中华鳖器官组织对养殖环境中镉的富集
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摘要
以中华鳖为试验对象,在养殖土壤中分别添加5、50和100 mg/kg的镉,以不加镉为对照,研究养殖环境中镉含量变化对中华鳖不同器官组织对镉的富集的影响,试验周期为75 d。结果表明:养殖水体、底泥及中华鳖器官组织中镉蓄积量以镉添加100 mg/kg的为最多,且与对照组及添加5 mg/kg组的差异具有统计学意义,存在"剂量–效应"关系;中华鳖器官组织对镉富集量从高到低依次为肝脏、肠道、裙边、肌肉,可食肌肉、裙边的镉含量均低于国家食品限量卫生标准;相关性分析显示,不同镉试验组及试验第0～30天在养殖环境及各组织间的镉含量均呈显著正相关,存在"时间–效应"关系,而养殖环境与被测组织的镉含量相关性不显著,甚至对照组的底泥和裙边与肝脏间、50 mg/kg组的水体与肝脏和肠道间、100 mg/kg组的水体与肝脏间均呈负相关;随着环境中镉的迁移转化及器官组织的消除代谢,试验第45天的水体和肠道分别与肌肉和裙边间,试验第60天的肠道与各养殖环境因素和各器官组织间、肌肉与水体和裙边及肝脏间,试验第75天的水体和裙边分别与肠道和肝脏间、肠道与底泥和肌肉间的相关性均不显著。
In order to reveal the cadmium enrichment in different organs and tissues of Pelodiscus sinensis,three concentration gradients of cadmium(5,50,100 mg/kg) were applied to the breeding soil separately and lasted for 75 d.The results showed that the group with 100 mg/kg cadmium owned significant differences from the control group(no cadmium applied) and the group with 5 mg/kg cadmium in aquaculture water,soil and different Pelodiscus sinensis organs and tissues and displayed "dose-effect" relationship.The sequence of cadmium concentration from high to low among the organs and tissues was liver,intestines,calipash and muscle.Both of the cadmium content in edible muscle and calipash in every group were lower than the national food limit hygienic standards.The results of correlation analysis showed that all three experimental groups in the first 30 days displayed significant positive correlation,and existed "time-effect" relationships,however the correlation between the aquaculture environment and the cadmium content in measured organs and tissues was not significant and even showed a negative correlation between sediment,calipash and liver in the control group,between water and liver,intestines in the group with 50 mg/kg cadmium,between water and liver in the group with 100 mg/kg cadmium.As the concentration was diluted and transformed in the water environment and metabolized by organs and tissues,there is no significant correlation between water,intestines and calipash,muscle on the 45 th day;between intestines and the environment factors,the others organs and tissues and between muscle and water,calipash,liver on the 60 th day;between water,calipash and intestines,liver and between intestines and sediment,muscle on the 75 th day.
In order to reveal the cadmium enrichment in different organs and tissues of Pelodiscus sinensis,three concentration gradients of cadmium(5,50,100 mg/kg) were applied to the breeding soil separately and lasted for 75 d.The results showed that the group with 100 mg/kg cadmium owned significant differences from the control group(no cadmium applied) and the group with 5 mg/kg cadmium in aquaculture water,soil and different Pelodiscus sinensis organs and tissues and displayed "dose-effect" relationship.The sequence of cadmium concentration from high to low among the organs and tissues was liver,intestines,calipash and muscle.Both of the cadmium content in edible muscle and calipash in every group were lower than the national food limit hygienic standards.The results of correlation analysis showed that all three experimental groups in the first 30 days displayed significant positive correlation,and existed "time-effect" relationships,however the correlation between the aquaculture environment and the cadmium content in measured organs and tissues was not significant and even showed a negative correlation between sediment,calipash and liver in the control group,between water and liver,intestines in the group with 50 mg/kg cadmium,between water and liver in the group with 100 mg/kg cadmium.As the concentration was diluted and transformed in the water environment and metabolized by organs and tissues,there is no significant correlation between water,intestines and calipash,muscle on the 45 th day;between intestines and the environment factors,the others organs and tissues and between muscle and water,calipash,liver on the 60 th day;between water,calipash and intestines,liver and between intestines and sediment,muscle on the 75 th day.
