产后泌乳奶牛尿液pH值与瘤胃酸中毒的关系及其预警作用
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摘要
为了探讨尿液pH值与产后泌乳奶牛瘤胃酸中毒的关系及其预警作用,试验随机选取产后90 d内荷斯坦奶牛40头,依据健康奶牛尿液pH值范围(在7.7～8.7之间)将其分为酸性组(pH值<7.7)和中性组(pH值在7.7～8.7之间),通过Afikim管理软件查询试验牛瘤胃酸中毒情况,测定试验牛尿液pH值,并对试验牛血液/尿液中的矿物质元素、炎性因子、能量代谢指标的水平进行组间独立样本t检验,利用斯皮尔曼相关系数分析相关性,二元回归分析预测疾病,最后利用工作特征曲线(ROC)分析确定分界值。结果表明:通过Afikim管理软件查询,酸性组奶牛20 d内瘤胃酸中毒发病率显著高于中性组(P<0.05),酸性组与中性组相比尿液pH值显著降低(P<0.05);酸性组与中性组相比,矿物质元素血液K含量显著降低(P<0.05)、尿液Ca和P含量显著升高(P<0.05),炎性因子脂多糖(LPS)含量显著升高(P<0.05),能量代谢指标β-羟丁酸(BHBA)、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿液尿素氮(UUN)和游离脂肪酸(NEFA)含量显著升高(P<0.05),葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著降低(P<0.05);相关性分析显示,瘤胃酸中毒与尿液pH值呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与尿液Ca、P呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与血液NEFA呈显著正相关(P<0.05);二元回归分析显示,尿液pH值、P和血液Ca、NEFA这4项营养代谢指标可作为奶牛瘤胃酸中毒的发生的风险预测指标;ROC分析确定,瘤胃酸中毒的最佳尿液pH值的分界值<6.55,尿液pH值能作为奶牛瘤胃酸中毒的预警指标。说明产后泌乳奶牛尿液pH值可作为预测奶牛瘤胃酸中毒发生风险的评估指标。
In order to investigate the relationship between urine pH value and rumen acidosis in postpartum lactating cows and its early warning effect, the experiment randomly selected 40 Holstein cows within 90 days after delivery, and then divided them into an acidic group(pH value<7.7) and a neutral group(pH value between 7.7-8.7)according to the urine pH range of healthy cows(between 7.7-8.7). The Afikim management software is used to query the rumen acidosis of the test cattle, and the pH value of the test cow urine is determined. The levels of mineral elements, inflammatory factors and energy metabolism indicators in the blood/urine of the test animals were tested by independent sample t test between groups, using Spearman correlation coefficient to analyze correlation, binary regression analysis to predict disease, and finally using working characteristics curve(ROC) analysis to determine the cutoff value. The results showed that the incidence of ruminal acidosis in the acidic group was significantly higher than that of the neutral group within 20 days of the Afikim management software(P<0.05). The pH value of the acidic group was significantly lower than that of the neutral group(P<0.05). Compared with the neutral group, the blood K content of mineral elements of the acidic group decreased significantly(P<0.05), the urine Ca and P levels of the acidic group increased significantly(P<0.05), and the inflammatory factor tallow lipopolysaccharide(LPS) content of the acidic group increased significantly(P<0.05), energy metabolism indicators β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), urine urea nitrogen(UUN) and free fatty acid(NEFA) content of the acidic group increased significantly(P<0.05), glucose(GLU) content of the acidic group decreased significantly(P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that ruminal acidosis was negatively correlated with urine pH value significantly(P<0.01), and it was positively correlated with urine Ca and P significantly(P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between blood NEFA(P<0.05). Binary regression analysis showed that urine pH value, P and blood Ca and NEFA could be used as risk predictors for rumen acidosis in dairy cows.ROC analysis determined that the cut off value of the optimal urine pH value for rumen acidosis was<6.55, urine pH value can be used as an early warning indicator for rumen acidosis in dairy cows. It indicates that the urine pH value of postpartum lactating cows can be used as an indicator to predict the risk of rumen acidosis in dairy cows.
In order to investigate the relationship between urine pH value and rumen acidosis in postpartum lactating cows and its early warning effect, the experiment randomly selected 40 Holstein cows within 90 days after delivery, and then divided them into an acidic group(pH value<7.7) and a neutral group(pH value between 7.7-8.7)according to the urine pH range of healthy cows(between 7.7-8.7). The Afikim management software is used to query the rumen acidosis of the test cattle, and the pH value of the test cow urine is determined. The levels of mineral elements, inflammatory factors and energy metabolism indicators in the blood/urine of the test animals were tested by independent sample t test between groups, using Spearman correlation coefficient to analyze correlation, binary regression analysis to predict disease, and finally using working characteristics curve(ROC) analysis to determine the cutoff value. The results showed that the incidence of ruminal acidosis in the acidic group was significantly higher than that of the neutral group within 20 days of the Afikim management software(P<0.05). The pH value of the acidic group was significantly lower than that of the neutral group(P<0.05). Compared with the neutral group, the blood K content of mineral elements of the acidic group decreased significantly(P<0.05), the urine Ca and P levels of the acidic group increased significantly(P<0.05), and the inflammatory factor tallow lipopolysaccharide(LPS) content of the acidic group increased significantly(P<0.05), energy metabolism indicators β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), urine urea nitrogen(UUN) and free fatty acid(NEFA) content of the acidic group increased significantly(P<0.05), glucose(GLU) content of the acidic group decreased significantly(P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that ruminal acidosis was negatively correlated with urine pH value significantly(P<0.01), and it was positively correlated with urine Ca and P significantly(P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between blood NEFA(P<0.05). Binary regression analysis showed that urine pH value, P and blood Ca and NEFA could be used as risk predictors for rumen acidosis in dairy cows.ROC analysis determined that the cut off value of the optimal urine pH value for rumen acidosis was<6.55, urine pH value can be used as an early warning indicator for rumen acidosis in dairy cows. It indicates that the urine pH value of postpartum lactating cows can be used as an indicator to predict the risk of rumen acidosis in dairy cows.
