中国不同土地利用类型分光辐射地表反照率研究
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摘要
选取2000～2015年遥感反演的地表反照率数据及2000和2015年两期土地利用数据,采用经典统计学方法分析不同土地利用类型分光辐射地表反照率的特征及其年际变化趋势。为了解土地利用类型的反照率特征、认知区域气候或陆面模式中能量模块的相关分光辐射变量的物理过程提供科学依据。结果表明:不同的土地利用类型具有差异明显的地表反照率特征,同种土地利用类型地表反照率的差异甚至超过了不同类别土地利用类型之间的差异,说明了地表反照率巨大的空间异质性;大部分土地利用类型在短波总辐射及分光辐射地表反照率满足:近红外>短波>可见光,说明短波地表反照率的上限值更大程度上取决于近红外波段的地表反照率;研究时段内,各土地利用类型在3个波段地表反照率分别呈现出了不同的变化趋势,但是大部分土地利用类型分光辐射地表反照率的年际变化速率较小,基本保持稳定。
The change of surface albedo directly affects the radiation balance and surface heat budget,but it is limited by the lack of temporal and spatial discontinuity of remote sensing inversion data,the analysis of surface albedo on large-scale areas still faces many uncertainties.Moreover,the current researchesalways focus on short-wave albedo and few studies on surface albedo involving the visible and near-infrared bands.Select surface albedo data of 2000～2015 remote sensing inversion and land use data for 2000 and 2015,the classical statistical method was used to analyze the characteristics of surface albedo of different land use types and their inter-annual variation trend.Provide a scientific basis for understanding the albedo characteristics of land use types,the physical processes of the relevant spectral splitting variables of energy modules in cognitive regional climates or land surface models.The results show that different land use types have different surface albedo characteristics,and the difference in surface albedo of the same land use type even exceeds the difference between different types of land use types,indicating the spatial heterogeneity of the surface albedo sexuality.Most land use types meet the surface albedo of short-wave total radiation and spectral radiation: near-infrared>short-wave>visible,indicating that the upper limit of short-wave surface albedo depends more on the surface albedo in the near-infrared.During the period,the albedo of each land use type showed different trends in the three bands,but the annual inter-annual rate of surface albedo of most land use types was relatively small and remained basically stable.
The change of surface albedo directly affects the radiation balance and surface heat budget,but it is limited by the lack of temporal and spatial discontinuity of remote sensing inversion data,the analysis of surface albedo on large-scale areas still faces many uncertainties.Moreover,the current researchesalways focus on short-wave albedo and few studies on surface albedo involving the visible and near-infrared bands.Select surface albedo data of 2000～2015 remote sensing inversion and land use data for 2000 and 2015,the classical statistical method was used to analyze the characteristics of surface albedo of different land use types and their inter-annual variation trend.Provide a scientific basis for understanding the albedo characteristics of land use types,the physical processes of the relevant spectral splitting variables of energy modules in cognitive regional climates or land surface models.The results show that different land use types have different surface albedo characteristics,and the difference in surface albedo of the same land use type even exceeds the difference between different types of land use types,indicating the spatial heterogeneity of the surface albedo sexuality.Most land use types meet the surface albedo of short-wave total radiation and spectral radiation: near-infrared>short-wave>visible,indicating that the upper limit of short-wave surface albedo depends more on the surface albedo in the near-infrared.During the period,the albedo of each land use type showed different trends in the three bands,but the annual inter-annual rate of surface albedo of most land use types was relatively small and remained basically stable.
引文
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[22] Qu Y,Liu Q,Liang S,et al.Direct-Estimation Algorithm for Mapping Daily Land-Surface Broadband Albedo from MODIS Data[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2013,52(2):907-919.
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[24] Liang Shunlin.Land Surface Remote Sensing,Leaf Area Index,Albedo,Emissivity,Downward Solar Radiation[J].Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013,(z1):122-131.[梁顺林.GLASS 产品,陆表遥感,叶面积指数,反照率,发射率,下行太阳辐射[J].中国科学院院刊,2013,(z1):122-131.]
