胍胶降解菌对地层压裂液伤害的修复机制
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摘要
针对低渗致密砂岩油藏压裂中压裂液对油层的污染和伤害,研究采用微生物方法修复胍胶压裂液地层伤害的机制。从油藏产出水中,以胍胶为唯一碳源采用稀释平板法分离筛选出胍胶降解菌;通过菌落和细胞形态、生理生化特征以及16S r DNA序列分析对菌株进行鉴定;通过测定菌株降解胍胶中表观黏度、平均相对分子质量变化以及对压裂液残渣和粒径的分析,评价菌株对胍胶压裂液的降解效果;并通过岩心流动模拟实验,研究压裂液对岩心的伤害及微生物修复效果。结果表明:从地层产出水中分离的7株细菌中,1株细菌可高效降解胍胶,经鉴定为Bacillus paralicheniformis(CGS)。该菌降解胍胶压裂液后,表观黏度从117 m Pa·s降低到3.3 m Pa·s,降黏率达到97.0%;平均相对分子质量从119 062降低到28 089;降解过程中有CO_2、N_2O气体的产生并代谢产生了可使胍胶降解的活性物质;压裂液残渣从81.67 mg变为51.67 mg,降低了36.73%,残渣粒径从78.598μm变为59.905μm,降低了23.78%。原始渗透率为108.70×10~(-3)和16.90×10~(-3)μm~2的岩心在压裂液污染后渗透率分别为5.18×10~(-3)和7.93×10~(-3)μm~2,经微生物修复后,渗透率恢复为92.58×10~(-3)和16.32×10~(-3)μm~2,恢复率分别为85.17%和96.57%。
Aiming at the pollution and damage of the fracturing fluid on the reservoir in low-permeability or tight reservoir,the mechanism of using microbial method to remediate the formation damage caused by guar gum fracturing fluid was studied.Guar gum degrading strains were isolated and screened by dilution-plate method using guar gum as sole carbon source.Then the bacterial strain was identified through the colony morphology,physiological-biochemical tests and 16S r DNA sequence analysis.And the effect of bacterial degradation on the guar gum fracturing fluid was investigated by the apparent viscosity,average molecular weight change,as well as the degradation of fracturing fluid residueand particle size..In addition,the effectiveness of microbial remediation was researched through the artificial sand pack.It is found that 7 bacterial strains are isolated and one strain of them is screened for the follow-up tests,which is identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis(CGS).After using this bacterial strain to degrade the guar-based fracturing fluid,the apparent viscosity decreases from 117 m Pa·s to 3.3m Pa·s with the degradation rate of 97.00%and the average molecular weight reduces from 119 062 to 28 089.CO_2and N_2O are produced in the biodegradation and the active substrate can be synthesized by CGS to degrade the guar gum.And the insoluble residue of guar gum changes from 81.67 mg to 51.67 mg with the reduction rate of 36.73%.The particle size of the insoluble residue decreases from 78.598μm to 59.905μm with the reduction rate of 23.78%.The original permeability of sand packs are 108.70×10~(-3)and 16.90×10~(-3)μm~2,respectively,and the permeability decreases to 5.18×10~(-3)and 7.93×10~(-3)μm~2due to the fracturing fluid damage.However,the permeability can be recovered to 92.58×10~(-3)and 16.32×10~(-3)μm~2with recovery rates of 85.17%and 96.57%after the microbial remediation.
