鲜食枣新品种‘冰砣蜜’的选育
|
摘要
‘冰砣蜜’是从‘金丝4号’中选育出的芽变鲜食中晚熟金丝小枣新品种。果实秤砣状,果皮浅红色,果面光滑,果肉黄白,肉质致密,汁液多,极甜;平均单果质量16.33 g,最大果质量28.2 g;枣果平均纵径3.49 cm,平均横径3.16cm,果型指数为1.10;果核纺锤形,平均单核质量0.49 g,核内一般不含种仁。枣果可食率97.0%,脆熟期可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)37.6%,可溶性糖含量37.09%,维生素C含量2.47 mg·g-1,总酸含量3.96 g·kg-1;品质上。果实发育期105～110 d,9月中下旬成熟;枣吊着生花序7～20个,平均12.4个,每序着生花朵8～18枚,平均11.5枚;3～5 a(年)生枣股每股抽生枣吊数2～7个,平均3.8个。抗旱、耐盐碱、耐瘠薄,较抗裂果和缩果。适宜在河北省东部平原地区、太行山区以及生态条件类似区域栽培。高接换头后3 a进入丰产期,连续结果能力强,丰产性强。
‘Bingtuomi', a mid-late-ripening and fresh-eating variety(Ziziphus jujube Mill.), was selected from the bud mutation of‘Jinsi 4'. It was found that a lateral branch in a high-grafted branch of‘Jinsi 4'had changed in 2004, morphological observation of variant lateral branches was carried out and compared with‘Jinsi 4'. The characteristics of variant lateral branches remained stable. After regional adaptability testing at three sites(including Qingxian, Xingtang, xianxian counties) over seven years from 2011 to 2017, it was finally selected in 2018. The tree has moderate vigor, strong branch power and exuberant foliage. The average number of fruit shoot in a 3-5-year-old jujube stocks is 3.8.The average length of fruit shoot is 27.6 cm, and the average number of leaves in a fruit shoot was 12.4.Leaves are oval, dark green, glossy, with an average length of 5.2 cm, an average width of 3.2 cm. The ratio of leaf length to leaf width is 1.64. Fruits is mainly inverted ovoid, has light-red pell. Its flesh is gold and sivler, compact, rich juice, intensely sweet. The average fruit weight is 16.33 g, maximum fruit weight is 28.2 g, the average Vertical Horizontal of fruit was 3.49 cm. The average Horizontal diameter of fruit is 3.16 cm, The fruit type index is 1.10. Nuclei are spindle-shaped with an average weight of0.49 g. Nuclei generally don't contain kernels. The edible rate is 97.0%, the content of soluble solid is37.6% at crisp ripening stage. The soluble sugar content was 37.09%, the vitamin C content was 2.47 mg · g-1, and the total acid content was 3.96 g · kg-1 at crisp ripening stage. Quality is excellent. The fruit development period is 105-110 d, it matures at mid to end of September in Cangzhou area. The average number of inflorescences of jujube is 12.4, and the average number of inflorescences per inflorescence is 11.5. It is drought-resistant, salt-alkali-resistant, barren-tolerant, and more resistant to cracking and shrinking fruit. Suitable cultivation area is the Eastern Plain and Taihang Mountains of Hebei Province and other regions with similar ecological conditions. After 3 years of high grafting, the cultivars enter a high-yield period, with strong ability of continuous fruit-bearing and high-yield. It is suitable for planting in plain and mountainous areas with sandy soil, sandy loam and loam. Grafting propagation is the main method. Spacing in the rows and spacing between rows are 2-3 m×4-5 m. The tree shape is opencenter shaped or the small and sparse canopy shape.
