脲醛缓释肥料棒氮素缓释特性研究
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摘要
以脲醛缓释肥料棒为研究对象,测定了其密度、压缩比以及抗压强度,并通过室内间歇式土柱淋溶试验,研究了脲醛缓释肥料棒氮素淋出特性及其氮素累积淋出率曲线方程拟合。结果表明,随着脲甲醛用量增加,缓释肥料棒密度、压缩比及抗压强度逐渐减小;脲醛缓释肥料棒可明显减少氮素淋失,随着脲甲醛用量增加,氮素累积淋出率减小,并且一级动力学方程对脲醛缓释肥料棒的氮素累积淋出率曲线拟合效果最佳(r=0.967**~0.998**,SE=0.94%~3.85%),可用于表征氮素累积淋出率与时间的关系。第42 d淋溶时,脲甲醛氮量占缓释肥料棒总氮0、25%、50%、75%的脲醛缓释肥料棒FR、UFR1、UFR2、UFR3的氮素累积淋出率分别较普通肥料减少了21.93%、49.46%、61.34%、82.90%。表明脲醛缓释肥料对氮素具有较好的缓释效果,且随着脲甲醛用量增加,缓释作用增强。
With urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer rods as the research object,its density,compression ratio and compressive strength were measured,the nitrogen leaching characteristics was studied and the fitting effect of nitrogen accumulated leaching rate was simulated by intermittent soil column leaching experiment. The results showed that with the increasing of urea formaldehyde,the density,compression ratio and compressive strength decreased. The urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer rods obviously reduced nitrogen leaching,and the nitrogen accumulated leaching rate decreased with the increasing of urea formaldehyde. Nitrogen accumulated leaching rate curve could be best simulated by first order kinetics equation(r = 0. 967**~ 0. 998**,SE = 0. 94% ~ 3. 85%). Compared to ordinary fertilizer,the nitrogen accumulated leaching rate of FR,UFR1,UFR2,UFR3( urea-formaldehyde nitrogen accounts for 0,25%,50%,75% of total nitrogen in slow release fertilizers,respectively) decreased by 21. 93%,49. 46%,61. 34%,82. 90% at the 42 nd days,respectively. They indicated that urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer rods had good effect on nitrogen slow release,and with the increasing of urea formaldehyde,the slow-release effect increased.
With urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer rods as the research object,its density,compression ratio and compressive strength were measured,the nitrogen leaching characteristics was studied and the fitting effect of nitrogen accumulated leaching rate was simulated by intermittent soil column leaching experiment. The results showed that with the increasing of urea formaldehyde,the density,compression ratio and compressive strength decreased. The urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer rods obviously reduced nitrogen leaching,and the nitrogen accumulated leaching rate decreased with the increasing of urea formaldehyde. Nitrogen accumulated leaching rate curve could be best simulated by first order kinetics equation(r = 0. 967**~ 0. 998**,SE = 0. 94% ~ 3. 85%). Compared to ordinary fertilizer,the nitrogen accumulated leaching rate of FR,UFR1,UFR2,UFR3( urea-formaldehyde nitrogen accounts for 0,25%,50%,75% of total nitrogen in slow release fertilizers,respectively) decreased by 21. 93%,49. 46%,61. 34%,82. 90% at the 42 nd days,respectively. They indicated that urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer rods had good effect on nitrogen slow release,and with the increasing of urea formaldehyde,the slow-release effect increased.
引文
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[2]Cushman K E,Sato S,Morgan K T.Release mechanisms for slow-and controlled-release fertilizers and strategies for their use in vegetable production[J].Hort Technology,2009,19(1):10-12.
[3]Azeem B,Ku Shaari K Z,Man Z B,et al.Review on materials&methods to produce controlled release coated urea fertilizer[J].Journal of Controlled Release,2014,181:11-21.
[4]吕云峰.脲甲醛缓释肥料[J].磷肥与复肥,2009,24(6):8-10.
[5]段路路,范宾,王寅,等.脲醛缓释肥料红外光谱分析及养分释放特性研究[J].化肥工业,2010,37(3):16-22.
[6]曲均峰.脲醛肥料研究现状[J].化肥工业,2013,40(5):24-27.
[7]张文辉,丁巍巍,张勇,等.脲甲醛缓释肥料的研究进展[J].化工进展,2011,30(增刊):437-441.
[8]黄丽娜,魏守兴.脲甲醛肥料合成及应用研究现状[J].农学学报,2015,5(7):76-80.
[9]张景振.脲甲醛肥料研制及效果研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[10]刘海林,王家宝,雷菲,等.缓释肥料棒氮钾缓释特性研究[J].热带作物学报,2016,37(10):1889-1893.
[11]吴庆伟.大颗粒缓控释肥料的研制与评价[D].郑州:郑州大学,2012.
[12]王家宝,郑国亮,刘海林,等.聚丙烯酰胺对橡胶树专用肥养分淋出特性的影响[J].热带作物学报,2016,37(1):20-25.
[13]王龙宇,郑国亮,华元刚,等.保水剂对橡胶树专用肥氮钾淋出特性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):212-218.
[14]员学锋,汪有科,吴普特,等.聚丙烯酰胺减少土壤养分的淋溶损失研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(5):929-934.
[15]Lentz R D,Sojka R E,Robbins C W.Reducing phosphorus losses from surface-irrigated fields:emerging polyacrylamide technology[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1998,27(2):305-312.