等高反坡阶对滇中云南松林下碳储量及增量分配格局的影响
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摘要
通过标准地调查和生物量实测相结合的方法,对布设等高反坡阶后滇中云南松林林下植被层和土壤层碳储量进行了估算,并分析了8 a后各层碳增量及分配格局。结果表明:(1)布设等高反坡阶后灌木叶、已分解凋落物及土壤层碳含量显著高于对照,对照和布设等高反坡阶处理下灌木层、草本层、凋落物层及土壤层碳含量变幅分别为441.2～484.4 g/kg,371.0～433.6 g/kg,70.4～458.5 g/kg,4.1～20.0 g/kg;(2)不同处理下林下植被层中凋落物层生物量最高,其次为灌木层、草本层,等高反坡阶处理下灌木层、草本层、凋落物层的生物量分别比对照显著高出8.17%,13.24%,9.29%,布设等高反坡阶显著提高了林下植被各层生物量;(3)林下植被层和土壤层碳储量表现为土壤层>凋落物层>灌木层>草本层,碳增量则表现为土壤层>凋落物层>草本层>灌木层,等高反坡阶处理下灌木层(高11.64%)、草本层(高15.63%)与土壤层(高50.74%)碳储量皆高于对照,灌木层、草本层、凋落物及土壤层碳增量与对照相比则分别增加了28.21%,27.17%,15.54%,34.92%。等高反坡阶可有效促进植物生长,提高林下植被层及土壤层碳储量的积累,因此人工造林时可因地制宜适度应用等高反坡阶措施,加快当地碳库及生态环境的恢复速率,提高云南松生态系统的生产能力。
Through the combination of standard survey and biomass measurement, the carbon storage of the undergrowth vegetation layer and soil layer of Yunnan pine forest under contour reverse-slope terrace was estimated, and the carbon increase of each layer after 8 years was analyzed. The results showed that:(1) The contents of carbon in shrub leaves, decomposed litter and soil layer under contour reverse-slope terrace were significantly higher than that of the control; and the carbon contents of shrub layer, herb layer, litter layer and soil layer under the control and contour reverse-slope terrace were 441.2～484.4 g/kg,371.0～433.6 g/kg,70.4～458.5 g/kg,4.1～20.0 g/kg, respectively;(2) the litter layer biomass in the understory vegetation layer was the highest under different treatments, followed by the shrub layer and the herb layer; the biomass of the shrub layer, the herb layer and the litter layer under contour reverse-slope terrace were significantly 8.17%, 13.24%, 9.29% higher than the control. respectively; the biomass of each layer of undergrowth vegetation layer significantly increased;(3) the carbon storage of understory vegetation layer and soil layer decreased in the order: soil layer>litter layer>shrub layer>herb layer; and carbon increment decreased in the order: soil layer>litter layer>herb Layer>shrub layer; carbon storage of shrub layer, herb layer and soil layer) was 11.64%, 15.63%, 50.74% higher than that of the control, respectively; the soil carbon increment in the shrub layer, herb layer, litter layer and soil layer increased by 28.21%, 27.17%, 15.54% and 34.92%, respectively. The measurement of contour reverse-slope terrace can effectively promote plant growth and increase the accumulation of carbon storage in the understory vegetation layer and soil layer. Therefore, it is possible to apply appropriate contour reverse-slope terrace measures in accordance with local conditions during the afforestation to accelerate the recovery of local carbon pools and ecological environment, and increase the production capacity of the Yunnan pine ecosystem.
Through the combination of standard survey and biomass measurement, the carbon storage of the undergrowth vegetation layer and soil layer of Yunnan pine forest under contour reverse-slope terrace was estimated, and the carbon increase of each layer after 8 years was analyzed. The results showed that:(1) The contents of carbon in shrub leaves, decomposed litter and soil layer under contour reverse-slope terrace were significantly higher than that of the control; and the carbon contents of shrub layer, herb layer, litter layer and soil layer under the control and contour reverse-slope terrace were 441.2～484.4 g/kg,371.0～433.6 g/kg,70.4～458.5 g/kg,4.1～20.0 g/kg, respectively;(2) the litter layer biomass in the understory vegetation layer was the highest under different treatments, followed by the shrub layer and the herb layer; the biomass of the shrub layer, the herb layer and the litter layer under contour reverse-slope terrace were significantly 8.17%, 13.24%, 9.29% higher than the control. respectively; the biomass of each layer of undergrowth vegetation layer significantly increased;(3) the carbon storage of understory vegetation layer and soil layer decreased in the order: soil layer>litter layer>shrub layer>herb layer; and carbon increment decreased in the order: soil layer>litter layer>herb Layer>shrub layer; carbon storage of shrub layer, herb layer and soil layer) was 11.64%, 15.63%, 50.74% higher than that of the control, respectively; the soil carbon increment in the shrub layer, herb layer, litter layer and soil layer increased by 28.21%, 27.17%, 15.54% and 34.92%, respectively. The measurement of contour reverse-slope terrace can effectively promote plant growth and increase the accumulation of carbon storage in the understory vegetation layer and soil layer. Therefore, it is possible to apply appropriate contour reverse-slope terrace measures in accordance with local conditions during the afforestation to accelerate the recovery of local carbon pools and ecological environment, and increase the production capacity of the Yunnan pine ecosystem.