Aiming at the pollution and damage of the fracturing fluid on the reservoir in low-permeability or tight reservoir,the mechanism of using microbial method to remediate the formation damage caused by guar gum fracturing fluid was studied.Guar gum degrading strains were isolated and screened by dilution-plate method using guar gum as sole carbon source.Then the bacterial strain was identified through the colony morphology,physiological-biochemical tests and 16S r DNA sequence analysis.And the effect of bacterial degradation on the guar gum fracturing fluid was investigated by the apparent viscosity,average molecular weight change,as well as the degradation of fracturing fluid residueand particle size..In addition,the effectiveness of microbial remediation was researched through the artificial sand pack.It is found that 7 bacterial strains are isolated and one strain of them is screened for the follow-up tests,which is identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis(CGS).After using this bacterial strain to degrade the guar-based fracturing fluid,the apparent viscosity decreases from 117 m Pa·s to 3.3m Pa·s with the degradation rate of 97.00%and the average molecular weight reduces from 119 062 to 28 089.CO_2and N_2O are produced in the biodegradation and the active substrate can be synthesized by CGS to degrade the guar gum.And the insoluble residue of guar gum changes from 81.67 mg to 51.67 mg with the reduction rate of 36.73%.The particle size of the insoluble residue decreases from 78.598μm to 59.905μm with the reduction rate of 23.78%.The original permeability of sand packs are 108.70×10~(-3)and 16.90×10~(-3)μm~2,respectively,and the permeability decreases to 5.18×10~(-3)and 7.93×10~(-3)μm~2due to the fracturing fluid damage.However,the permeability can be recovered to 92.58×10~(-3)and 16.32×10~(-3)μm~2with recovery rates of 85.17%and 96.57%after the microbial remediation.
引文
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[4]赵建波.疏水改性胍胶制备及其性能研究[D].西安:陕西科技大学,2012.ZHAO Jianbo.Study on preparation and properties of hydrophobically modified guar gum[D].Xian:Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,2012.
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[9]李丛妮.油田酸化缓蚀剂的研究进展[J].表面技术,2016,45(8):80-86.LI Congni.Research process of oil acidizing corrosion inhibitor[J].Surface Technology,2016,45(8):80-86.
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[11]马鑫,高卉,张俊会,等.真菌粗酶制剂脱氢酶活性测定条件的优化[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(1):155-161,176.MA Xin,GAO Hui,ZHANG Junhui,et al.Optimization of determination method for dehydrogenase activity of crude enzyme preparation from fungi[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2016,44(1):155-161,176.
[12]KEKACS D,DROLLETTE B D,BROOKER M,et al.Aerobic biodegradation of organic compounds in hydraulic fracturing fluids[J].Biodegradation,2015,26(4):271-287.
[13]郝滨,吴晓玲,李彩风.压裂破胶酶产生菌的筛选及其性能评价[J].山东轻工业学院学报,2012,26(4):62-63.HAO Bin,WU Xiaoling,LI Caifeng.Isolation of a gelbreak enzyme producing strain and study of its partial properties[J].Journal of Shandong Polytechnic University,2012,26(4):62-63.
[14]程丽娟,薛泉宏.微生物实验室技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:383.
[15]东秀珠,蔡妙英.常见细菌系统鉴定手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[16]布坎南R E,吉本斯N E.伯杰细菌鉴定手册[M].8版.中国科学院微生物研究所《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》翻译组,译.北京:科学出版社,1984.
[17]马鑫,高卉,张俊会,等.3株原油降解细菌鉴定及其降解和驱油特性研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(2):163-174.MA Xin,GAO Hui,ZHANG Junhui,et al.Identification of 3 strains of crude oil degradation bacteria and its characteristics of degradation and oil-displacement[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(2):163-174.
[18]MORRIS G A,ADAMS G G,HARDING S E.On hydrodynamic methods for the analysis of the sizes and shapes of polysaccharides in dilute solution:a short review[J].Food Hydrocolloids,2014,42(3):318-334.
[19]HU K,LI C X,PAN J,et al.Performance of a new thermostable mannanase in breaking guar-based fracturing fluids at high temperatures with little premature degradation[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2014,172(3):1215-1226.
[20]SCHERBUKHIN V D,ANULOV O V.Legume seed galactomannans(review)[J].Applied Biochemistry&Microbiology,1999,35(3):229-244.