‘Bingtuomi', a mid-late-ripening and fresh-eating variety(Ziziphus jujube Mill.), was selected from the bud mutation of‘Jinsi 4'. It was found that a lateral branch in a high-grafted branch of‘Jinsi 4'had changed in 2004, morphological observation of variant lateral branches was carried out and compared with‘Jinsi 4'. The characteristics of variant lateral branches remained stable. After regional adaptability testing at three sites(including Qingxian, Xingtang, xianxian counties) over seven years from 2011 to 2017, it was finally selected in 2018. The tree has moderate vigor, strong branch power and exuberant foliage. The average number of fruit shoot in a 3-5-year-old jujube stocks is 3.8.The average length of fruit shoot is 27.6 cm, and the average number of leaves in a fruit shoot was 12.4.Leaves are oval, dark green, glossy, with an average length of 5.2 cm, an average width of 3.2 cm. The ratio of leaf length to leaf width is 1.64. Fruits is mainly inverted ovoid, has light-red pell. Its flesh is gold and sivler, compact, rich juice, intensely sweet. The average fruit weight is 16.33 g, maximum fruit weight is 28.2 g, the average Vertical Horizontal of fruit was 3.49 cm. The average Horizontal diameter of fruit is 3.16 cm, The fruit type index is 1.10. Nuclei are spindle-shaped with an average weight of0.49 g. Nuclei generally don't contain kernels. The edible rate is 97.0%, the content of soluble solid is37.6% at crisp ripening stage. The soluble sugar content was 37.09%, the vitamin C content was 2.47 mg · g-1, and the total acid content was 3.96 g · kg-1 at crisp ripening stage. Quality is excellent. The fruit development period is 105-110 d, it matures at mid to end of September in Cangzhou area. The average number of inflorescences of jujube is 12.4, and the average number of inflorescences per inflorescence is 11.5. It is drought-resistant, salt-alkali-resistant, barren-tolerant, and more resistant to cracking and shrinking fruit. Suitable cultivation area is the Eastern Plain and Taihang Mountains of Hebei Province and other regions with similar ecological conditions. After 3 years of high grafting, the cultivars enter a high-yield period, with strong ability of continuous fruit-bearing and high-yield. It is suitable for planting in plain and mountainous areas with sandy soil, sandy loam and loam. Grafting propagation is the main method. Spacing in the rows and spacing between rows are 2-3 m×4-5 m. The tree shape is opencenter shaped or the small and sparse canopy shape.
引文
[1]袁国军,宋宏伟,卢绍辉,马俊青,梅象信.早熟鲜食枣新品种‘尖脆’枣的选育[J].果树学报,2014,31(2):337-338.YUAN Guojun,SONG Hongwei,LU Shaohui,MA Junqing,MEI Xiangxin.‘Jian Cui’,an early-maturing and fresh-eating Ziziphus jujube variety[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(2):337-338.
[2]张琼,周广芳,王中堂,单公华.大果型早熟鲜食枣新品种‘早秋红’[J].果树学报,2018,35(7):901-903.ZHANG Qiong,ZHOU Guangfang,WANG Zhongtang,SHANGonghua.A new jujube cultivar‘Zaoqiuhong’[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2018,35(7):901-903.
[3]刘平,王玖瑞,刘志国,王利虎,刘嘉彬,徐娟,石庆华,刘孟军.四倍体早熟鲜食枣新品种‘虹光’[J].园艺学报,2018,45(7):1423-1424.LIU Ping,WANG Jiurui,LIU Zhiguo,WANG Lihu,LIU Jiabin,XU Juan,SHI Qinghua,LIU Mengjun.A New excellent earlyripening tetraploid table cultivar of Chinese jujube‘Hongguang’[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2018,45(7):1423-1424.
[2]张琼,周广芳,王中堂,单公华.大果型早熟鲜食枣新品种‘早秋红’[J].果树学报,2018,35(7):901-903.ZHANG Qiong,ZHOU Guangfang,WANG Zhongtang,SHANGonghua.A new jujube cultivar‘Zaoqiuhong’[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2018,35(7):901-903.
[3]刘平,王玖瑞,刘志国,王利虎,刘嘉彬,徐娟,石庆华,刘孟军.四倍体早熟鲜食枣新品种‘虹光’[J].园艺学报,2018,45(7):1423-1424.LIU Ping,WANG Jiurui,LIU Zhiguo,WANG Lihu,LIU Jiabin,XU Juan,SHI Qinghua,LIU Mengjun.A New excellent earlyripening tetraploid table cultivar of Chinese jujube‘Hongguang’[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2018,45(7):1423-1424.