不同P、K肥水平对沙地羊草形态特征及产量的影响
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摘要
为了确定科尔沁地区羊草草地适宜的P、K肥施用量,试验对人工建植的羊草草地设2个单因素水平试验,分别施不同水平P肥(0,50,100,150,200 kg/hm~2,分别用P0、P1、P2、P3、P4表示)、K肥(0,50,100,150,200 kg/hm~2,分别用K0、K1、K2、K3、K4表示),探究不同水平P肥、K肥对沙地羊草形态特征及产量的影响。结果表明:P1水平下沙地羊草旗叶、倒二叶叶面积最大;P2水平下沙地羊草茎重和叶重最高,茎叶比最低,干草产量最高。不同施K肥水平下沙地羊草株高无显著变化(P>0.05);K2水平下茎粗最大;随施K肥水平的增加茎重和叶重呈升高的趋势,K1水平下茎叶比最低,K肥可有效增加沙地羊草叶面积;沙地羊草干草产量随施K肥水平的增加而升高,K4水平下羊草干草产量最高,但与K3水平差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明科尔沁沙地建植人工羊草草地获得最大干草产量且成本较低的施肥量为在施N肥100 kg/hm~2,施K肥100 kg/hm~2条件下,施P肥量为P2水平(100 kg/hm~2)最佳;在施N肥100 kg/hm~2,P肥100 kg/hm~2条件下,施K肥量为K3水平(150 kg/hm~2)最佳。
The aim of this sdudy was to determine the suitable amount of P and K fertilizer for Leymus chinensis grassland in Horqin area.In this sdudy,two single factor tests were set up on the artificial cultivated Leymus chinensis grassland, and different levels of P(0, 50 kg/hm~2, 100 kg/hm~2, 150 kg/hm~2, and 200 kg/hm~2) were expressed in P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively, and different levels of K(0, 50 kg/hm~2, 100 kg/hm~2, 150 kg/hm~2, and 200 kg/hm~2) were expressed in K0, K1, K2, K3, and K4, respectively. The morphological characteristics and yield of Leymus chinensis at different levels of P and K fertilizers were detected.The results showed that the area of Leymus chinensis flag leaf and the two leaf area were the largest at P1 level.At P2 level, the stem weight and leaf weight of the Leymus chinensis were the highest, the stem leaf ratio was the smallest, and the hay yield was the highest.There was no significant difference in the height of Leymus chinensis at different K levels(P > 0.05), and the stem thick of Leymus chinensis was the largest at K2 level.With the increase of potassium level, the stem weight and leaf weight of Leymus chinensis showed an increasing trend.The stem leaf ratio of Leymus chinensis was the smallest at K1 level, and potassium fertilizer could increase the area of Leymus chinensis leaf effectively. The yield of Leymus chinensis increased with the increase of K level, and the yield of Leymus chinensis at K4 level was the highest, but there was no significant difference compared with the K3 level(P > 0.05).The preliminary conclusion was that the yield of maximum hay yield and low cost of planting artificial Leymus chinensis grassland in Horqin sandy land was as follows: under 100 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer(N), 100 kg/hm~2 potassium fertilizer, the amount of phosphorus applied to P2(100 kg/hm~2) was the best, under 100 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer(N), 100 kg/hm~2 phosphate fertilizer, the amount of potassium applied to K3(150 kg/hm~2) was the best.