[25] Zheng Zhiyuan,Wei Zhigang,Li Zhenchao,et al.Characteristics of Solar Spectral Radiation and Albedo during Early Autumn in Dunhuang Gobi[J].Atmospheric Sciences,2014,38(2):297-308.[郑志远,韦志刚,李振朝,等.敦煌荒漠戈壁地区裸土地表反照率参数化研究[J].大气科学,2014,38(2):297-308.]
[26] Liu J,Kuang W,Zhang Z,et al.Spatiotemporal Characteristics,Patterns,and Causes of Land-use Changes in China Since the Late 1980s[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(2):195-210.
[27] Liu Jiyuan,Zhang Zengxiang,Xu Xinliang et al.Analysis of Spatial Pattern and Driving Forces of Land Use Change in China in the Early 21st Century[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2009,64(12): 1411-1420.[刘纪远,张增祥,徐新良,等.21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力分析[J].地理学报,2009,64(12):1411-1420.]
[28] Liu Jiyuan,Ning Jia,Kuang Wenhui,et al.Temporal and Spatial Patterns and New Features of Land Use Change in China from 2010 to 2015[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2018,73(5):789-802.[刘纪远,宁佳,匡文慧,等.2010～2015年中国土地利用变化的时空格局与新特征[J].地理学报,2018,73(5):789-802.]
[29] Zhang Yamei.Spectral Reflection Spectrum Features and Hyperspectral Imaging Remote Sensing[J].Photoelectric Technology Application,2008,23(5):6-11.[张亚梅.地物反射波谱特征及高光谱成像遥感[J].光电技术应用,2008,23(5):6-11.]
[30] Liu H Z,Wang B M,Fu C B.Relationships between Surface Albedo,Soil Thermal Parameters and Soil Moisture in the Semi-arid Area of Tongyu,Northeastern China[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2008,25(5):757-764.
[31] Guan X D,Huang J P,Guo N,et al.Variability of Soil Moisture and Its Relationship with Surface Albedo and Soil Thermal Parameters over the Loess Plateau[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2009,26(4):692-700.
[32] Chen Xianghong.Preliminary Analysis of the Relationship between Ground Reflectivity and Several Meteorological Factors[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology,1999(3):233-238.[陈向红.地面反射率与若干气象因子关系的初步分析[J].成都信息工程学院学报,1999(3):233-238.]
[33] Liu Shiyin,Ding Yongjian,Li Jing,et al.Response of Glaciers in Western China to Recent Climate Warming[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(5):762-771.[刘时银,丁永建,李晶,等.中国西部冰川对近期气候变暖的响应[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(5):762-771.]
[34] Chen Hongju,Yang Jianping,Tan Chunping.Study on the Response Degree of Glacial Change to Climate Change in China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(1):16-23.[陈虹举,杨建平,谭春萍.中国冰川变化对气候变化的响应程度研究[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(1):16-23.]
[35] Nolin A W,Julienne S.The Changing Albedo of the Greenland Ice Sheet: Implications for Climate Modeling[J].Annals of Glaciology,1997,25:51-57.
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[2] Ranson K J,Irons J R,Daughtry C S T.Surface Albedo from Bidirectional Reflectance[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1991,35(2-3):201-211.
[3] Zuo Dakang,Zhou Yunhua,Xiang Yueqin,et al.Theory and Practice of Modern Geography,Earth Surface Radiation Research[M].Beijing:Science Press,1991.[左大康,周允华,项月琴,等.现代地理学的理论与实践,地球表层辐射研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.]
[4] Zhang Jie,Zhang Qiang.The Relations of Spectrum Reflectance with Inhomogeneous Factors and Albedo Parameterization[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(24):7418-7427.[张杰,张强.影响黄土高原地物光谱反射率的非均匀因子及反照率参数化研究[J].生态学报,2011,31(24):7418-7427.]