引文
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[2] Piao S,Fang J,Ciais P,et al.The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China[J].Nature,2010,458(7241):1009-1013.
[3] 周玉荣,于振良,赵士洞.我国主要森林生态系统碳贮量和碳平衡[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(5):518-522.
[4] Houghton R A.Aboveground forest biomass and the global carbon balance[J].Global Change Biology,2005,11(6):945-958.
[5] 胡海清,罗碧珍,魏书精,等.大兴安岭5种典型林型森林生物碳储量[J].生态学报,2015,35(17):5745-5760.
[6] Li Y,Zhou G,Huang W,et al.Potential effects of warming on soil respiration and carbon sequestration in a subtropical forest[J].Plant & Soil,2016,409(1/2):1-11.
[7] 王华,苏樑,宋同清,等.广西不同林龄硬阔林生态系统碳储量及其分配格局[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(6):1465-1472.
[8] 明安刚,刘世荣,莫慧华,等.南亚热带红锥、杉木纯林与混交林碳贮量比较[J].生态学报,2016,36(1):244-251.
[9] 余蓉,项文化,宁晨,等.长沙市4种人工林生态系统碳储量与分布特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3500-3509.
[10] 许文强,杨辽,陈曦,等.天山森林生态系统碳储量格局及其影响因素[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(4):364-373.
[11] 刘淑琴,夏朝宗,冯薇,等.西藏森林植被乔木层碳储量与碳密度估算[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(10):3127-3134.
[12] 王萍,王克勤,李太兴,等.反坡水平阶对坡耕地径流和泥沙的调控作用[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1261-1267.
[13] 陈敏全,王克勤.等.高反坡阶对坡耕地土壤碳库的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(6):41-46,52.
[14] 王帅兵,王克勤,宋娅丽,等.等高反坡阶对昆明市松华坝水源区坡耕地氮、磷流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):39-45.
[15] 武军,王克勤,华锦欣.松华坝水源区等高反坡阶对坡耕地雨季土壤水分空间分布的影响[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):57-60.
[16] 华锦欣,王克勤,张香群,等.昆明松华坝水源区等高反坡阶对坡耕地土壤磷含量的影响研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(3):76-81.
[17] ZHANG Bowen.Plant root research methods and trends[J].Agricultural Science & Technology,2017,18(12):2295-2298,2302.
[18] 蔡红梅,汪孟丽,田子玉.总有机碳分析仪测定有机肥料中有机碳含量[J].现代农业科技,2018(2):195-200.
[19] 邵月红,潘剑君,许信旺,等.浅谈土壤有机碳密度及储量的估算方法[J].土壤通报,2006,37(5):1007-1011.
[20] 宋娅丽,韩海荣,康峰峰.山西太岳山不同林龄油松林生物量及碳储量研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):29-33.
[21] Pablo P,Yamina R,Brenton L,et al.Modelling soil carbon content in south patagonia and evaluating changes according to climate,vegetation,desertification and grazing[J].Sustainability,2018,10(2).DOI:10.3390/su10020438.
[22] J.A.B.Ordóňez,B.H.J.de Jong,F.García-Oliva,et al.Carbon content in vegetation,litter,and soil under 10 different land-use and land-cover classes in the Central Highlands of Michoacan,Mexico[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255(7):2074-2084.
[23] 郑拴丽,许文强,杨辽,等.新疆阿尔泰山森林生态系统碳密度与碳储量估算[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(9):1553-1563.
[24] 严理,刘晓璐,秦武明,等.广西百色细叶云南松天然林生物量研究[J].西部林业科学,2014,43(3):134-138.
[25] 余茂源.云南松种质资源与遗传多样性研究进展[J].林业调查规划,2011,36(3):39-42.
[26] 杨玉姣,陈云明,曹扬.黄土丘陵区油松人工林生态系统碳密度及其分配[J].生态学报,2014,34(8):2128-2136.
[27] 杨阳,冉飞,王根绪,等.西藏高原云南松生物量模型及碳储量[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(7):1674-1682.