天山森林植物功能性状与碳库沿海拔梯度的变化
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摘要
植物功能性状是能够将植物个体特征、群落结构和生态系统功能结合起来的良好载体,但关于在环境梯度上如何通过植物功能性状的连续变化来构建群落、以及植物功能性状如何反映生态系统功能等问题尚有较多疑问。为探讨天山森林植物功能性状与其碳库在海拔梯度上的联系,分析了14个群落尺度上的植物功能性状指标和各组分碳密度沿海拔的变化规律及二者之间的关系。结果表明:(1)受海拔梯度上环境因子的影响,群落尺度上植物功能性状和碳密度的垂直分布并不一致:随海拔升高,叶片碳氮比(C/N)逐渐上升,叶片碳含量(C_(leaf))、比根长(SRL)和植株高度(H)升高后降低,叶绿素含量(Chl)、细根磷含量(P_(root))、叶片氮磷比(N/P)逐渐下降,细根碳含量(C_(root))先升高后趋于平缓,细根氮含量(N_(root))先下降后又有所回升,叶片氮含量(N_(leaf))、木质素含量(LLC)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)、细根干物质含量(RDMC)在各海拔段间无显著差异;(2)比根长(SRL)和植株高度(H)通过影响资源的获取和利用,C与P通过对养分的限制和在器官中的分配,从而影响植被光合作用,与天山森林碳密度显著相关;高木质素含量(LLC)导致植物残体分解速率变慢而与土壤碳密度(SCD)和群落总碳密度(TCD)呈显著负相关关系。随海拔升高,植被碳密度(VCD)先升后降,土壤碳密度(SCD)和总碳密度(TCD)逐渐升高。植物功能性状与环境因子和森林的结构功能相互作用、相互影响,三者之间的关系还需在大尺度上进一步验证。
Plant functional traits are important characteristics for understanding the relationship between individual,community,and ecosystem functions.In the present study,we established 43 sample sets to examine 12 types of plant functional traits and corresponding carbon density information at the community scale.The objective of this work was to determine the internal relationship between the adaptive variation in functional traits and the carbon density of forest communities along an elevation gradient.The results show that at a higher altitude,the carbon to nitrogen ratio(C/N)in leaves increased linearly,whereas carbon content(C_(leaf)),specific root length(SRL),and height(H)initially increased and then decreased.Chlorophyll content(Chl)and fine root phosphorus content(P_(root))decreased with elevation and fine root carbon content(C_(root))initially increased and then flattened out with altitude.Fine root nitrogen content(N_(root))initially decreased and then increased,whereas leaf nitrogen content(N_(leaf)),lignin content(LLC),and fine root dry matter content(RDMC)showed no significant difference with altitude.SRL,H,the content of C,P in leaf and root showed significant correlations with vegetation carbon density(VCD)and soil carbon density(SCD)in the Tianshan forest,as they have influential effects on the photosynthesis of vegetation,in which SRL and H could affect plants resource acquisition and utilization,whereas C and P would limit nutrient availability.There was a negative correlation between LLC and SCD in the Tianshan forest,as LLC would limit the decomposition rate of plant residue.VCD initially increased and then decreased,whereas SCD and total carbon density(TCD)increased gradually with altitude.Plant functional traits interact with environmental factors and forest structure functions at multi-ecological levels,and the relationship between the three components needs to be validated on a large scale.
