武汉市火车站广场灰尘中PCBs的污染特征及评价
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摘要
于2017年3月采集武汉市的3个火车站广场灰尘样品30个,其中武汉火车站12个,武昌火车站8个,汉口火车站10个,采用气相色谱对样品中32种PCBs的含量进行了测定,并应用美国国家环保局(USEPA)的暴露评价模型对其进行了健康风险评价.结果表明,在武汉市3个火车站广场灰尘样品中∑PCBs的质量浓度范围分别是20.6—140 ng·g~(-1)(平均值为66.0 ng·g~(-1)),20.3—125 ng·g~(-1)(平均值为71.2 ng·g~(-1)),19.6—62.9 ng·g~(-1)(平均值为36.7 ng·g~(-1)),与国内外其它城市相比,PCBs污染较为严重,且六氯联苯所占百分比值均很高.健康风险评价结果显示,成人在武汉火车站和武昌火车站仅通过皮肤接触存在较轻的致癌风险,通过呼吸吸入及经口摄入途径不存在致癌风险;成人在汉口火车站3种途径均不存在致癌风险;儿童在武汉、武昌和汉口等3个火车站的3种途径不存在致癌风险.儿童及成人在3个火车站3种途径均不存在非致癌风险.
In March 2017, 30 dust samples were collected from three railway station squares in Wuhan, including 12 samples in Wuhan Railway Station, 8 samples in Wuchang Railway Station, and 10 samples in Hankou Railway Station. The contents of 32 PCBs in the samples were determined by gas chromatography. The health risk assessment was performed using the US Environmental Protection Agency′s(USEPA) exposure assessment model. The results indicated that the mass fraction of ΣPCBs in dust samples of the 3 railway stations in Wuhan was 20.6—140 ng·g~(-1)(an average of 66.0 ng·g~(-1)), 20.3—125 ng·g~(-1)(an average of 71.2 ng·g~(-1)), and 19.6—62.9 ng·g~(-1)(an average of 36.7 ng·g~(-1)), respectively. Compared with other cities in China and abroad, PCBs pollution was more serious, and the percentage of hexachlorinated biphenyls showed high levels. The health risk assessment results indicated that,there was low health risk of adults from skin contact and no carcinogenic risk from inhalation and ingestion at Wuhan Railway Station and Wuchang Railway Station, and no carcinogenic risk from the three exposure pathways at Hankou Railway Station. There was no carcinogenic risk of children from the three exposure pathways at the three stations.. In addition, there was no non-carcinogenic risk of both adults and children from the three exposure pathways at the three stations.
In March 2017, 30 dust samples were collected from three railway station squares in Wuhan, including 12 samples in Wuhan Railway Station, 8 samples in Wuchang Railway Station, and 10 samples in Hankou Railway Station. The contents of 32 PCBs in the samples were determined by gas chromatography. The health risk assessment was performed using the US Environmental Protection Agency′s(USEPA) exposure assessment model. The results indicated that the mass fraction of ΣPCBs in dust samples of the 3 railway stations in Wuhan was 20.6—140 ng·g~(-1)(an average of 66.0 ng·g~(-1)), 20.3—125 ng·g~(-1)(an average of 71.2 ng·g~(-1)), and 19.6—62.9 ng·g~(-1)(an average of 36.7 ng·g~(-1)), respectively. Compared with other cities in China and abroad, PCBs pollution was more serious, and the percentage of hexachlorinated biphenyls showed high levels. The health risk assessment results indicated that,there was low health risk of adults from skin contact and no carcinogenic risk from inhalation and ingestion at Wuhan Railway Station and Wuchang Railway Station, and no carcinogenic risk from the three exposure pathways at Hankou Railway Station. There was no carcinogenic risk of children from the three exposure pathways at the three stations.. In addition, there was no non-carcinogenic risk of both adults and children from the three exposure pathways at the three stations.
引文
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[21] 朱洁羽,王栋,王远坤,等.太湖流域持久性有机污染物特征分析和生态与健康风险评价[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),2016,52(2):370-381.ZHU J Y,WANG D,WANG Y K,et al.Comprehensive analysis and ecological and health risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants in Taihu Lake Basin[J].Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences),2016,52 (2):370-381(in Chinese).