[5] Cai Fu,Zhu Qinglin,He Honglin,et al.Estimation and Spatio-Temporal Distribution ofMonthly Mean Surface Albedoin China[J].Resources Science,2005,27(1):114-120.[蔡福,祝青林,何洪林,等.中国月平均地表反照率的估算及其时空分布[J].资源科学,2005,27(1):114-120.]
[6] Rahman S,Rahman H,Keramat M.Study on the Seasonal Changes of Land Cover and Their Impact on Surface Albedo in the Northwestern Part of Bangladesh Using Remote Sensing[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2007,28(5):1001-1022.
[7] Wang Yi,Zhu Bin,Liu Yu,et al.Trend of Surface Albedo Changes in China in Last Decade[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2011,39(2):147-155.[王艺,朱彬,刘煜,等.中国地区近10年地表反照率变化趋势[J].气象科技,2011,39(2):147-155.]
[8] Hannesp S,Davidneil B.Integration of Albedo Effects Caused by Land Use Change into the Climate Balance: Should We Still Account in Greenhouse Gas Units[J].Forest Ecology & Management,2010,260(3):278-286.
[9] Xiao Dengpan,Tao Fulu,Moiwo J P.Research Progress on Surface Albedo under Global Change[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(11):1217-1224.[肖登攀,陶福禄,Moiwo J P.全球变化下地表反照率研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(11):1217-1224.]
[10] Rotenberg E,Yakir D.Contribution of Semi-arid Forests to the Climate System.[J].Science,2010,327(5964):451-454.
[11] Zhai Jun,Liu Ronggao,Liu Jiyuan,et al.Radiative Forcing over China due to Albedo Change Caused by Land Cover Change During 1990-2010[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2013,68(7):875-885.[ 翟俊,刘荣高,刘纪远,等.1990—2010年中国土地覆被变化引起反照率改变的辐射强迫[J].地理学报,2013,68(7):875-885.]
[12] Yao Tong,Zhang Qiang.Study on Land-surface Albedo over Different Types of Underlying Surfaces in North China[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2014,63(8):462-470.[姚彤,张强.我国北方不同类型下垫面地表反照率特征[J].物理学报,2014,63(8):462-470.]
[13] Ma jun-fei,Yang Tai-bao.The Relationship between Land Surface Albedo and Land Use Type:A Case Study of Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Northwest Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2005,41(3):79-83.[马俊飞,杨太保.地表反照率与土地利用类型的关系——以柴达木盆地为例[J].西北师范大学学报:自然科学版,2005,41(3):79-83.]
[14] YangJiaxi,Li Zhenchao,Wei Zhigang,et al.Characteristics of Solar Spectral Radiation and Corresponding Albedoin Sparse Vegetation Region[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2017,38(3):852-859.[杨佳希,李振朝,韦志刚,等.稀疏植被地表分光辐射及其反照率特征研究[J].太阳能学报,2017,38(3):852-859.]
[15] Cao M,Prince S D,Tao B,et al. Regional Pattern and Interannual Variations in Global Terrestrial Carbon Uptake in Response to Changes in Climate and Atmospheric CO2[J].Tellus,2010,57(3):210-217.
[16] Ji Guoliang,Ma Xiaoyan,Zhou Jiling,et al.Characteristics of the Photosynthetically Active Radiation over ZhangYe Region[J].Plateau Meterology,1993,V12(2):141-146.[季国良,马晓燕,邹基玲,等.张掖地区的光合有效辐射特征[J].高原气象,1993,V12(2):141-146.]
[17] Chen Jianwei.Distribution and Change of Surface Reflectivity in China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,1964,(2):3-11.[陈建绥.中国地表反射率的分布及变化[J].地理学报,1964,(2):3-11.]
[18] Davidson A,Wang S.The effects of Sampling Resolution on the Surface Albedos of Dominant Land Cover Types in the North American Boreal Region[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,93(1):211-224.
[19] Liu Q,Wang L,Qu Y,et al.Preliminary Evaluation of the Long-term GLASS Albedo Product[J].International Journal of Digital Earth,2013,6(Sup.1):69-95.
