藏猪行为学探究
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摘要
藏猪行为学是藏猪适应内外环境变化而形成的一种日常表现行为,关乎藏猪选种选育和饲养管理。本研究对藏猪日常生活习性(活动、卧息、采食、饮水、打斗、排泄、配种、产仔、哺乳、异常)的观察结果进行了一系列的数据统计与分析。结果表明:(1)夜晚保育猪活动与卧息的时间与种公猪、哺乳母猪存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。(2)藏猪的饮食具有选择性和竞争性,采食和饮水往往同时进行,保育猪采食时间显著高于哺乳母猪和种公猪(P<0.05),且哺乳母猪全天的饮水次数要显著高于保育猪和种公猪(P<0.05)。(3)种公猪的打斗次数显著高于保育猪(P<0.05)。(4)哺乳母猪在哺乳前期与中后期的哺乳方式和哺乳时间差异显著(P<0.05)。藏猪的行为特性受到养殖模式和生存环境的影响,但同时也决定了藏猪饲养工艺和圈舍的设计。本研究为藏猪的良种选育和饲养管理提供了科学的理论依据。
Tibetan pig behavior is a kind of daily behavior which formed by Tibetan pigs adapting to the changes of internal and external environment, and it is related to breeding and management of Tibetan pigs. A series of data statistics and analysis on the observation results of the daily living habits(activity, sleeping, feeding, drinking, fighting, excretion, mating, breeding, lactation and abnormality) in Tibetan pigs were made in this study. The results showed that:(1) there was a significant difference between the time of keeping pigs and the rest of the night and the breeding of boars and suckling sows(P<0.01);(2) the diet of Tibetan pigs was selective and competitive, and the feeding and drinking of Tibetan pigs were often carried out at the same time, but the feeding time of conservation pigs was significantly longer than that of lactating sows and breeding boars(P<0.05);(3) the number of fights in boar breeding was significantly higher than that in conservation pigs(P<0.05);(4)lactation sows had significant differences in breastfeeding and breastfeeding time between pre-and post-feeding(P<0.05). The behavioral characteristics of Tibetan pigs were influenced by the breeding mode and living environment, but they also determined the breeding techniques and the design of house for Tibetan pig. This study provided a scientific theoretical basis for the breeding and breeding management of Tibetan pigs by exploring the behavior of Tibetan pigs.
Tibetan pig behavior is a kind of daily behavior which formed by Tibetan pigs adapting to the changes of internal and external environment, and it is related to breeding and management of Tibetan pigs. A series of data statistics and analysis on the observation results of the daily living habits(activity, sleeping, feeding, drinking, fighting, excretion, mating, breeding, lactation and abnormality) in Tibetan pigs were made in this study. The results showed that:(1) there was a significant difference between the time of keeping pigs and the rest of the night and the breeding of boars and suckling sows(P<0.01);(2) the diet of Tibetan pigs was selective and competitive, and the feeding and drinking of Tibetan pigs were often carried out at the same time, but the feeding time of conservation pigs was significantly longer than that of lactating sows and breeding boars(P<0.05);(3) the number of fights in boar breeding was significantly higher than that in conservation pigs(P<0.05);(4)lactation sows had significant differences in breastfeeding and breastfeeding time between pre-and post-feeding(P<0.05). The behavioral characteristics of Tibetan pigs were influenced by the breeding mode and living environment, but they also determined the breeding techniques and the design of house for Tibetan pig. This study provided a scientific theoretical basis for the breeding and breeding management of Tibetan pigs by exploring the behavior of Tibetan pigs.
引文
[1]强巴央宗,谢庄,田发益.高原藏猪现状与保种策略[J].中国畜牧杂志,2001,(06):46-47.
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[4]Hai-tao Xiong,Yan-hua Gao,Dan Liu,Yi-zhen Wang,Hua-hua Du.High level of hepcidin mRNA expression is associated with high production of immune factors in Tibetan pigs[J].Livestock Science,2015,171.
[5]康健.藏猪行为学观察及规模养殖工艺研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[6]Ai Huashui,Huang Lusheng,Ren Jun.Genetic diversity,linkage disequilibrium and selection signatures in chinese and Western pigs revealed by genome-wide SNPmarkers.[J].PLoS One,2013,8(2):e56001.
[7]刘开容,肖传明,唐定权.香猪的行为特性研究[J].家畜生态,1995,(04):26-31.
[8]肖西山,付静涛,雷莉辉等.藏猪在北京的行为学观察[J].中国猪业,2012,7(12):32-33.
[9]肖西山,付静涛,雷利辉等.藏猪在北京的适应性研究[J].北京农业职业学院学报,2012,26(06):19-23.
[10]王宏辉,王昆山,李瑜鑫等.藏猪在舍饲条件下的行为观察[J].家畜生态,2002,(02):32-34.
[11]李立芳,刘孟洲.人工饲养条件下合作猪行为学的观察[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005,(02):57-58.
[12]包军.应用动物行为学与动物福利[J].家畜生态,1997,(02):38-44.
[2]孔小艳,苟潇,马腾等藏猪低氧适应的血液生理指标研究[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2014,29(02):297-300.
[3]普布次仁.藏猪生产性能及行为特征研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[4]Hai-tao Xiong,Yan-hua Gao,Dan Liu,Yi-zhen Wang,Hua-hua Du.High level of hepcidin mRNA expression is associated with high production of immune factors in Tibetan pigs[J].Livestock Science,2015,171.
[5]康健.藏猪行为学观察及规模养殖工艺研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[6]Ai Huashui,Huang Lusheng,Ren Jun.Genetic diversity,linkage disequilibrium and selection signatures in chinese and Western pigs revealed by genome-wide SNPmarkers.[J].PLoS One,2013,8(2):e56001.
[7]刘开容,肖传明,唐定权.香猪的行为特性研究[J].家畜生态,1995,(04):26-31.
[8]肖西山,付静涛,雷莉辉等.藏猪在北京的行为学观察[J].中国猪业,2012,7(12):32-33.
[9]肖西山,付静涛,雷利辉等.藏猪在北京的适应性研究[J].北京农业职业学院学报,2012,26(06):19-23.
[10]王宏辉,王昆山,李瑜鑫等.藏猪在舍饲条件下的行为观察[J].家畜生态,2002,(02):32-34.
[11]李立芳,刘孟洲.人工饲养条件下合作猪行为学的观察[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005,(02):57-58.
[12]包军.应用动物行为学与动物福利[J].家畜生态,1997,(02):38-44.