引文
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[2]侯义宏,唐连飞,熊波,等.一起大闸蟹重金属镉污染的溯源分析研究[J].渔业研究,2017,39(5):392-396.
[3]王丽娟,吴成业.水产品中镉的形态分析及其危害[J].福建水产,2014,36(1):78-84.
[4]张翠,翟毓秀,宁劲松,等.镉在水生动物体内的研究概况[J].水产科学,2007,8(26):465-470.
[5]李筝,李慧,李莉,等.水生动物标志物评价镉污染的研究进展[J].水产科学,2017,36(4):524-530.
[6]杜丽娜,余若祯,王海燕,等.重金属镉污染及其毒性研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(2):167-174.
[7]吴坚.微量金属对海洋生物的生物化学效应[J].海洋环境科学,1991,10(2):58-64.
[8]张海棠,刘玺,刘耀东,等.动物性食品镉离子污染及其毒性作用[J].山西农业科学,2008,36(12),123-126.
[9]马嫱,孙鲁闽,张佳荣.厦门市售淡水鱼铅、镉含量及食用风险评估初探[J].渔业研究,2016,38(4):302-309.
[10]刘阳,覃剑晖.重金属镉对鱼类的毒性研究概况[J].湖南农业科学,2016(2):120-122.
[11]吴立冬,李强,刘欢,等.贝类中重金属镉安全性评价研究现状[J].中国渔业质量与标准,2015,5(5):56-60.
[12]顾捷,张小军,梅光明,等.嵊泗养殖贻贝镉含量监测及潜在健康风险评估[J].山东化工,2016,45(22):171-173.
[13]夏泽慧,王兴明,楼巧婷,等.合肥市场6种淡水鱼体内Cu、Pb和Cd的分布及食用风险[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(3):311-315.
[14]张聪,宋超,裘丽萍,等.太湖流域中华绒螯蟹重金属镉和铬的风险评估[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(3):178-181.
[15]俞国珍,叶海云,李景.三门县市售海带、紫菜中重金属镉含量状况分析[J].现代食品,2016(17):88-89.
[16]吴志宏,孙福新,王颖,等.栉孔扇贝对镉富集及释放规律的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2011,41(10):93-97.
[17]GB 7475-1987水质铜、锌、铅、镉的测定原子吸收分光光度法[S].
[18]GB/T 17141-1997土壤质量铅、镉的测定石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法[S].
[19]GB 5009.15-2014食品安全国家标准食品中镉的测定[S].
[20]GB 11607-1989渔业水质标准[S].
[21]GB/T 18407.4-2001农产品安全质量无公害水产品产地环境要求[S].
[22]GB 2762-2017食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量[S].
[23]马桂云,严少华,韩士群,等.鱼塘生态系统中重金属的迁移转化特征研究[J].水产科学,2006,25(1):19-22.
[24]MURAKAMI M,FUJITA M,FURUMAI H,et al.Sorption behavior of heavy metal species by soakaway sediment receiving urban road runoff from residential and heavily trafficked areas[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,164(2/3):707-712.
[25]刘育红.土壤镉污染的产生及治理方法[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(2):75-79.
[26]余杨,王雨春,周怀东,等.三峡水库蓄水初期鲤鱼重金属富集特征及健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(7):2012-2019.
[27]舒廷飞,罗琳,温琰茂.海水养殖对近岸生态环境的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2002,21(1):74-79.
[28]李群.食品中重金属镉污染状况及其检测技术研究进展[J].食品安全导刊,2017(12):125.
[29]李敏.水产品中镉污染的安全评价及其不同形态的影响研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[30]王晶,任同军,王福强.重金属镉对水生动物的毒性作用及其机制[J].中国饲料,2015(17):25-27.
[31]龚倩.海水滩涂贝类中重金属镉的检测及富集规律的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.
[32]林建云,陈维芬,陈涵贞,等.水产饲料中镉的存在形态及其在养殖动物体内累积状况的研究[J].台湾海峡,2008,27(4):491-498.
