtained expressions and the expression of light efficiency of light bulb.A practical empirical formula is used to calculate the T,l,d and lamp luminous efficiency η_l of the practical argon filled light bulb filament of the same kind of power.The results of these three kinds of bulbs are compared and analyzed.The accuracy of the theoretical formulas and their calculation results are confirmed,and other values of the theoretical formulas are pointed out.Meanwhile,two kinds of mistakes have been corrected in this paper,which can provide some reference for the teaching of related contents.
Through the Joules law and the law of conservation of energy,the complete expressions of the length and diameter of tungsten filament of incandescent lamp are obtained.The resistivity and thermal radiation emissivity of the tungsten wire changing with temperature,the mutual occlusion of the heat radiation of the spiral tungsten wire and the heat conduction of the gas inside the bulb have all been taken into account.It is pointed out that the length and diameter of tungsten wire are determined by the power and voltage of the bulb,the luminescence temperature of the filament,the structure of the filament and the type of the inflating lamp,rather than arbitrary set.The normal luminescence temperature T,length l and diameter dof 40 W,60 W,100 W common nitrogen-filled and argon-filled single helical filaments under the basic luminous efficiency stipulated by JJG 247-2008 are calculated respectively by using the obtained expressions and the expression of light efficiency of light bulb.A practical empirical formula is used to calculate the T,l,d and lamp luminous efficiency η_l of the practical argon filled light bulb filament of the same kind of power.The results of these three kinds of bulbs are compared and analyzed.The accuracy of the theoretical formulas and their calculation results are confirmed,and other values of the theoretical formulas are pointed out.Meanwhile,two kinds of mistakes have been corrected in this paper,which can provide some reference for the teaching of related contents.
引文
[1]周太明,周详,蔡伟新.光源原理与设计[M].2版.上海:复旦大学出版社,2006:26-43.
[2]JJG 247-2008,总光通量标准白炽灯检定规程[S].
[3]周正怡.全力推广双螺旋白炽灯泡[J].灯与照明,2000,24(4):8-10.ZHOU Z Y.Going all out to promote double helical filament bulbs[J].Light&Lighting,2000,24(4):8-10.(in Chinese)
[4]张寅平,葛新石,高举文,等.利用热镜膜提高白炽灯光效的理论研究[J].工程热物理学报,1992,13(2):165-170.ZHANG Y P,GE X S,GAO J W,et al.Theoretical analysis of the factors influncing the luminaire efficiency of the energy saving incandescent lamps with heat mirror on the inner surface[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,1992,13(2):165-170.(in Chinese)
[5]柯丹,冯奇斌,吕国强.白炽灯灯丝设计以及各参数的综合分析[J].中国照明电器,2006(7):11-13.KE D,FENG Q B,LV G Q.Filament design of incandescent lamp and comprehensive analysis of various parameters[J].China Light&Lighting,2006(7):11-13.(in Chinese)
[2]JJG 247-2008,总光通量标准白炽灯检定规程[S].
[3]周正怡.全力推广双螺旋白炽灯泡[J].灯与照明,2000,24(4):8-10.ZHOU Z Y.Going all out to promote double helical filament bulbs[J].Light&Lighting,2000,24(4):8-10.(in Chinese)
[4]张寅平,葛新石,高举文,等.利用热镜膜提高白炽灯光效的理论研究[J].工程热物理学报,1992,13(2):165-170.ZHANG Y P,GE X S,GAO J W,et al.Theoretical analysis of the factors influncing the luminaire efficiency of the energy saving incandescent lamps with heat mirror on the inner surface[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,1992,13(2):165-170.(in Chinese)
[5]柯丹,冯奇斌,吕国强.白炽灯灯丝设计以及各参数的综合分析[J].中国照明电器,2006(7):11-13.KE D,FENG Q B,LV G Q.Filament design of incandescent lamp and comprehensive analysis of various parameters[J].China Light&Lighting,2006(7):11-13.(in Chinese)