The aim of this sdudy was to determine the suitable amount of P and K fertilizer for Leymus chinensis grassland in Horqin area.In this sdudy,two single factor tests were set up on the artificial cultivated Leymus chinensis grassland, and different levels of P(0, 50 kg/hm~2, 100 kg/hm~2, 150 kg/hm~2, and 200 kg/hm~2) were expressed in P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively, and different levels of K(0, 50 kg/hm~2, 100 kg/hm~2, 150 kg/hm~2, and 200 kg/hm~2) were expressed in K0, K1, K2, K3, and K4, respectively. The morphological characteristics and yield of Leymus chinensis at different levels of P and K fertilizers were detected.The results showed that the area of Leymus chinensis flag leaf and the two leaf area were the largest at P1 level.At P2 level, the stem weight and leaf weight of the Leymus chinensis were the highest, the stem leaf ratio was the smallest, and the hay yield was the highest.There was no significant difference in the height of Leymus chinensis at different K levels(P > 0.05), and the stem thick of Leymus chinensis was the largest at K2 level.With the increase of potassium level, the stem weight and leaf weight of Leymus chinensis showed an increasing trend.The stem leaf ratio of Leymus chinensis was the smallest at K1 level, and potassium fertilizer could increase the area of Leymus chinensis leaf effectively. The yield of Leymus chinensis increased with the increase of K level, and the yield of Leymus chinensis at K4 level was the highest, but there was no significant difference compared with the K3 level(P > 0.05).The preliminary conclusion was that the yield of maximum hay yield and low cost of planting artificial Leymus chinensis grassland in Horqin sandy land was as follows: under 100 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer(N), 100 kg/hm~2 potassium fertilizer, the amount of phosphorus applied to P2(100 kg/hm~2) was the best, under 100 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer(N), 100 kg/hm~2 phosphate fertilizer, the amount of potassium applied to K3(150 kg/hm~2) was the best.
引文
[1] 陈默君,贾慎修. 中国饲料植物[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2002.
[2] 李建东. 我国的羊草草原[J]. 吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版), 1979 (3): 145-151.
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[6] WANG Y, ZHOU G, WANG Y. Modeling responses of the meadow steppe dominated by Leymus chinensis to climate change[J]. Climatic Change, 2007,82(3/4): 437-452.
[7] 李永宏. 放牧影响下羊草草原和大针茅草原植物多样性的变化[J]. 植物学报, 1993,35(11):877-884.
[8] 刘公社,李晓峰. 羊草种[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[9] 黄泽豪,朱锦懋,母锡金,等. 羊草有性繁殖力低的成因研究进展[J]. 中国草地, 2002, 24(6):55-60.
[10] 杨青川. 苜蓿种植区划及品种指南[M]. 北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2012.
[11] 王嘉厚. 不同比例氨化稻草干和羊草对羔羊育肥效果的影响[J].中国畜禽种业, 2014, 10(1): 86-87.
[12] 李本银,汪金舫,赵世杰,等. 施肥对退化草地土壤肥力、牧草群落结构及生物量的影响[J]. 中国草地, 2004, 26(1):14-17.
[13] 李楠,宋建国,刘伟,等. 草原施肥对牧草产量和质量的作用及其经济效益分析[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2001(2):16-18.
[14] FENSHAM R J,HOLMAR J E, COX M J. Plant species responses along a grazing disturbance gradientin Autralian [J]. J Veg Sci, 1999, 10(1):77-86.
[15] 郭继勋,王德利. 羊草草原枯枝落叶中矿质元素的动态分析[J]. 草业学报, 1997, 6(1):72-78.
[16] 李青云,施建军,马玉寿,等.三江源区人工草地施肥效应研究[J].草业科学,2004(4):35-38.
[17] 德科加,周青平,徐成体,等.施肥对青海省山地草原类草场地上生物量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2010 (3):38-40.
[18] 白雪,程军回,郑淑霞,等. 典型草原建群种羊草对氮磷添加的生理生态响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(2):103-115.
[19] 黄菊莹,徐鹏,余海龙,等. 羊草生物量和养分分配对养分和水分添加的响应[J]. 草业科学, 2012, 29(10):1589-1595.
[20] 于振文,梁晓芳,李延奇,等. 施钾量和施钾时期对小麦氮素和钾素吸收利用的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007 (18):69-74.
[21] 董晓兵,郝明德,郭胜安,等. 施肥对羊草产量和品质的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2014, 31(10):1935-1942.
[22] 詹书侠,郑淑霞,王扬,等. 羊草的地上一地下功能性状对氮磷施肥梯度的响应及关联[J]. 植物生态学报,2016, 40 (1):36-47.
[23] TERRY N, ULRICH A. Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the photosynthesis and respiration of leaves of sugar beet[J].Plant Physiol,1973, 51(1):43-47.
[24] LAPOINTE B E. Phosphorus-and nitrogen-limited photosynthesis and growth of Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyceae) in the Florida Keys: An experimental field study[J]. Marine Biol, 1987, 93(4):561-568.
[25] 李卫国. 钾肥对水稻生长发育的影响机理[J]. 山西农业科学,2001, 29(4):37-39.