[21]DEVINE C S,TJON-JOE-PIN R M,RICKARDS A R.Relationship between polymeric fragment damage and damage removal and the original rock and proppant pack permeability[R].SPE 52128,1999.
[22]MICHELLE A C,YANG B H,SERVIOES BJ.Evaluationfor polymer damage aids in candidate selection for removal treatment[R].SPE 39785,1998.
[23]DINLAP C A,KWON S W,ROONEY A P,et al.Bacillus paralicheniformis sp.nov.,isolated from fermented soybean paste[J].International Journal of Systematic&Evolutionary Microbiology,2015,65(10):3587-3492.
[24]MA X,LEI G L,WANG Z H,et al.Microbial remediation of guar-based fracturing fluid damage[R].SPE-189487-MS,2018.
[25]董文坤.黄原胶和瓜尔胶降解菌的筛选[D].天津:天津大学,2007.DONG Wenkun.Screening of xanthan and guar gum degrading bacteria[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2007.
[26]SMALL J,WALLACE M,STEVE V,et al.Improving fracture conductivities with a delayed breaker system:a case history[R].SPE 21497,1991.
[27]KIM C M,LOSACANO J A.Fracture conductivity damage due to crosslinkedgel residue and closure stress on propped 20/40 mesh sand[R].SPE 14436,1985.
[28]蒋淮宇,王世彬,郭建春,等.提高低温条件下过硫酸铵分解速率的方法[J].钻井液与完井液,2012,29(1):77-78,95-96.JIANG Huaiyu,WANG Shibin,GUO Jianchun,et al.Research on improving decomposition rate of ammoniumpersulfate in condition of low temperature[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2012,29(1):77-78,95-96.
[29]郭建春,何春明.压裂液破胶过程伤害微观机制[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):1018-1022.GUO Jiangchun,HE Chunming.Microscopic mechanism of the damage caused by gelout process of fracturing fluids[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(6):1018-1022.
[30]MATTHEW D B,JUNG O P,MOHAN S,et al.Diffusion of macromolecules in polymer solutions and gels:alaser scanning confocal microscopy study[J].Macromolecules,2000,33(20):7500-7507.
[31]张华丽,周继东,杲春,等.胍胶压裂液伤害性研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(23):6866-6871.ZHANG Huali,ZHOU Jidong,GAO Chun,et al.The damage of guar gum fracturing fluid[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(23):6866-6871.
[32]BRADFORD S A,TORKZABAN S.Colloid transport and retention in unsaturated porous media:a review of interface-,collector-,and pore-scale processes and models[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2008,7(2):667-681.
[33]ZHANG W,MORALES V L,CAKMAK M E,et al.Colloid transport and retention in unsaturated porous media:effect of colloid input concentration[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(13):4965-4972.
[34]蒋海,杨兆中,李小刚,等.裂缝面滤失对压裂井产能的影响分析[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2008,5(1):87-89,359-360.JIANG Hai,YANG Zhaozhong,LI Xiaogang,et al.Analyses on the effect fracture surface leak-off in fractured well productivity[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2008,5(1):87-89,359-360.
[35]袁飞,申金伟,马万正,等.胍胶压裂液对阜东斜坡区头屯河地层的伤害[J].油田化学,2014,31(1):42-46.YUAN Fei,SHEN Jinwei,MA Wanzheng,et al.Study on the formation damage mechanisms of guanidine gum fracturing fluid to Toutun River formation of Fudong slope area[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2014,31(1):42-46.
[36]张洁,罗平亚,朱建峰,等.HPG胶水基压裂液残渣的伤害与溶解[J].西南石油学院学报,2001,23(4):44-45.ZHANG Jie,LUO Pingya,ZHU Jianfeng,et al.Damage and removal of the residue of HPG gum water based fracturing fluids[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2001,23(4):44-45.