[33]DE SMET H,DE WACHTER B,LOBINSKI R,et al.Dynamics of(Cd,Zn)-metallothioneins in gills,liver and kidney of common carp Cyprinus carpio during cadmium exposure[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2001,52(3/4):269-281.
[34]侯晓莹,吴萍,祝溢锴,等.镉在鲤鱼组织内的蓄积及对血浆指标的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(6):667-672.
[35]王凡,赵元凤,吴益春,等.栉孔扇贝对Cd的累积和排出[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2005,25(4):95-98.
[36]戴家银,郑微云,洪丽玉,等.铜、铅、镉在真鲷幼鱼组织的积累与分布[J].海洋科学,1997,21(6):8-9.
[37]刘长发,陶澍,龙爱民.金鱼对铅和镉的吸收蓄积[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(4):344-349.
[38]孟晓红,贾瑛,付超然.重金属稀土元素污染在水生物体内的生物富集[J],农业环境保护,2000,19(1):50-52.
[39]吕雪飞,邓玉林,周群芳.镉在雄性泥鳅体内的富集分布[J].化学通报,2010,73(10):932-937.
[40]周名江.中国海洋生态毒理学的研究进展[J].环境科学研究,1997,10(3):1-6.
[41]DE CONTO CINIER C,PETIT-RAMEL M,FAURE R,et al.Kinetics of cadmium accumulation and elimination in carp Cyprinus carpio tissues[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Pharmacology,Toxicology and Endocrinology,1999,122(3):345-352.
[42]刘丽,刘伶俐,陈湘艺,等.重金属镉对鲫鱼毒性效应的研究[J].黑龙江大学自然科学学报,2014,31(3):380-385.
[43]张振燕.重金属在克氏原螯虾体内吸收与蓄积特征及蓄积过程重金属间相互作用的研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2013.
[44]陆超华,谢文造,周国君.近江牡蛎作为海洋重金属镉污染指示生物的研究[J].水产科学,1998,5(2):79-83.
[45]孙笑川,王德良,王元兰,等.Cd、Pb在东洞庭湖乌鳢、鳜鱼中的蓄积水平研究[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2016,51(7):137-142.
[2]侯义宏,唐连飞,熊波,等.一起大闸蟹重金属镉污染的溯源分析研究[J].渔业研究,2017,39(5):392-396.
[3]王丽娟,吴成业.水产品中镉的形态分析及其危害[J].福建水产,2014,36(1):78-84.
[4]张翠,翟毓秀,宁劲松,等.镉在水生动物体内的研究概况[J].水产科学,2007,8(26):465-470.
[5]李筝,李慧,李莉,等.水生动物标志物评价镉污染的研究进展[J].水产科学,2017,36(4):524-530.
[6]杜丽娜,余若祯,王海燕,等.重金属镉污染及其毒性研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(2):167-174.
[7]吴坚.微量金属对海洋生物的生物化学效应[J].海洋环境科学,1991,10(2):58-64.
[8]张海棠,刘玺,刘耀东,等.动物性食品镉离子污染及其毒性作用[J].山西农业科学,2008,36(12),123-126.
[9]马嫱,孙鲁闽,张佳荣.厦门市售淡水鱼铅、镉含量及食用风险评估初探[J].渔业研究,2016,38(4):302-309.
[10]刘阳,覃剑晖.重金属镉对鱼类的毒性研究概况[J].湖南农业科学,2016(2):120-122.
[11]吴立冬,李强,刘欢,等.贝类中重金属镉安全性评价研究现状[J].中国渔业质量与标准,2015,5(5):56-60.
[12]顾捷,张小军,梅光明,等.嵊泗养殖贻贝镉含量监测及潜在健康风险评估[J].山东化工,2016,45(22):171-173.
[13]夏泽慧,王兴明,楼巧婷,等.合肥市场6种淡水鱼体内Cu、Pb和Cd的分布及食用风险[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(3):311-315.
[14]张聪,宋超,裘丽萍,等.太湖流域中华绒螯蟹重金属镉和铬的风险评估[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(3):178-181.
[15]俞国珍,叶海云,李景.三门县市售海带、紫菜中重金属镉含量状况分析[J].现代食品,2016(17):88-89.