[22] BAEK S Y,CHOI S D,PARK H,et al.Spatial and seasonal distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the vicinity of an iron and steel making plant[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2010,44(8):3035-3040.
[23] SUN P,BASU I,HITES R A.Temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls in precipitation and air at Chicago[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2006,40(4):1178-1183.
[24] ARIES E,ANDERSON D R,FISHER R,et al.PCDD/F and "Dioxin-like" PCB emissions from iron ore sintering plants in the UK[J].Chemosphere,2006,65(9):1470-1480.
[25] 邓绍坡,骆永明,宋静,等.电子废弃物拆解地PM10 中多氯联苯,镉和铜含量调查及人体健康风险评估[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(6):733-740.DENG S P,LUO Y M,SONG J,et al.Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls,cadmium and copper in inhalable particulate (PM10) from an ewaste recycling area and human health risk assessment[J].Environmental Science Research,2010,23 (6):733-740(in Chinese).
[26] YU B B,XIE X J,LENA Q,et al.Source,distribution,and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust from Tianjin,China [J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,21(4):2817-2825.
[27] WANG Y,ZHANG X Y,HUANG K,et al.The ion chemistry,seasonal cycle,and sources of PM2.5 and TSP areosol in Shanghai[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40:2935-2952.
[28] 周玲莉,吴广龙,薛南冬,等.废旧电容器封存点土壤中的PCBs污染特征和健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):704-710.ZHOU L L,WU G L,XUE N D,et al.Pollution patterns and health risk assessment for polychlorinated biphenyls in soils from acapacitor storage site[J].Environmental Science,2014,35 (2):704-710 (in Chinese).
[2] KIM K S,LEE Y M,KIM S G,et al.Associations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in visceral vs.subcutaneous adipose tissue with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance[J].Chemosphere,2014,94:151-157.
[3] 王会霞,袁浩东,李秋旭,等.我国西部地区树皮中类二恶英多氯联苯的水平及来源[J].环境化学,2017,36(11):2434-2440.WANG H X,YUAN H D,LI Q X,et al.Levels and sources of dioxinlike polychlorinated biphenyls in the tree bark from the western areas of China[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(11):2434-2440 (in Chinese).
[4] 施泰安,朱秀华,许倩,等.大连大气中多氯联苯的气粒分配行为[J].环境化学,2013,32(10):1874-1884.SHI T A,ZHU X H,XU Q et al.The gas-particle partitioning behavior of PCBs in the air of Dalian[J].Environmental Chemistry,2013,32(10):1874-1884 (in Chinese).
[5] REN N Q,QUE M X,LI Y F,et al.Polychlorinated biphenyls in Chinese surface soils[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2007,41(11):3871-3876.
[6] 刘敏霞,杨玉义,李庆孝,等.中国近海海洋环境多氯联苯(PCBs)污染现状及影响因素[J].环境科学,2013,34(8):3309-3315.LIU M X,YANG Y Y,LI Q X,et al.Status and influencing factors of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pollution in the coastal areas in China [J].Environmental Science,2013,34(8):3309-3315 (in Chinese).
[7] XIE S J,DEARING J A,BOYLE J F.Association between magnetic properties and element concentrations of Liverpool street dust and its implications [J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2001,48(2):83-92.
[8] SHU J,DEARING J A,MORSE A P,et al.Determining the sources of atmospheric particles in Shanghai,China,from magnetic and geochemical properties [J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(15):2615-2625.
[9] SPASSOV S,EGLI R,HELLER F,et al.Magnetic quantification of urban pollution sources in atmospheric particulate matter[J].Geophysical Journal International,2004,159(2):555-564.
[10] CHRYSIKOU L P,GEMENETZIS P G,SAMARA C A.Wintertime size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the urban environment:Street-vs rooftop-level measurements[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43 (2):290-300.
[11] KOSE T,YAMAMOTO T,ANEGAWA A,et al.Source analysis for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in road dust and urban run off using marker compounding[J].Desalination,2008,226(1/2/3):151-159.
[12] AELION C M,DAVIS H T,MCDERMOTT S,et al.Metal topsoil in South Carolina:Potential for concent ration in rural human health impact [J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,402(2/3):149-156.