Plant functional traits are important characteristics for understanding the relationship between individual,community,and ecosystem functions.In the present study,we established 43 sample sets to examine 12 types of plant functional traits and corresponding carbon density information at the community scale.The objective of this work was to determine the internal relationship between the adaptive variation in functional traits and the carbon density of forest communities along an elevation gradient.The results show that at a higher altitude,the carbon to nitrogen ratio(C/N)in leaves increased linearly,whereas carbon content(C_(leaf)),specific root length(SRL),and height(H)initially increased and then decreased.Chlorophyll content(Chl)and fine root phosphorus content(P_(root))decreased with elevation and fine root carbon content(C_(root))initially increased and then flattened out with altitude.Fine root nitrogen content(N_(root))initially decreased and then increased,whereas leaf nitrogen content(N_(leaf)),lignin content(LLC),and fine root dry matter content(RDMC)showed no significant difference with altitude.SRL,H,the content of C,P in leaf and root showed significant correlations with vegetation carbon density(VCD)and soil carbon density(SCD)in the Tianshan forest,as they have influential effects on the photosynthesis of vegetation,in which SRL and H could affect plants resource acquisition and utilization,whereas C and P would limit nutrient availability.There was a negative correlation between LLC and SCD in the Tianshan forest,as LLC would limit the decomposition rate of plant residue.VCD initially increased and then decreased,whereas SCD and total carbon density(TCD)increased gradually with altitude.Plant functional traits interact with environmental factors and forest structure functions at multi-ecological levels,and the relationship between the three components needs to be validated on a large scale.
引文
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[26]陈曦,许文强,罗格平,蔺卿,肖鲁湘.天山北坡不同环境条件下雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)林限土壤属性.生态学报,2008,28(1):53-61.
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[2]Kumar J,Pratap A,Kumar S.Phenomics in Crop Plants:Trends,Options and Limitations.India:Springer,2015.
[3]Li R H,Zhu S D,Chen H Y H,John R,Zhou G Y,Zhang D Q,Zhang Q M,Ye Q.Are functional traits a good predictor of global change impacts on tree species abundance dynamics in a subtropical forest?Ecology Letters,2015,18(11):1181-1189.
[4]Lebrija-Trejos E,Pérez-García E A,Meave J A,Bongers F,Poorter L.Functional traits and environmental filtering drive community assembly in a species-rich tropical system.Ecology,2010,91(2):386-398.
[5]李丹,康萨如拉,赵梦颖,张庆,任海娟,任婧,周俊梅,王珍,吴仁吉,牛建明.内蒙古羊草草原不同退化阶段土壤养分与植物功能性状的关系.植物生态学报,2016,40(10):991-1002.
[6]龚时慧,温仲明,施宇.延河流域植物群落功能性状对环境梯度的响应,生态学报.2011,31(20):6088-6097.
[7]卜文圣,臧润国,丁易,张俊艳,阮云泽.海南岛热带低地雨林植物群落水平功能性状与环境因子相关性随演替阶段的变化.生物多样性,2013,21(3):278-287.
[8]Vile D,Shipley B,Garnier E.Ecosystem productivity can be predicted from potential relative growth rate and species abundance.Ecology Letters,2006,9(9):1061-1067.
[9]Pérez-Ramos I M,Roumet C,Cruz P,Blanchard A,Autran P,Garnier E.Evidence for a‘plant community economics spectrum’driven by nutrient and water limitations in a Mediterranean rangeland of southern France.Journal of Ecology,2012,100(6):1315-1327.
[10]王瑞丽,于贵瑞,何念鹏,王秋凤,赵宁,徐志伟.中国森林叶片功能属性的纬度格局及其影响因素.地理学报,2015,70(11):1735-1746.
[11]李艳忠,罗格平,许文强,尹昌应,韩其飞,冯异星.天山北坡三工河流域中山带森林发育与气候土壤的关系.山地学报,2011,29(1):33-42.
[12]潘学鹏,吴喜芳,沈彦俊,刘峰贵,张存桂.三江并流河源区植被覆盖度对气候要素的响应.山地学报,2015,33(2):218-226.
[13]辛福梅,刘济铭,杨小林,赵垦田.色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉叶片及细根性状随海拔的变异特征.生态学报,2017,37(8):2719-2728.
[14]胡启鹏,郭志华,孙玲玲,王彬.长白山林线树种岳桦幼树叶功能型性状随海拔梯度的变化.生态学报,2013,33(12):3594-3601.
