日粮中添加藜麦秸秆对奶牛生产性能和血清生化指标的影响
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摘要
为研究日粮中添加藜麦秸秆对奶牛生产性能和血清生化指标的影响,试验根据胎次相同,产犊时间、体重、产奶量相近的原则,选择16头中国荷斯坦奶牛作为试验牛。采用单因子随机试验设计,随机分为4组,每组4头牛,分别饲喂4种不同比例藜麦秸秆的全混合日粮(TMR)。藜麦秸秆的干物质(DM)添加比例分别为0%(Ⅰ组),5%(Ⅱ组),10%(Ⅲ组),15%(Ⅳ组)。预试期10 d,正式期60 d。结果表明:试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的产奶量、4%标准乳产量显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P <0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的产奶量分别比试验Ⅰ组高6.58%和6.87%,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的4%标准乳分别比试验Ⅰ组高5.37%和10.61%;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的乳脂率、乳糖率、乳蛋白率和乳总固形物差异均不显著(P> 0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组葡萄糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、尿素氮、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶差异均不显著(P> 0.05)。综上所述,奶牛日粮中添加藜麦秸秆能提高其产奶量,对血清生化指标无不利影响。
The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of dietary quinoa straw on performance and serum biochemical indexes in dairy cows.According to the same birth rate,the principle of similar birth time,similar weight,and similar milk production,16 cows were selected as test cows.Using single-factor randomized trial design,it was randomly divided into 4 groups of 4 cows each,and 4 kinds of total mixed diets(TMR) of quinoa straw in different proportions were feed.The dry matter(DM) addition ratios of quinoa straw were 0%(Group Ⅰ),5%(Group Ⅱ),10%(Group Ⅲ) and 15%(Group Ⅳ).The pretrial lasted for 10 d,and the trial lasted for 60 d.The results showed as follows: The milk yield and 4% standard milk of group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ were higher(P < 0.05) than the group Ⅰ,the milk production of group II and group Ⅲ were 6.58% and 6.87%higher than that of group Ⅰ,respectively,the 4% standard milk of group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were 5.37% and10.61% higher than that of group Ⅰ,respectively.There was no significant difference(P > 0.05) between groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and group Ⅳ in the milk fat percentage,lactose percentage,milk protein percentage and total milk solid. There was no significant difference(P > 0.05) between groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ in the the apparent digestibility of crnde protein(CP),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and neutral detergent fiber(NDF).There was no significant difference(P > 0.05) between all the test group about the content of glucose,triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein,blood urea nitrogen,total protein,albumin,globulin,tlutamic-pyruvic transaminase,glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase.The experiment suggested that the addition of quinoa straw to dairy cows diet could increase milk yield,and there was no adverse effect on serum biochemical indexes of dairy cows.
The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of dietary quinoa straw on performance and serum biochemical indexes in dairy cows.According to the same birth rate,the principle of similar birth time,similar weight,and similar milk production,16 cows were selected as test cows.Using single-factor randomized trial design,it was randomly divided into 4 groups of 4 cows each,and 4 kinds of total mixed diets(TMR) of quinoa straw in different proportions were feed.The dry matter(DM) addition ratios of quinoa straw were 0%(Group Ⅰ),5%(Group Ⅱ),10%(Group Ⅲ) and 15%(Group Ⅳ).The pretrial lasted for 10 d,and the trial lasted for 60 d.The results showed as follows: The milk yield and 4% standard milk of group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ were higher(P < 0.05) than the group Ⅰ,the milk production of group II and group Ⅲ were 6.58% and 6.87%higher than that of group Ⅰ,respectively,the 4% standard milk of group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were 5.37% and10.61% higher than that of group Ⅰ,respectively.There was no significant difference(P > 0.05) between groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and group Ⅳ in the milk fat percentage,lactose percentage,milk protein percentage and total milk solid. There was no significant difference(P > 0.05) between groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ in the the apparent digestibility of crnde protein(CP),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and neutral detergent fiber(NDF).There was no significant difference(P > 0.05) between all the test group about the content of glucose,triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein,blood urea nitrogen,total protein,albumin,globulin,tlutamic-pyruvic transaminase,glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase.The experiment suggested that the addition of quinoa straw to dairy cows diet could increase milk yield,and there was no adverse effect on serum biochemical indexes of dairy cows.
引文
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[18] Van soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.M ethods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583~3597.
[2]郝怀志,董俊,何振富,等.藜麦茎秆对肉牛生产性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国草食动物科学,2017,37(5)26~31.
[3]胡江,王毅,赵芳芳,等.秸秆制粒对肉牛反刍、消化、瘤胃发酵及体增重的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(10):163~170.
[4]黄杰,杨发荣,李敏权,等.13个藜麦材料在甘肃临夏旱作区适应性的初步评价[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):191~201.
[5]李典,李发弟,张养东,等.马铃薯淀粉渣-玉米秸秆混合青贮料对肉羊生产性能,瘤胃内环境和血液生化指标的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(5):47~54.
[6]刘敏国,杨倩,杨梅,等.藜麦的饲用潜力及适应性[J].草业科学,2017,34(6):1264~1271.
[7]刘爽.日粮能量、蛋白水平对架子牛生产性能和血液指标的影响:[硕士学位论文][D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.
[8]孟杰.几种农副产品饲料的化学成分、能量价值和饲喂肉牛的生长性能与肉品质比较:[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国农业大学,2014:31~32.
[9]潘军,曹玉凤,吕超,等.菌糠对肉牛生长性能和血液生理生化指标的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(1):21~28.
[10]汤少勋,姜海林,周传社,等.不同品种牧草间组合时体外产气发酵特性研究[J].草业学报,2006,15(1):68~75.
[11]唐振华,周玲,邹彩霞,等.青贮甘蔗尾、青贮玉米秸秆对生长水牛生长性能、消化代谢及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(1):92~100.
[12]薛丰,杜晋平,解祥学,等.玉米和玉米青贮日粮添加赖氨酸对肉牛生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(19):38~41.
[13]张继才,和占星,杨世平,等.BMY牛不同生长阶段血液理化指标的检测[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(29):66~70.
[14]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.
[15]周娟,潘振亮,杨焕民.饲料纤维素酶的研究与应用[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2007,28(1):50~53.
[16] Cardozo A,Choque V.El tallo de quinua en la alimentación de ovinos[J].Convención de Quenopodiáceas,Puno,Perú:UniversidadNacional Técnica del Altiplano,1968:119~127.
[17] Patrón R,Soikes O R.Empleo de las pajas de quinua y cebada en el engorde intensivo de ovinos con suplementación de antibióticos[J].Convención de Quenopodiáceas,Puno,Perú:Universidad Nacional Técnica del Altiplano,1968:129~145.
[18] Van soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.M ethods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583~3597.