[26] 段明文,王晋峰.三种栽培牧草群体结构的合理性分析[J].草业科学,1994,11(5):25-28.
[27] 施建军,马玉寿,李青云,等.青南牧区不同处理下燕麦生产性能的分析[J].四川草原,2004(1):21-24.
[28] 王旭东,于振文,樊广华,等. 钾素对冬小麦品质和产量的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2000(5):16-18.
[2] 李建东. 我国的羊草草原[J]. 吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版), 1979 (3): 145-151.
[3] 郭本兆. 国植物志(第9卷第3分册) [M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1987.
[4] 陈佐忠, 汪诗平. 中国典型草原生态系统[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 2000.
[5] 祝廷成. 羊草生物生态学[M]. 长春:吉林科学技术出版社, 2004.
[6] WANG Y, ZHOU G, WANG Y. Modeling responses of the meadow steppe dominated by Leymus chinensis to climate change[J]. Climatic Change, 2007,82(3/4): 437-452.
[7] 李永宏. 放牧影响下羊草草原和大针茅草原植物多样性的变化[J]. 植物学报, 1993,35(11):877-884.
[8] 刘公社,李晓峰. 羊草种[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[9] 黄泽豪,朱锦懋,母锡金,等. 羊草有性繁殖力低的成因研究进展[J]. 中国草地, 2002, 24(6):55-60.
[10] 杨青川. 苜蓿种植区划及品种指南[M]. 北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2012.
[11] 王嘉厚. 不同比例氨化稻草干和羊草对羔羊育肥效果的影响[J].中国畜禽种业, 2014, 10(1): 86-87.
[12] 李本银,汪金舫,赵世杰,等. 施肥对退化草地土壤肥力、牧草群落结构及生物量的影响[J]. 中国草地, 2004, 26(1):14-17.
[13] 李楠,宋建国,刘伟,等. 草原施肥对牧草产量和质量的作用及其经济效益分析[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2001(2):16-18.
[14] FENSHAM R J,HOLMAR J E, COX M J. Plant species responses along a grazing disturbance gradientin Autralian [J]. J Veg Sci, 1999, 10(1):77-86.
[15] 郭继勋,王德利. 羊草草原枯枝落叶中矿质元素的动态分析[J]. 草业学报, 1997, 6(1):72-78.
[16] 李青云,施建军,马玉寿,等.三江源区人工草地施肥效应研究[J].草业科学,2004(4):35-38.
[17] 德科加,周青平,徐成体,等.施肥对青海省山地草原类草场地上生物量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2010 (3):38-40.
[18] 白雪,程军回,郑淑霞,等. 典型草原建群种羊草对氮磷添加的生理生态响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(2):103-115.
[19] 黄菊莹,徐鹏,余海龙,等. 羊草生物量和养分分配对养分和水分添加的响应[J]. 草业科学, 2012, 29(10):1589-1595.
[20] 于振文,梁晓芳,李延奇,等. 施钾量和施钾时期对小麦氮素和钾素吸收利用的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007 (18):69-74.
[21] 董晓兵,郝明德,郭胜安,等. 施肥对羊草产量和品质的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2014, 31(10):1935-1942.
[22] 詹书侠,郑淑霞,王扬,等. 羊草的地上一地下功能性状对氮磷施肥梯度的响应及关联[J]. 植物生态学报,2016, 40 (1):36-47.
[23] TERRY N, ULRICH A. Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the photosynthesis and respiration of leaves of sugar beet[J].Plant Physiol,1973, 51(1):43-47.
[24] LAPOINTE B E. Phosphorus-and nitrogen-limited photosynthesis and growth of Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyceae) in the Florida Keys: An experimental field study[J]. Marine Biol, 1987, 93(4):561-568.
[25] 李卫国. 钾肥对水稻生长发育的影响机理[J]. 山西农业科学,2001, 29(4):37-39.
[26] 段明文,王晋峰.三种栽培牧草群体结构的合理性分析[J].草业科学,1994,11(5):25-28.
[27] 施建军,马玉寿,李青云,等.青南牧区不同处理下燕麦生产性能的分析[J].四川草原,2004(1):21-24.
[28] 王旭东,于振文,樊广华,等. 钾素对冬小麦品质和产量的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2000(5):16-18.