《2008年汶川地震:灾难剖析》第一章:汶川地震
摘要
<正>汶川地震是中国自1949年建国以来破坏性最强的地震,影响范围最广,灾害损失最严重。测定震级为MS8.0,以及震感等级为修订的麦卡利地震烈度(MMI)表XI度,该地震造成了严重的次生灾害,如滑坡、泥石流和堰塞湖等(图1.1)。1.此地震造成了巨大的生命损失。2008年8月25日估计有69 226人死亡,374 643人受伤,以及17 923人失踪。2.大量的城乡建筑遭到摧毁。包括北川、映秀在内的一些城镇和大量村庄被夷为平地。
引文
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Liu H X.1986.The Damage of the Tangshan Earthquake,vol.4.Beijing:Seismological Press.(in Chinese)
Liu Z,Wu Z L.2005.A simple model of reported casualties during earthquakes and earthquake-generated tsunamis.Earthquake Res China,21(4):526-529.(in Chinese)
Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China.2001.GB50011-2001,Code for Seismic Design of Buildings.Beijing:China architecture&Building Press.(in Chinese)
Science and Technology Expert Group of the Ministry of Science and Technology.2008.Wenchuan earthquake hazard analysis and comprehensive evaluation.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
Tian W,Chen Z,Xiang X,et al.2008.Analysis of and reflections on building damage caused by the 12May Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan.Sichuan Constr Sci,34(6):123-129.(in Chinese)
Wen X Z,Ma S L,Xu X W,et al.2008.Historical pattern and behavior of earthquake ruptures along the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan faulted-block,southwestern China.Phys Earth Planet In,168(1/2):16-36.
Wu X Y,Gu J H,Wu H Y.2009.A modified exponential model for reported casualties during earthquakes.Acta Seismol Sin,31(4):457-463,477.(in Chinese)
Xu X W,Wen X Z,Ye J Q,et al.2008.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure.Seismol Geol,30(3):597-629.(in Chinese)
Zhang H,Xiang D,Hu Y.2009.Earthquake-safe Rural Housing Project in Deyang City passed the test of the great Wenchuan earthquake.Cities and Hazard Mitigation,3:25-28.(in Chinese)
Zhou Z H.2008.The strong ground motion recordings of the MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province.Earthquake Res Sichuan,129(4):25-29.(in Chinese)
Zhuang W L,Liu Z Y,Jiang J S.2009.Analysis of road bridges after the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake.Highway(5):130-139.(in Chinese)
Chen Y,Chen Q F,Liu J,et al.2002.Seismic Hazard and Risk Analysis:A Simplified Approach.Beijing:Science Press.
China Earthquake Administration.2008.Report on Strong Earthquake Motion Records in China,vol 12,No 1.Beijing:Seismological Press.(in Chinese)
Civil and Structural Groups of Tsinghua University,Southwest Jiaotong University,Beijing Jiaotong University.2008.Analysis on seismic damage of buildings in the Wenchuan earthquake.J Build Struct,29(4):1-9.(in Chinese)
Li X J,Zhou Z H,Huang M,et al.2008.Preliminary analysis of strong-motion recordings from the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan,China,earthquake of12 May 2008.Seismol Res Lett,79(6):844-854.
Liu H X.1986.The Damage of the Tangshan Earthquake,vol.4.Beijing:Seismological Press.(in Chinese)
Liu Z,Wu Z L.2005.A simple model of reported casualties during earthquakes and earthquake-generated tsunamis.Earthquake Res China,21(4):526-529.(in Chinese)
Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China.2001.GB50011-2001,Code for Seismic Design of Buildings.Beijing:China architecture&Building Press.(in Chinese)
Science and Technology Expert Group of the Ministry of Science and Technology.2008.Wenchuan earthquake hazard analysis and comprehensive evaluation.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
Tian W,Chen Z,Xiang X,et al.2008.Analysis of and reflections on building damage caused by the 12May Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan.Sichuan Constr Sci,34(6):123-129.(in Chinese)
Wen X Z,Ma S L,Xu X W,et al.2008.Historical pattern and behavior of earthquake ruptures along the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan faulted-block,southwestern China.Phys Earth Planet In,168(1/2):16-36.
Wu X Y,Gu J H,Wu H Y.2009.A modified exponential model for reported casualties during earthquakes.Acta Seismol Sin,31(4):457-463,477.(in Chinese)
Xu X W,Wen X Z,Ye J Q,et al.2008.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure.Seismol Geol,30(3):597-629.(in Chinese)
Zhang H,Xiang D,Hu Y.2009.Earthquake-safe Rural Housing Project in Deyang City passed the test of the great Wenchuan earthquake.Cities and Hazard Mitigation,3:25-28.(in Chinese)
Zhou Z H.2008.The strong ground motion recordings of the MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province.Earthquake Res Sichuan,129(4):25-29.(in Chinese)
Zhuang W L,Liu Z Y,Jiang J S.2009.Analysis of road bridges after the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake.Highway(5):130-139.(in Chinese)