[15]马闯,张文辉,吴敏,马莉薇,周建云,薛瑶芹.栓皮栎幼苗根系发育对环境异质性的响应.林业科学,2013,49(10):58-65.
[16]刘玉平,刘贵峰,达福白乙拉,程伟燕,陈志婧,姜丽丽.地形因子对大青沟自然保护区不同森林群落叶性状的影响.林业科学,2017,53(3):154-162.
[17]Loiola P P,Scherer-Lorenzen M,Batalha M A.The role of environmental filters and functional traits in predicting the root biomass and productivity in savannas and tropical seasonal forests.Forest Ecology and Management,2015,342:49-55.
[18]谢锦,常顺利,张毓涛,王慧杰,宋成程,何平,孙雪娇.天山北坡植物土壤生态化学计量特征的垂直地带性.生态学报,2016,36(14):4363-4372.
[19]张慧文,马剑英,孙伟,陈发虎.不同海拔天山云杉叶功能性状及其与土壤因子的关系.生态学报,2010,30(21):5747-5758.
[20]杨锐,张博睿,王玲玲,杨建军,苏文华,张光飞,杨波,周睿.元谋干热河谷植物功能性状组合的海拔梯度响应.生态环境学报,2015,24(1):49-56.
[21]徐琨,李芳兰,苟水燕,包维楷.岷江干旱河谷25种植物一年生植株根系功能性状及相互关系.生态学报,2012,32(1):215-225.
[22]黄海侠.植物功能性状对森林生态系统服务功能的指示[D].上海:华东师范大学,2014.
[23]Woodwell G M,Whittaker R H,Reiners W A,Likens G E,Delwiche C C,Botkin D B.The biota and the world carbon budget.Science,1978,199(4325):141-146.
[24]王兴昌,王传宽.森林生态系统碳循环的基本概念和野外测定方法评述.生态学报,2015,35(13):4241-4256.
[25]Manning P,de Vries F T,Tallowin J R B,Smith R,Mortimer S R,Pilgrim E S,Harrison K A,Wright D G,Quirk H,Benson J,Shipley B,Cornelissen J H C,Kattge J,B9nisch G,Wirth C,Bardgett R D.Simple measures of climate,soil properties and plant traits predict national-scale grassland soil carbon stocks.Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,52(5):1188-1196.
[26]陈曦,许文强,罗格平,蔺卿,肖鲁湘.天山北坡不同环境条件下雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)林限土壤属性.生态学报,2008,28(1):53-61.
[27]阿米娜木·艾力,常顺利,张毓涛,仇瑶,何平.天山云杉森林土壤有机碳沿海拔的分布规律及其影响因素.生态学报,2014,34(7):1626-1634.
[28]仇瑶,常顺利,张毓涛,王文栋,何平,王慧杰,谢锦.天山林区六种灌木生物量的建模及其器官分配的适应性.生态学报,2015,35(23):7842-7851.
[29]Moretti M,Dias A T C,de Bello F,Altermatt F,Chown S L,Azcárate F M,Bell J R,Fournier B,Hedde M,Hortal J,Ibanez S,ckinger E,Sousa J P,Ellers J,Berg M P.Handbook of protocols for standardized measurement of terrestrial invertebrate functional traits.Functional Ecology,2016,31(3):558-567.
[30]王文栋,白志强,阿里木·买买提,刘端,郭忠军.天山林区6种优势种灌木林生物量比较及估测模型.生态学报,2016,36(9):2695-2704.
[31]许文强,杨辽,陈曦,高亚琪,王蕾.天山森林生态系统碳储量格局及其影响因素.植物生态学报,2016,40(4):364-373.
[32]方精云,刘国华,朱彪,王效科,刘绍辉.北京东灵山三种温带森林生态系统的碳循环.中国科学D辑地球科学,2006,36(6):533-543.
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