[2]范海明,王兆兴,范海建,等.压裂液温度稳定剂的评价方法设计和应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(4):160-166.FAN Haiming,WANG Zhaoxing,FAN Haijian,et al.Design and application of the evaluation method for fracturing fluid temperature stabilizer[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(4):160-166.
[3]WANG J Y,HOLDITCH S A,MCVAY D A.Effect of gel damage on fracture fluid clean up and long-term recovery in tight gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering,2012,9(6):108-118.
[4]赵建波.疏水改性胍胶制备及其性能研究[D].西安:陕西科技大学,2012.ZHAO Jianbo.Study on preparation and properties of hydrophobically modified guar gum[D].Xian:Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,2012.
[5]HAROLD D,ROBERT M,PAUL S,et al.Enzyme breaker technologies:a decade of improved well stimulation[R].SPE 84213,2003.
[6]ZANTEN R V.Stabilizing viscoelastic surfactants in high density brines[R].SPE 141447,2011.
[7]BARATI R,JOHNSON S J,MCCOOL S,et al.Fracturing fluid cleanup by controlled release of enzymes from polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2011,121(3):1292-1298.
[8]康毅力,陈德飞,李相臣.压裂液处理对煤岩孔隙结构的影响[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(5):102-108.KANG Yili,CHEN Defei,LI Xiangchen.Effect of fracturing fluid treatment on pore structure of coal[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2014,38(5):102-108.
[9]李丛妮.油田酸化缓蚀剂的研究进展[J].表面技术,2016,45(8):80-86.LI Congni.Research process of oil acidizing corrosion inhibitor[J].Surface Technology,2016,45(8):80-86.
[10]李宜强,沈传海,景贵成,等.微生物降解HPAM的机制及其应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(6):738-742.LI Yiqiang,SHEN Chuanhai,JING Guicheng,et al.Mmechanism of HPAM biodegradation and its application[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(6):738-742.
[11]马鑫,高卉,张俊会,等.真菌粗酶制剂脱氢酶活性测定条件的优化[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(1):155-161,176.MA Xin,GAO Hui,ZHANG Junhui,et al.Optimization of determination method for dehydrogenase activity of crude enzyme preparation from fungi[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2016,44(1):155-161,176.
[12]KEKACS D,DROLLETTE B D,BROOKER M,et al.Aerobic biodegradation of organic compounds in hydraulic fracturing fluids[J].Biodegradation,2015,26(4):271-287.
[13]郝滨,吴晓玲,李彩风.压裂破胶酶产生菌的筛选及其性能评价[J].山东轻工业学院学报,2012,26(4):62-63.HAO Bin,WU Xiaoling,LI Caifeng.Isolation of a gelbreak enzyme producing strain and study of its partial properties[J].Journal of Shandong Polytechnic University,2012,26(4):62-63.
[14]程丽娟,薛泉宏.微生物实验室技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:383.
[15]东秀珠,蔡妙英.常见细菌系统鉴定手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[16]布坎南R E,吉本斯N E.伯杰细菌鉴定手册[M].8版.中国科学院微生物研究所《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》翻译组,译.北京:科学出版社,1984.
[17]马鑫,高卉,张俊会,等.3株原油降解细菌鉴定及其降解和驱油特性研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(2):163-174.MA Xin,GAO Hui,ZHANG Junhui,et al.Identification of 3 strains of crude oil degradation bacteria and its characteristics of degradation and oil-displacement[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(2):163-174.
[18]MORRIS G A,ADAMS G G,HARDING S E.On hydrodynamic methods for the analysis of the sizes and shapes of polysaccharides in dilute solution:a short review[J].Food Hydrocolloids,2014,42(3):318-334.
[19]HU K,LI C X,PAN J,et al.Performance of a new thermostable mannanase in breaking guar-based fracturing fluids at high temperatures with little premature degradation[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2014,172(3):1215-1226.
[20]SCHERBUKHIN V D,ANULOV O V.Legume seed galactomannans(review)[J].Applied Biochemistry&Microbiology,1999,35(3):229-244.