[13] 于洋,马俊花,宋宁宁,等.北京市地表灰尘中Cu的分布及健康风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(4):744-750.YU Y,MA J H,SONG N N,et al.Distribution of Cu in urban dust of Beijing and the health risk assessment[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2014,9(4):744-750(in Chinese).
[14] 李琛,余应新,张东平,等.上海室内外灰尘中多氯联苯及其人体暴露评估[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(4):433-441.LI C,YU Y X,ZHANG D P,et al.Polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor and outdoor dust of Shanghai and exposure assessment of them to human[J].China Environmental Science,2010,30(4):433-441(in Chinese).
[15] 史双昕,董亮,李玲玲,等.苏州、无锡和南通道路灰尘中的多溴联苯醚和多氯联苯[J].环境科学,2013,34(10):4024-4030.SHI S X,DONG L,LI L L,et al.Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in road dust from Suzhou,Wuxi and Nantong[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(10):4024-4030(in Chinese).
[16] 康园,李宁,钟文凤,等.室内外灰尘中多氯联苯的质量分数及人体健康风险评估[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,46(2):67-71.KANG Y,LI N,ZHONG W F,et al.Risk assessment of human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls via indoor and outdoor dust[J].Journal of South China Normal University(Naturalal Science Edition),2014,46(2):67-71 (in Chinese).
[17] SONG Y,BUETTNER G R,PARKIN S,et al.Chlorination increases the persistence of semiquinone free radicals derived from polychlorinated biphenyl hydroquinones and quinones[J].The Journal of Organic Chemistry,2008,73:8296-8304.
[18] ZHANG Z,LIU L,LI Y-F,et al.Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in concurrently sampled Chinese air and surface soil[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2008,42(17):6514-6518.
[19] XING Y,LU Y L,DAWSON R W,et al.A spatial temporal assessment of pollution from PCBs in China[J].Chemosphere,2005,60(6):731-739.
[20] NOMIYAMA K,YONEHARA T,YONEMURA S,et al.Determination and characterization of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) in serum and adipose tissue of Japanese women diagnosed with breast cancer[J].Environmental Science Technology,2010,44(8):2890-2896.
[21] 朱洁羽,王栋,王远坤,等.太湖流域持久性有机污染物特征分析和生态与健康风险评价[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),2016,52(2):370-381.ZHU J Y,WANG D,WANG Y K,et al.Comprehensive analysis and ecological and health risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants in Taihu Lake Basin[J].Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences),2016,52 (2):370-381(in Chinese).
[22] BAEK S Y,CHOI S D,PARK H,et al.Spatial and seasonal distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the vicinity of an iron and steel making plant[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2010,44(8):3035-3040.
[23] SUN P,BASU I,HITES R A.Temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls in precipitation and air at Chicago[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2006,40(4):1178-1183.
[24] ARIES E,ANDERSON D R,FISHER R,et al.PCDD/F and "Dioxin-like" PCB emissions from iron ore sintering plants in the UK[J].Chemosphere,2006,65(9):1470-1480.
[25] 邓绍坡,骆永明,宋静,等.电子废弃物拆解地PM10 中多氯联苯,镉和铜含量调查及人体健康风险评估[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(6):733-740.DENG S P,LUO Y M,SONG J,et al.Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls,cadmium and copper in inhalable particulate (PM10) from an ewaste recycling area and human health risk assessment[J].Environmental Science Research,2010,23 (6):733-740(in Chinese).
[26] YU B B,XIE X J,LENA Q,et al.Source,distribution,and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust from Tianjin,China [J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,21(4):2817-2825.
[27] WANG Y,ZHANG X Y,HUANG K,et al.The ion chemistry,seasonal cycle,and sources of PM2.5 and TSP areosol in Shanghai[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40:2935-2952.
[28] 周玲莉,吴广龙,薛南冬,等.废旧电容器封存点土壤中的PCBs污染特征和健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):704-710.ZHOU L L,WU G L,XUE N D,et al.Pollution patterns and health risk assessment for polychlorinated biphenyls in soils from acapacitor storage site[J].Environmental Science,2014,35 (2):704-710 (in Chinese).