[16]吴志宏,孙福新,王颖,等.栉孔扇贝对镉富集及释放规律的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2011,41(10):93-97.
[17]GB 7475-1987水质铜、锌、铅、镉的测定原子吸收分光光度法[S].
[18]GB/T 17141-1997土壤质量铅、镉的测定石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法[S].
[19]GB 5009.15-2014食品安全国家标准食品中镉的测定[S].
[20]GB 11607-1989渔业水质标准[S].
[21]GB/T 18407.4-2001农产品安全质量无公害水产品产地环境要求[S].
[22]GB 2762-2017食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量[S].
[23]马桂云,严少华,韩士群,等.鱼塘生态系统中重金属的迁移转化特征研究[J].水产科学,2006,25(1):19-22.
[24]MURAKAMI M,FUJITA M,FURUMAI H,et al.Sorption behavior of heavy metal species by soakaway sediment receiving urban road runoff from residential and heavily trafficked areas[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,164(2/3):707-712.
[25]刘育红.土壤镉污染的产生及治理方法[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(2):75-79.
[26]余杨,王雨春,周怀东,等.三峡水库蓄水初期鲤鱼重金属富集特征及健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(7):2012-2019.
[27]舒廷飞,罗琳,温琰茂.海水养殖对近岸生态环境的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2002,21(1):74-79.
[28]李群.食品中重金属镉污染状况及其检测技术研究进展[J].食品安全导刊,2017(12):125.
[29]李敏.水产品中镉污染的安全评价及其不同形态的影响研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[30]王晶,任同军,王福强.重金属镉对水生动物的毒性作用及其机制[J].中国饲料,2015(17):25-27.
[31]龚倩.海水滩涂贝类中重金属镉的检测及富集规律的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.
[32]林建云,陈维芬,陈涵贞,等.水产饲料中镉的存在形态及其在养殖动物体内累积状况的研究[J].台湾海峡,2008,27(4):491-498.
[33]DE SMET H,DE WACHTER B,LOBINSKI R,et al.Dynamics of(Cd,Zn)-metallothioneins in gills,liver and kidney of common carp Cyprinus carpio during cadmium exposure[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2001,52(3/4):269-281.
[34]侯晓莹,吴萍,祝溢锴,等.镉在鲤鱼组织内的蓄积及对血浆指标的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(6):667-672.
[35]王凡,赵元凤,吴益春,等.栉孔扇贝对Cd的累积和排出[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2005,25(4):95-98.
[36]戴家银,郑微云,洪丽玉,等.铜、铅、镉在真鲷幼鱼组织的积累与分布[J].海洋科学,1997,21(6):8-9.
[37]刘长发,陶澍,龙爱民.金鱼对铅和镉的吸收蓄积[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(4):344-349.
[38]孟晓红,贾瑛,付超然.重金属稀土元素污染在水生物体内的生物富集[J],农业环境保护,2000,19(1):50-52.
[39]吕雪飞,邓玉林,周群芳.镉在雄性泥鳅体内的富集分布[J].化学通报,2010,73(10):932-937.
[40]周名江.中国海洋生态毒理学的研究进展[J].环境科学研究,1997,10(3):1-6.
[41]DE CONTO CINIER C,PETIT-RAMEL M,FAURE R,et al.Kinetics of cadmium accumulation and elimination in carp Cyprinus carpio tissues[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Pharmacology,Toxicology and Endocrinology,1999,122(3):345-352.
[42]刘丽,刘伶俐,陈湘艺,等.重金属镉对鲫鱼毒性效应的研究[J].黑龙江大学自然科学学报,2014,31(3):380-385.
[43]张振燕.重金属在克氏原螯虾体内吸收与蓄积特征及蓄积过程重金属间相互作用的研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2013.
[44]陆超华,谢文造,周国君.近江牡蛎作为海洋重金属镉污染指示生物的研究[J].水产科学,1998,5(2):79-83.
[45]孙笑川,王德良,王元兰,等.Cd、Pb在东洞庭湖乌鳢、鳜鱼中的蓄积水平研究[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2016,51(7):137-142.