[20] Schaaf C B,Gao F,Strahler A H,et al.First Operational BRDF,Albedo Nadir Reflectance Products from MODIS[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,83(1):135-148.
[21] LiuJiyuan,Yan Wenhui,Zhang Zengxiang,et al.Basic Characteristics and Spatial Patterns of Land Use Change in China Since the End of 1980s.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2014,69(1):3-13.[刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.20 世纪80 年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局.地理报,2014,69(1):3-13.]
[22] Qu Y,Liu Q,Liang S,et al.Direct-Estimation Algorithm for Mapping Daily Land-Surface Broadband Albedo from MODIS Data[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2013,52(2):907-919.
[23] Liu N F,Liu Q,Wang L Z,et al.A Statistics-based Temporal Filter Algorithm to Map Spatiotemporally Continuous Shortwave Albedo from MODIS Data[J].Hydrology & Earth System Sciences,2013,17(6):2121-2129.
[24] Liang Shunlin.Land Surface Remote Sensing,Leaf Area Index,Albedo,Emissivity,Downward Solar Radiation[J].Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013,(z1):122-131.[梁顺林.GLASS 产品,陆表遥感,叶面积指数,反照率,发射率,下行太阳辐射[J].中国科学院院刊,2013,(z1):122-131.]
[25] Zheng Zhiyuan,Wei Zhigang,Li Zhenchao,et al.Characteristics of Solar Spectral Radiation and Albedo during Early Autumn in Dunhuang Gobi[J].Atmospheric Sciences,2014,38(2):297-308.[郑志远,韦志刚,李振朝,等.敦煌荒漠戈壁地区裸土地表反照率参数化研究[J].大气科学,2014,38(2):297-308.]
[26] Liu J,Kuang W,Zhang Z,et al.Spatiotemporal Characteristics,Patterns,and Causes of Land-use Changes in China Since the Late 1980s[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(2):195-210.
[27] Liu Jiyuan,Zhang Zengxiang,Xu Xinliang et al.Analysis of Spatial Pattern and Driving Forces of Land Use Change in China in the Early 21st Century[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2009,64(12): 1411-1420.[刘纪远,张增祥,徐新良,等.21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力分析[J].地理学报,2009,64(12):1411-1420.]
[28] Liu Jiyuan,Ning Jia,Kuang Wenhui,et al.Temporal and Spatial Patterns and New Features of Land Use Change in China from 2010 to 2015[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2018,73(5):789-802.[刘纪远,宁佳,匡文慧,等.2010～2015年中国土地利用变化的时空格局与新特征[J].地理学报,2018,73(5):789-802.]
[29] Zhang Yamei.Spectral Reflection Spectrum Features and Hyperspectral Imaging Remote Sensing[J].Photoelectric Technology Application,2008,23(5):6-11.[张亚梅.地物反射波谱特征及高光谱成像遥感[J].光电技术应用,2008,23(5):6-11.]
[30] Liu H Z,Wang B M,Fu C B.Relationships between Surface Albedo,Soil Thermal Parameters and Soil Moisture in the Semi-arid Area of Tongyu,Northeastern China[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2008,25(5):757-764.
[31] Guan X D,Huang J P,Guo N,et al.Variability of Soil Moisture and Its Relationship with Surface Albedo and Soil Thermal Parameters over the Loess Plateau[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2009,26(4):692-700.
[32] Chen Xianghong.Preliminary Analysis of the Relationship between Ground Reflectivity and Several Meteorological Factors[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Information Technology,1999(3):233-238.[陈向红.地面反射率与若干气象因子关系的初步分析[J].成都信息工程学院学报,1999(3):233-238.]
[33] Liu Shiyin,Ding Yongjian,Li Jing,et al.Response of Glaciers in Western China to Recent Climate Warming[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(5):762-771.[刘时银,丁永建,李晶,等.中国西部冰川对近期气候变暖的响应[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(5):762-771.]
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