[21]DEVINE C S,TJON-JOE-PIN R M,RICKARDS A R.Relationship between polymeric fragment damage and damage removal and the original rock and proppant pack permeability[R].SPE 52128,1999.
[22]MICHELLE A C,YANG B H,SERVIOES BJ.Evaluationfor polymer damage aids in candidate selection for removal treatment[R].SPE 39785,1998.
[23]DINLAP C A,KWON S W,ROONEY A P,et al.Bacillus paralicheniformis sp.nov.,isolated from fermented soybean paste[J].International Journal of Systematic&Evolutionary Microbiology,2015,65(10):3587-3492.
[24]MA X,LEI G L,WANG Z H,et al.Microbial remediation of guar-based fracturing fluid damage[R].SPE-189487-MS,2018.
[25]董文坤.黄原胶和瓜尔胶降解菌的筛选[D].天津:天津大学,2007.DONG Wenkun.Screening of xanthan and guar gum degrading bacteria[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2007.
[26]SMALL J,WALLACE M,STEVE V,et al.Improving fracture conductivities with a delayed breaker system:a case history[R].SPE 21497,1991.
[27]KIM C M,LOSACANO J A.Fracture conductivity damage due to crosslinkedgel residue and closure stress on propped 20/40 mesh sand[R].SPE 14436,1985.
[28]蒋淮宇,王世彬,郭建春,等.提高低温条件下过硫酸铵分解速率的方法[J].钻井液与完井液,2012,29(1):77-78,95-96.JIANG Huaiyu,WANG Shibin,GUO Jianchun,et al.Research on improving decomposition rate of ammoniumpersulfate in condition of low temperature[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2012,29(1):77-78,95-96.
[29]郭建春,何春明.压裂液破胶过程伤害微观机制[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):1018-1022.GUO Jiangchun,HE Chunming.Microscopic mechanism of the damage caused by gelout process of fracturing fluids[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(6):1018-1022.
[30]MATTHEW D B,JUNG O P,MOHAN S,et al.Diffusion of macromolecules in polymer solutions and gels:alaser scanning confocal microscopy study[J].Macromolecules,2000,33(20):7500-7507.
[31]张华丽,周继东,杲春,等.胍胶压裂液伤害性研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(23):6866-6871.ZHANG Huali,ZHOU Jidong,GAO Chun,et al.The damage of guar gum fracturing fluid[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(23):6866-6871.
[32]BRADFORD S A,TORKZABAN S.Colloid transport and retention in unsaturated porous media:a review of interface-,collector-,and pore-scale processes and models[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2008,7(2):667-681.
[33]ZHANG W,MORALES V L,CAKMAK M E,et al.Colloid transport and retention in unsaturated porous media:effect of colloid input concentration[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(13):4965-4972.
[34]蒋海,杨兆中,李小刚,等.裂缝面滤失对压裂井产能的影响分析[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2008,5(1):87-89,359-360.JIANG Hai,YANG Zhaozhong,LI Xiaogang,et al.Analyses on the effect fracture surface leak-off in fractured well productivity[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2008,5(1):87-89,359-360.
[35]袁飞,申金伟,马万正,等.胍胶压裂液对阜东斜坡区头屯河地层的伤害[J].油田化学,2014,31(1):42-46.YUAN Fei,SHEN Jinwei,MA Wanzheng,et al.Study on the formation damage mechanisms of guanidine gum fracturing fluid to Toutun River formation of Fudong slope area[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2014,31(1):42-46.
[36]张洁,罗平亚,朱建峰,等.HPG胶水基压裂液残渣的伤害与溶解[J].西南石油学院学报,2001,23(4):44-45.ZHANG Jie,LUO Pingya,ZHU Jianfeng,et al.Damage and removal of the residue of HPG gum water based fracturing fluids[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2001,23(4):44-45.