引文
[1] 郭延生, 陶金忠, 贾启鹏,等. 中兽药防治牛前胃疾病的现状及存在的问题[J]. 动物医学进展, 2015,36(2):115-119.
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[8] ATKINSON D E, BOURKE E. Metabolic aspects of the regulation of systemic pH[J]. Am J Physiol, 1987, 252(2):947-956.
[9] OKUMURA J, TASAKI I. Urinary nitrogen excretion in fowls fed acid or alkali[J]. J Nutrition, 1968, 95(2):148-152.
[10] 毛华明, 邓卫东. 瘤胃中微生物的多样性及其对饲料消化率的影响[J]. 饲料博览, 2005(10):7-9.
[11] 王利平, 毛华明. 瘤胃微生物组成、日粮与饲料消化率及其关系的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2005, 32(12):3-7.
[12] 白云龙. 泌乳奶牛尿液酸碱度与生产性能和健康的关系[D]. 大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学, 2016.
[13] 玛丽·翁达尔萨. 奶牛消化系统功能紊乱的综合防治技术[J]. 中国奶牛, 2006(7):30-32.
[14] 郭定宗.兽医内科学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2010.
[15] ILYAS R, CHOW K, YOUNG J G.What is the best method to evaluate urine pH? A trial of three urinary pH measurement methods in a stone clinic[J].J Endourol,2015,29(1):70-74.
[16] 加拿大农业及农业食品部北京项目办公室. 奶牛酸中毒和蹄叶炎预防[J]. 中国畜牧业, 2005(24):80.
[17] ANDERSEN P H, HESSELHOLT M, JARLV N. Endotoxin and arachidonic acid metabolites in portal, hepatic and arterial blood of cattle with acute ruminal acidosis[J]. Acta Vet Scand, 1994, 35(3):223-234.
[2] 刘东华. 牛羊前胃疾病的鉴别诊断方法[J]. 中国动物保健, 2017, 19(4):53-54.
[3] MORGANTE M, STELLETTA C, BERZAGHI P, et al. Subacute rumen acidosis in lactating cows: an investigation in intensive Italian dairy herds [J].J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl),2007,91(6):226-234.
[4] DUFFIELD T, PLAIZIER J C, FAIRFIELD A, et al. Comparison of techniques for measurement of rumen pH in lactating dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci, 2004, 87(1):59-66.
[5] 李艳, 朱继红, 张振伟,等. 不同生长阶段牛排粪量与尿液pH值昼夜变化的研究[J]. 畜牧与兽医, 2009, 41(10):43-44.
[6] DUVAL J E, BAREILLE N, MADOUASSE A,et al. Evaluation of the impact of a Herd Health and Production Management programme in organic dairy cattle farms: a process evaluation approach[J]. Animal,2017, 12 (7):1-9.
[7] PERINPAM M, WARE E B, SMITH J A,et al. Association of urinary citrate excretion, pH, and net gastrointestinal alkali absorption with diet, diuretic use, and blood glucose concentration[J]. Physiol Rep,2017,5(19):e13411.
[8] ATKINSON D E, BOURKE E. Metabolic aspects of the regulation of systemic pH[J]. Am J Physiol, 1987, 252(2):947-956.
[9] OKUMURA J, TASAKI I. Urinary nitrogen excretion in fowls fed acid or alkali[J]. J Nutrition, 1968, 95(2):148-152.
[10] 毛华明, 邓卫东. 瘤胃中微生物的多样性及其对饲料消化率的影响[J]. 饲料博览, 2005(10):7-9.
[11] 王利平, 毛华明. 瘤胃微生物组成、日粮与饲料消化率及其关系的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2005, 32(12):3-7.
[12] 白云龙. 泌乳奶牛尿液酸碱度与生产性能和健康的关系[D]. 大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学, 2016.
[13] 玛丽·翁达尔萨. 奶牛消化系统功能紊乱的综合防治技术[J]. 中国奶牛, 2006(7):30-32.
[14] 郭定宗.兽医内科学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2010.
[15] ILYAS R, CHOW K, YOUNG J G.What is the best method to evaluate urine pH? A trial of three urinary pH measurement methods in a stone clinic[J].J Endourol,2015,29(1):70-74.
[16] 加拿大农业及农业食品部北京项目办公室. 奶牛酸中毒和蹄叶炎预防[J]. 中国畜牧业, 2005(24):80.
[17] ANDERSEN P H, HESSELHOLT M, JARLV N. Endotoxin and arachidonic acid metabolites in portal, hepatic and arterial blood of cattle with acute ruminal acidosis[J]. Acta Vet Scand, 1994, 35(3):223-234.